778 results match your criteria: "Coccidioidomycosis Infectious Diseases"

Coccidioidomycosis is a potentially fatal fungal disease of humans and animals that follows inhalation of Coccidioides spp. arthroconidia in the environment. The disease in dogs resembles that in people, and because dogs may be at increased risk of exposure due to their proximity to the ground and digging behavior, they are valuable models for the disease in humans.

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The incidence of coccidioidomycosis continues to increase. The diagnosis frequently relies on non-invasive diagnostic testing with immunodiffusion and complement fixation (CF) testing the current gold standard. A direct comparison of quantitative immunodiffusion and CF for IgG antibodies has not been previously reported.

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Donor-derived endemic mycoses after solid organ transplantation: A review of reported cases.

Clin Transplant

January 2024

Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, and The William J Von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Donor-derived endemic mycoses are rare but serious infections that can occur after organ transplants, with 24 cases identified, primarily involving coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis.
  • Most affected individuals were male, with infections typically appearing within months of transplant, and many had a history of donors having high-risk exposure to endemic fungi.
  • These infections are often disseminated and have a high mortality rate, highlighting the need for careful donor evaluations to prevent such risks.
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Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal disease in arid regions of the United States that is predicted to expand with climate change. Cases in military personnel and military working dogs (MWDs) impact personnel readiness and result in healthcare costs. To examine Coccidioides exposure among MWDs, 276 banked serum samples were retrieved from dogs housed in California, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, and Utah.

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Cutaneous Coccidioidomycosis (CC) infection can present with a wide variety of clinical presentations and is well known as a 'great imitator'. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with CC in a large referral center in Central Valley, California, from 2010 to 2022 using the ICD9 and ICD10 codes for coccidioidomycosis and CC. We identified 40 patients with CC during the study period.

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The clinical utility of Coccidioides species antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) remains unclear. This study describes the clinical course of eight patients with severe or chronic coccidioidomycosis and subsequent Coccidioides AST. We present the clinical manifestations, antifungal treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes for these patients.

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Coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis are underrecognized and frequently misdiagnosed fungal infections that can clinically resemble bacterial and viral community-acquired pneumonia. This guidance is intended to help outpatient clinicians test for these fungal diseases in patients with community-acquired pneumonia to reduce misdiagnoses, unnecessary antibacterial use, and poor outcomes.

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A southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) stranded dead in central California, USA, with a distended pericardial sac containing thousands of free-floating proteinaceous masses. Serology, fungal culture, PCR, and sequencing confirmed the etiology of this novel lesion as Coccidioides immitis. Range expansion of this zoonotic pathogen is predicted with climate change.

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Endemic mycoses - are we making progress in management?

Curr Opin Infect Dis

December 2023

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento.

Purpose Of Review: The endemic fungi are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in effected patients. The range of endemicity for these are expanding with infections observed outside of traditional locations. Enhanced diagnostic and treatment practices may significantly alter patient outcomes.

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Background: We sought to characterize the outcomes of patients with primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis whose post-treatment complement fixation (CF) titer increased by more than 2 dilutions (serologic rebound) after discontinuation of antifungal treatment.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis and identified immunocompetent, non-pregnant adults who received antifungal treatment and then experienced a serologic rebound after treatment discontinuation. We compared these to matched controls similarly treated who did not have serologic rebound.

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Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection endemic to the southwestern United States and Central/South America, and its range is expanding with the warming climate. People with HIV/AIDS are at increased risk of developing disseminated infection, and furthermore are at risk for developing immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) if they are initiating or re-initiating anti-retroviral therapy (ART). There have been few cases of coccidioidomycosis-related IRIS reported in the literature, and there is no clear guidance on treatment.

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A review of endemic mycoses after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Transpl Infect Dis

December 2023

Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The William J Von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Background: Endemic mycoses after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are rarely reported. We aimed to comprehensively review the clinical presentation and outcomes of endemic mycoses in this immunocompromised population.

Methods: Multiple databases were reviewed from inception through May 31, 2023 using endemic fungi as keywords (e.

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spp. are dimorphic fungi that are capable of infecting human and non-human mammals and can cause diverse manifestations of coccidioidomycosis or Valley fever (VF). In combination with clinical symptoms and radiographic findings, antibody-based diagnostic tests are often used to diagnose and monitor patients with VF.

