The Need for Required Stock Epinephrine in All Schools: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee.

Epinephrine is the first line of treatment for anaphylaxis that can occur outside a medical setting in community environments such as schools. Patients with diagnosed IgE-mediated food allergy at risk of anaphylaxis are prescribed self-injectable epinephrine and given an individualized anaphylaxis action plan. As students, such patients/families provide their school with completed medication forms, a copy of their anaphylaxis plan, and additional student-specific epinephrine.

Making Diabetes Electronic Medical Record Data Actionable: Promoting Benchmarking and Population Health Improvement Using the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Portal.

This article describes how the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative leverages an innovative web platform, the QI Portal, to gather and store electronic medical record (EMR) data to promote benchmarking and population health improvement in a type 1 diabetes learning health system. The authors explain the value of the QI Portal, the process for mapping center-level data from EMRs using standardized data specifications, and the QI Portal's unique features for advancing population health.

Dollars and Sense: The Business of Pediatric Surgery.

Introduction: This study evaluated North American pediatric surgeons' opinions and knowledge of business and economics in medicine and their perceptions of trends in their healthcare delivery environment.

Methods: We conducted an elective online survey of 1119 American Pediatric Surgical Association members. Over 8 mo, we iteratively developed the survey focused on four areas: opinion, knowledge, current practice environment, and trends in practice environment over the past 5 y.

Arachnoid cysts in paediatrics.

Purpose Of Review: Arachnoid cysts are incidentally found on neuroimaging at an increasing rate in the paediatric population. Hence, learning their clinical implications to better inform families is important. The purpose of this review is to outline the current understanding of epidemiology, disease and clinical features based on location, imaging and management of arachnoid cysts in paediatrics.

Pediatric electrolyte emergencies: recognition and management in the emergency department.

Early recognition and treatment of electrolyte abnormalities protect the patient from derangements in the renal, myocardiac, and central nervous systems. Correction of electrolyte derangements decreases both morbidity and mortality. This issue reviews sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus abnormalities and provides a systematic approach to the evaluation and management of the ill child with an electrolyte emergency.

Genetic testing in children with nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis.

Background: Diagnosing genetic kidney disease has become more accessible with low-cost, rapid genetic testing. The study objectives were to determine genetic testing diagnostic yield and examine predictors of genetic diagnosis in children with nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis (NL/NC).

Methods: This retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on children ≤ 21 years old with NL/NC from pediatric nephrology/urology centers that underwent the Invitae Nephrolithiasis Panel 1/1/2019-9/30/2021.

Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Emergency Medical Services Administration of Opioid Pain Medications for Injured Children.

Background: Treatment with analgesics for injured children is often not provided or delayed during prehospital transport.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate racial and ethnic disparities with the use of opioids during transport of injured children.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study of injured children transported to 1 of 10 emergency departments from July 2019 to April 2020.

Prospective, Case-Control Study Evaluating Effects of No-Sting Liquid Barrier Film on Skin Condition and Maturation of Stratum Corneum in Premature Neonates.

Purpose: To assess effects of a no-sting liquid barrier film (NSLBF) on the skin condition and maturation of the stratum corneum in premature neonates.

Design: This was a prospective, case-control study with each subject serving as their own control.

Subjects And Setting: The sample comprised 33 neonates, between 23 and 32 weeks of gestational age (GA).

Examination of Adverse Reactions After COVID-19 Vaccination Among Patients With a History of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Importance: Data are limited regarding adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with a history of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The lack of vaccine safety data in this unique population may cause hesitancy and concern for many families and health care professionals.

Objective: To describe adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with a history of MIS-C.

The safety of COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised children and young adults with immune-mediated inflammatory disease.

Aim: To assess safety of COVID-19 vaccination in paediatric patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID).

Methods: Subjects of 5-21 years of age with IMID who received at least one COVID-19 vaccine completed electronic surveys after each vaccine to assess side effects within 1 week of vaccination, current medications and COVID-19 testing after vaccination. Charts were reviewed for COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction and IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein results and for disease flare during the study period.

Physician Burnout in Pediatric Gastroenterology.

