Socioeconomic and Ethnic Disparities in Timing and Outcome of Interarytenoid Injection Augmentation.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between social determinants of health and timeliness of management, adherence to follow-up, and outcomes of treatment with interarytenoid injection augmentation (IAIA).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of all pediatric patients treated with IAIA at a large pediatric institution's multidisciplinary aerodigestive clinic between August 2022 and February 2024. Retrieved demographic factors, dates of referral, consultation, treatment, and follow-up, as well as objective measures of dysphagia and aspiration via videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) reports, using dysphagia outcome and severity scale (DOSS) scores and the greatest unsafe thickness, or 'aspiration score'.

Development of the iManage SCD mobile health application for transition.

Objective: This paper outlines the design and implementation of iManage SCD, a self-management mobile health application for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with sickle cell disease (SCD) during transition from pediatric to adult health care.

Methods: The Integrate, Design, Assess, Share (IDEAS) framework, emphasizing user insights, iterative design, rigorous assessment, and knowledge sharing, guided the development process. The design team consisted of researchers, psychologists, physicians, social workers, AYA with SCD, and parents of AYA with SCD (n = 16) across three states.

Evaluating post-cardiac arrest blood pressure thresholds associated with neurologic outcome in children: Insights from the pediRES-Q database.

Background: Current Pediatric Advanced Life Support Guidelines recommend maintaining blood pressure (BP) above the 5th percentile for age following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest (CA). Emerging evidence suggests that targeting higher thresholds, such as the 10th or 25th percentiles, may improve neurologic outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the association between post-ROSC BP thresholds and neurologic outcome, hypothesizing that maintaining mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) above these thresholds would be associated with improved outcomes at hospital discharge.

Increased incidence of Graves' disease during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents in the United States.

Introduction: Reports in adults indicate that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination trigger the expression of autoimmune disease such as Graves' disease, but the incidence of new onset Graves' disease and its temporal relationship to the peaks of COVID-19 cases in children are unclear.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of children and adolescents with new-onset Graves' disease diagnosed between September 2017 and August 2022, N=156, mean age of 12.5 ± 4 year (y), with a range of 2.

Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model for ICU Mortality After Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Initiation in Children.

Background: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the favored renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Predicting clinical outcomes for CRRT patients is difficult due to population heterogeneity, varying clinical practices, and limited sample sizes.

Objective: We aimed to predict survival to ICUs and hospital discharge in children and young adults receiving CRRT using machine learning (ML) techniques.

The impact of internet resources and artificial intelligence on information on myringotomy tubes.

Purpose: To compare the quality and readability of patient education materials on myringotomy tubes from artificial intelligence and Google search.

Methods: Three questions were posed to ChatGPT and Google Gemini addressing "Condition," "Investigation," and "Treatment" domains. Google was queried for "Ear tubes," "Myringotomy and tubes," and "Tympanostomy tubes.

Executive and adaptive function impacts long-term outcomes for adults with maple syrup urine disease.

Successful transition to independent adulthood requires intact executive and adaptive function. These neurocognitive domains are frequently impaired in inherited metabolic disorders (IMD), despite optimal management. For many IMDs, the impact of executive and adaptive dysfunction on long-term outcomes remains undefined.

Comparison of Race-neutral Versus Race-specific Spirometry Equations for Evaluation of Child Asthma.

Rationale: Race-based estimates of pulmonary function in children could influence the evaluation of asthma in children from racial and ethnic minoritized backgrounds.

Objectives: To determine if race-neutral (GLI-Global) versus race-specific (GLI-Race-Specific) reference equations differentially impact spirometry evaluation of childhood asthma.

Methods: The analysis included 8,719 children aged 5 to <12 years from 27 cohorts across the United States grouped by parent-reported race and ethnicity.

Evaluating renal disease in pediatric-onset anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: disease course, outcomes, and predictors of outcome.

Objectives: We aimed to study the disease course, outcomes, and predictors of outcome in pediatric-onset anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) affecting the kidneys.

Methods: Patients eligible for this study had a diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), or ANCA positive pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, were ≤ 18 years at diagnosis, had renal disease defined by biopsy or dialysis dependence, and had clinical data at diagnosis and either 12- or 24-months. Ambispective data from the ARChiVE/PedVas Registry was used.

Factors Associated with Shock at Presentation in Kawasaki Disease Versus Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with COVID-19.

Background: While clinical overlap between Kawasaki disease (KD) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been evident, information regarding those presenting with shock has been limited. We sought to determine associations with shock within and between diagnosis groups.

Methods: The International KD Registry enrolled contemporaneous patients with either KD or MIS-C from 39 sites in 7 countries from 01/2020 to 01/2023.

Feasibility of an Obesity Prevention Program for Latino Families from First Trimester of Pregnancy to Child Age 18 Months and Predictors of Program Attendance.