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The clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and complications of coccidioidal meningitis caused by the dimorphic pathogenic fungus ( and ) have been well documented in the literature. Despite the abundance of literature concerning this disease manifestation, it is not very commonly seen in clinical practice, delaying its diagnosis and treatment and leading to devastating neurological sequelae. Therefore, considering this disease process as a potential diagnosis in endemic areas is important for appropriate and timely treatment.

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Unlabelled: The frequency and severity of wildfires in the Western United States have increased over recent decades, motivating hypotheses that wildfires contribute to the incidence of coccidioidomycosis, an emerging fungal disease in the Western United States with sharp increases in incidence observed since 2000. While coccidioidomycosis outbreaks have occurred among wildland firefighters clearing brush, it remains unknown whether fires are associated with an increased incidence among the general population.

Methods: We identified 19 wildfires occurring within California's highly endemic San Joaquin Valley between 2003 and 2015.

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A Countrywide Seroepidemiological Survey of Rift Valley Fever in Livestock, Uganda, 2017.

Am J Trop Med Hyg

September 2023

Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Article Synopsis
  • - In 2016, Rift Valley fever reemerged in Uganda's Kabale District, with confirmed human cases and a notable seropositivity rate of 13% in both humans and animals.
  • - A countrywide survey involving 3,181 livestock samples showed an overall RVFV seropositivity of 6.9%, with higher rates in cattle (10.7%) versus goats and sheep, and among females and adults compared to males and juveniles.
  • - The study highlights risk factors for RVFV seropositivity, including animal species, age, grazing methods, and regional differences, indicating the potential for targeted surveillance to prevent future outbreaks in humans and animals.
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Epidemiology of Coccidioidomycosis in the Veterans Health Administration, 2013-2022.

J Fungi (Basel)

July 2023

Public Health National Program Office, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC 20420, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • A study analyzed the occurrence of coccidioidomycosis (a fungal infection) among Veterans between 2013 and 2022, focusing on demographics and health records of those tested for the disease.
  • Findings indicated that coccidioidomycosis-positive Veterans were generally younger, predominantly male, and more likely to be Philippine-born, with higher infection rates in specific areas of Arizona and California where the fungus is common.
  • Key risk factors included being Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Asian, Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, or Hispanic/Latino, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies and better treatment approaches.
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Introduction: Coccidioidomycosis is most often an asymptomatic or mild self-limited respiratory infection, but in rare cases it can become disseminated and cause severe disease.

Case Presentation: A 29-year-old man who was originally from Thailand and had been living in Arizona for 2 years presented with intermittent fevers, fatigue, and other nonspecific symptoms, including abdominal pain, nonbloody diarrhea, and pruritic rash. Initial laboratory values showed significant peripheral eosinophilia.

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Coccidioidomycosis is known to occur around the western hemisphere. In tropical countries, the clinical presentation is atypical presenting with a superficial abscess preceded by respiratory tract involvement often mimicking tuberculosis. Eliciting a history of exposure and high suspicion is imperative for early diagnosis.

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Coccidioidomycosis Granulomas Informed by Other Diseases: Advancements, Gaps, and Challenges.

J Fungi (Basel)

June 2023

Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.

Valley fever is a respiratory disease caused by a soil fungus, , that is inhaled upon soil disruption. One mechanism by which the host immune system attempts to control and eliminate is through granuloma formation. However, very little is known about granulomas during infection.

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Background: Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection endemic to the southwestern United States and regions of Latin America. Disseminated disease occurs in < 1% of cases. Septic shock is even rarer, with high mortality despite therapy.

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Endemic systemic mycoses such as blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, talaromycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis are emerging as an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We conducted a systematic review on endemic systemic mycoses reported in Italy from 1914 to nowadays. We found out: 105 cases of histoplasmosis, 15 of paracoccidioidomycosis, 10 of coccidioidomycosis, 10 of blastomycosis and 3 of talaromycosis.

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Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes, causing blistering and erosions. Identifying and effectively managing atypical presentations of pemphigus vulgaris can be challenging due to its rarity. We describe a 32-year-old male patient with a medical history including prediabetes, moderate asthma, hyperlipidemia, coccidioidomycosis, and respiratory infections.

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