Objectives: Physicians are prone to burnout which can negatively affect the quality of patient care and lead to medical errors. Burnout can also affect physicians by impacting their personal relationships, their sense of career fulfillment, and job satisfaction. The North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) formed a taskforce to investigate burnout among pediatric gastroenterologists.

v-SYMPHONY career development series: A collaboration to enhance professional awareness for pediatric hematology oncology trainees.

Background: A recent survey of pediatric hematology oncology (PHO) physicians identified that a majority believe fellows are struggling to find jobs that align with their goals. Career development for trainees has historically been home institution-specific, limiting fellows' exposures to career path possibilities. The "virtual-Symposium of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology of New York (v-SYMPHONY)" instituted a tristate Career Development Series for PHO trainees to better address their needs and increase awareness of the variety of PHO career opportunities.

Physician challenges and supports during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed methods study.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians encountered significant COVID-19-related negative experiences and psychological distress in both their personal and professional lives. To understand the factors that negatively impact physician well-being, a number of studies have pointed to multiple work system factors such as excessive workload and workflow interruptions. In addition, studies have shown that positive interpersonal relationships that provide social support may also serve as a buffering role against psychological distress.

Practice Patterns in the Management of Pressure Restrictive Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects: A Multinational Survey.

Indications for the closure of pressure restrictive perimembranous ventricular septal defects (pmVSD) are not well established in the pediatric population. We sought to assess practice variability among pediatric cardiologists in the United States (US), Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. A survey ascertaining practice patterns, including case vignettes with incremental progression of disease severity, was designed and administered through representative professional cardiac organizations and email listservs in the designated countries.

Sports Team Participation and Vaping Among High School Students: 2015-2019.

Background And Objectives: Electronic vapor products (EVPs) have gained popularity among adolescents despite the health risks. This study aimed to evaluate whether sports team participation, a well-established protective factor against cigarette use, is similarly associated with decreased EVP use.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the 2015-2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey cohorts.

Wounding patterns in pediatric firearm fatalities.

Introduction: Pediatric firearm injury became the leading cause of death among U.S. children in 2020.

Paraspinal muscle approach for neuromuscular scoliosis: A comparative study evaluating deformity correction and perioperative morbidity in 91 patients with minimum 2-year follow-up.

Purpose: We present the paraspinal approach use for neuromuscular scoliosis with focus on deformity correction, perioperative (≤30 days) morbidity and outcome at a minimal follow-up length of 2 years.

Methods: We prospectively collected data of 61 neuromuscular scoliosis patients operated using a paraspinal (Wiltse) approach between 2013 and 2019. We additionally collected data of 104 control cases, operated using a midline approach between 2005 and 2016.

Use of the Medmont Dark-Adapted Chromatic Perimeter for Assessing Rod Function in Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Medmont Dark-Adapted Chromatic (DAC) Perimeter enables efficient and quantifiable evaluation of rod-mediated (scotopic) vision. DAC tests rod function at multiple retinal locations, creating a topographical map of rod-mediated vision. These dynamic rod responses can be used as a functional marker to monitor disease progression and functional alterations in inherited retinal dystrophies, such as retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt disease, cone-rod dystrophy, and choroideremia.

Group Psychotherapy for Parents of Youth with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome.

Parents of children with diagnoses of Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) may experience significant psychological distress related to their child's severe and relapsing illness and challenges with the traumatic nature of its treatment. No manualized or studied psychological interventions specifically for parents of youth with PANS have existed prior to this study. In this pilot study, we assessed the feasibility, satisfaction, and treatment fidelity of a brief 9-session group therapy intervention for parents based on principles of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy (CBT).

Organ Dysfunction Among Children Meeting Brain Death Criteria: Implications for Organ Donation.

Objectives: Over 70% of pediatric organ donors are declared deceased by brain death (BD) criteria. Patients with these devastating neurologic injuries often have accompanying multiple organ dysfunction. This study was performed to characterize organ dysfunction in children who met BD criteria and were able to donate their organs compared with those deemed medically ineligible.

Precision nephrology identified tumor necrosis factor activation variability in minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

The diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome relies on clinical presentation and descriptive patterns of injury on kidney biopsies, but not specific to underlying pathobiology. Consequently, there are variable rates of progression and response to therapy within diagnoses. Here, an unbiased transcriptomic-driven approach was used to identify molecular pathways which are shared by subgroups of patients with either minimal change disease (MCD) or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).