The high prevalence of obesity in Latino families with low income necessitates prevention beginning in pregnancy and continuing through infancy. Due to systemic inequities, adverse social determinants of health (SDoH) and mental health symptoms may limit program efficacy by presenting barriers to attendance. We sought to assess: (1) the feasibility of the Starting Early Program (StEP) Prenatal, a 17-session intervention beginning early in pregnancy and continuing to 18 months postpartum; and (2) the effects of adverse SDoH (material hardship, low social support) and mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress) on program attendance.

Diabetes Care in the School Setting: A Statement of the American Diabetes Association.

Diabetes is a prevalent chronic disease in school-age children. To keep students with diabetes safe at school, support their long-term health, prevent complications, and ensure full participation in all school activities, proper monitoring of and response to glucose levels must be attended to throughout the school day and during all school-sponsored activities. Care coordination among the family, school, and diabetes health care professionals is critical.

Efficacy and Complications of Interarytenoid Injection for Dysphagia in Infants 1-Year-Old and Under.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and complication rates of interarytenoid injection augmentation (IAIA) for the treatment of dysphagia in patients 1 year of age and under and to determine if concurrent feeding therapy (FT) affects outcome.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Tertiary pediatric hospital.

Rectal Prolapse in the Pediatric Population.

Purpose Of Review: Rectal prolapse in the pediatric population presents a clinical challenge with wide variability in etiology, presentation, work-up and management. In this article, we reviewed the evidence supporting various medical and surgical treatment options as well as the recent trends amongst pediatric surgeons.

Recent Findings: Medical therapy is highly effective in most patients, with bowel management programs being particularly successful.

Impact of Consumer Wearables Data on Pediatric Surgery Clinicians' Management: Multi-Institutional Scenario-Based Usability Study.

Background: At present, parents lack objective methods to evaluate their child's postoperative recovery following discharge from the hospital. As a result, clinicians are dependent upon a parent's subjective assessment of the child's health status and the child's ability to communicate their symptoms. This subjective nature of home monitoring contributes to unnecessary emergency department (ED) use as well as delays in treatment.

Transition to Enteral Triazole Antifungal Therapy for Pediatric Invasive Candidiasis: Secondary Analysis of a Multicenter Cohort Study Conducted by the Pediatric Fungal Network.

Of 319 children with invasive candidiasis, 67 (21%) transitioned from intravenous to enteral antifungal therapy. Eight (12%) transitioned back to intravenous antifungal therapy, one due to perceived treatment failure defined by clinical progression or worsening. Global treatment response at study completion was success in 66 participants transitioned to enteral therapy.

Are chest compression quality metrics different in children with and without congenital heart disease? A report from the pediatric resuscitation quality collaborative.

Objective: To evaluate the association of CPR quality metrics with survival outcomes in children with and without congenital heart disease experiencing in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of data from the Pediatric Resuscitation Quality (pediRES-Q) Collaborative.

Setting: 28 participating sites.

AAAAI Position Statement on Changing Electronic Health Record Allergy Documentation to "Alerts" to Lead to Easily Understood, Actionable Labels.

The term "allergy" is inaccurate for the vast majority of the contents in the current allergy fields of electronic health records (EHRs). While EHRs have transformed access to health information and streamlined the delivery of care, their ability to reliably indicate medications, vaccines, or foods that mandate avoidance versus preferences or mild intolerances, is suboptimal. The current systems are reactive instead of being proactive and frequently fail to communicate the appropriate course of action.

CDK6-mediated endothelial cell cycle acceleration drives arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Increased endothelial cell proliferation is a hallmark of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Here, we report a cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6)-driven mechanism of cell cycle deregulation involved in endothelial cell proliferation and HHT pathology. Specifically, endothelial cells from the livers of HHT mice bypassed the G1/S checkpoint and progressed through the cell cycle at an accelerated pace.

Implementation of the Lupus Low Disease Activity State in Pediatric Rheumatology Care: The Role of the Visual Analog Scale.

Objective: We compared the measurement properties of a traditional physician global assessment of disease activity (PhGA) 10-cm visual analog scale (PhGA) with that of the three-point numeric scale (PhGA) in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) as part of the childhood Lupus Low Disease Activity State (cLLDAS).

Methods: We used a secondary data analysis from a convenience sample of 100 patients with cSLE followed every three months for up to seven visits. Ratings of PhGA, PhGA, parent assessment of patient well-being (ParGA) (range: 0= very poorly, 10 = very well), disease activity as measured by the SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2k), Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment (SELENA) SLEDAI, and the British Isles International Lupus Activity Group index (BILAG; A = 9, B = 3, C = 1, D/E = 0) were compared.

Cost-Effectiveness of Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Pediatric Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Down Syndrome Patients.

Objective: To examine the cost-effectiveness of hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) implantation at an early age in simulated pediatric cohorts with Down Syndrome (DS) and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Study Design: Cost-utility analysis.

Setting: Hypothetical cohort.