271 results match your criteria: "Cnidaria Envenomation"
Aquatic envenomation: First aid and prevention tips for US waters.
Nursing
November 2024
Kenneth A. Wofford is an associate professor, vice professor at the University of South Florida and a member of the Nursing2024 Editorial Board.
Envenomation by an aquatic animal can produce distressing and occasionally life-threatening signs and symptoms. Common vectors of exposure in the US are cnidaria and venomous fish. Prompt recognition and treatment may help manage distressing symptoms, limit subsequent tissue destruction, and minimize the risk of more serious complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFreshwater jellyfish in northeastern Argentina: a risk to human health.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
October 2024
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET).
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the occurrence of freshwater jellyfish, specifically Craspedacusta sowerbii, in Misiones, Argentina, and its potential to cause envenomation in humans.
- It documents cases of skin lesions that coincided with the jellyfish's presence and analyzes its toxicological properties, revealing the presence of harmful enzymes and toxins.
- This research not only confirms the jellyfish's presence in northeastern Argentina but also aids health professionals in diagnosing and managing jellyfish-related injuries.
Detection of the jellyfish Chrysaora pacifica by RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a environmental DNA (eDNA) assay and its evaluation through field validation and comparative eDNA analyses.
Sci Total Environ
December 2024
Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Climate change and human activities are leading to the rise of non-native aquatic species like jellyfish, which can disrupt ecosystems and pose health risks.
- Researchers developed a two-step RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a eDNA assay for early detection of the jellyfish Chrysaora pacifica, showing high sensitivity in identifying low levels of its genetic material.
- Field tests in Jinhae Bay supported the assay's effectiveness by correlating with data from existing monitoring programs, suggesting it could be a reliable alternative for early warning systems against invasive marine species.
Jellyfish Stings: A Review of Skin Symptoms, Pathophysiology, and Management.
Med Sci Monit
July 2024
Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.
Article Synopsis
- The rise in coastal human populations and activities has led to an increase in jellyfish stings, resulting in a variety of symptoms that can be mild to severe, including skin injuries and potentially fatal reactions.
- Common skin manifestations from jellyfish stings include blisters, erythema, and necrosis, which can lead to long-term pigmentation issues even after treatment.
- The article emphasizes the need for thorough research on jellyfish venom and its effects to create effective treatment strategies and inform both medical professionals and the public about managing jellyfish stings.
Troxerutin suppress inflammation response and oxidative stress in jellyfish dermatitis by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Front Immunol
May 2024
Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Article Synopsis
- Envenomation from jellyfish can lead to severe skin reactions known as jellyfish dermatitis, whose treatment is complicated by various venom components.
- The study evaluated Troxerutin (TRX) as a potential treatment using mice models and various assays to analyze its effects on inflammation and oxidative damage caused by jellyfish venom.
- Results showed that TRX significantly reduced skin toxicity and inflammation by inhibiting key signaling pathways, suggesting it could be an effective new therapy for jellyfish dermatitis.
Jellyfish envenomation with delayed hypersensitivity and concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Dermatol Online J
March 2024
School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Marine Envenomation in Okinawa: Overview and Treatment Concept.
Wilderness Environ Med
March 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, Japan Self-Defense Force Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Okinawa is a popular tourist spot known for its stunning beaches and reefs, which attract many visitors for marine activities.
- The reefs are home to a variety of dangerous venomous species, including cone snails, box jellyfish, and lionfish, putting tourists at risk of envenomation.
- Effective treatment for marine stings or bites includes first aid, hot water immersion, and possibly antivenom, highlighting the need for prehospital care providers to be well-informed about these venomous animals and their treatments.
Nationwide Aquatic Envenomations Reported to US Poison Control Centers from 2011 to 2020.
Wilderness Environ Med
March 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA.
Article Synopsis
- Aquatic envenomations are frequent injuries along the U.S. coast, posing health risks, primarily affecting young males (≤30 years) during summer months, with 8517 cases reported from 2011 to 2020.
- * The study utilized data from the National Poison Data System, excluding non-relevant reports, to analyze trends in these injury cases, revealing that fish and Cnidaria were the most common sources.
- * Despite the high number of envenomations, there were no reported deaths, and 37% of cases required treatment in healthcare facilities, demonstrating the importance of poison control centers in monitoring and managing these incidents.*
Effects of toxin metalloproteinases from jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai nematocyst on the dermal toxicity and potential treatment of jellyfish dermatitis.
Int Immunopharmacol
February 2024
CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
Jellyfish dermatitis is a common medical problem in many countries due to the jellyfish envenomation. However, there are no specific and targeted medications for their treatment. Here we investigated the possible therapeutic effects of metalloproteinase inhibitors on the dermal toxicity of Nemopilema nomurai nematocyst venom (NnNV), a giant venomous jellyfish from China, using the jellyfish dermatitis model, focusing on inflammatory effector molecules during jellyfish envenomation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetatranscriptome analysis reveals the putative venom toxin repertoire of the biofouling hydroid Ectopleura larynx.
Toxicon
January 2024
SINTEF Ocean, Aquaculture Department, Brattørkaia 17c, 7010, Trondheim, Norway.
Article Synopsis
- * Ectopleura larynx is prevalent in Northern Europe’s aquaculture but lacks detailed biological and venom composition studies, prompting researchers to analyze its genetic makeup to identify potential venom proteins.
- * The study found a diverse array of predicted toxin proteins in E. larynx, suggesting a complex mechanism of envenomation that could benefit medical and biotechnological research by uncovering new bioactive molecules.
Severe case of rhabdomyolysis following jellyfish envenomation in the Mediterranean Sea.
RMD Open
November 2023
Rheumatology Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
Article Synopsis
- Jellyfish stings are common and usually harmless, but some species can cause serious harm, including life-threatening conditions.
- A case was reported of a 17-year-old boy who suffered severe symptoms, including respiratory issues and pain in his limbs, after being stung by a jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea.
- The patient was successfully treated with hydration, ventilatory support, and steroids, highlighting the need for quick recognition and treatment of serious reactions from jellyfish venom.
Fucoidan may treat jellyfish dermatitis by inhibiting the inflammatory effect of jellyfish venom.
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2023
CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Jellyfish dermatitis is a common issue from jellyfish stings, but effective treatments are currently lacking.
- This study explores the potential of fucoidan, showing that a 3 mg/mL concentration reduces inflammation caused by jellyfish venom and inhibits harmful enzymes.
- The findings suggest that fucoidan could be a new treatment for jellyfish dermatitis, opening up possibilities for its use in clinical settings.
Rapid and permanent cytotoxic effects of venom from Chiropsella bronzie and Malo maxima on human skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.
Toxicon
September 2023
Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Jellyfish stings, especially from box jellyfish species like Chironex fleckeri and Carukia barnesi, pose serious health risks in tropical waters, but there's limited knowledge on effective treatments.
- This study investigates the cytotoxic effects of venoms from Chiropsella bronzie and Malo maxima on human muscle and heart cells, revealing differing effects and mechanisms.
- Results showed Chiropsella bronzie rapidly damages cells, while Malo maxima initially increases cell viability before causing toxicity, indicating the need for further research on treatment strategies for jellyfish envenomations.
The Dermatological Effects of Box Jellyfish Envenomation in Stinging Victims in Thailand: Underestimated Severity.
Wilderness Environ Med
December 2023
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- * A retrospective analysis of 124 victims identified severe skin reactions ranging from edema to necrosis and established that direct contact leads to more serious injuries.
- * Recommendations for first aid stress the importance of rinsing the wound with vinegar for 30 seconds and performing CPR if needed, while also noting that tentacle removal may not be necessary as they can detach on their own.
Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the first occurrence of diverse toxin groups in Millepora alcicornis.
J Proteomics
September 2023
Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, C.P. 76010 Querétaro, Qro, Mexico. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Millepora alcicornis, a type of fire coral found in the Mexican Caribbean, is known for its painful sting and is a key player in reef ecosystems.
- Recent research using transcriptomic analysis revealed a variety of potentially toxic proteins in this coral, including neurotoxins and enzymes that could have biomedical applications.
- The study highlights the need for further exploration of fire coral toxins, as these marine organisms may offer valuable compounds for pharmaceuticals and other industries.
Reflectance Confocal Microscopy of Skin after the Sting of the Jellyfish .
Case Rep Dermatol
July 2023
Unit of Dermatology and Cosmetology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Jellyfish are aquatic animals of the phylum Cnidaria found in seas all over the world. They are characterized by the presence of cnidocytes, cells that contain a secretory organelle, the cnidocyst, mainly used for predation and defense purposes. An adult female patient presented to our Unit of Dermatology, for a 10 days-old history of macular-erythematous lesions in her right upper limb, due to a sting by a mauve stinger .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacoinformatic Investigation of Silymarin as a Potential Inhibitor against Jellyfish Metalloproteinase Toxin-like Protein.
Int J Mol Sci
May 2023
College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
Article Synopsis
- * The study identifies a potential metalloproteinase inhibitor, **Silymarin**, by screening 39 flavonoids and modeling the venom's structure using **AlphaFold2**.
- * Findings indicate that Silymarin effectively inhibits the toxic effects of NnV-MP through strong hydrophobic interactions and optimal hydrogen bonding, suggesting it could help treat jellyfish stings.
Article Synopsis
- Physalia physalis, known as Portuguese man-of-war, is a jellyfish-like organism found in tropical and subtropical oceans, primarily causing painful but usually mild stings.
- A patient experienced increasingly severe reactions to repeated stings, including intense itching (urticaria) and an unusual blistering reaction in two separate clinic visits.
- Research into the venom's compounds and potential treatments, like oral antihistamines and Aloe vera gel, is needed to better understand and address severe reactions to P. physalis stings, particularly for individuals frequently at risk.
Protective Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against the Jellyfish Envenoming.
Toxins (Basel)
April 2023
Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Article Synopsis
- - Jellyfish stings are a major global issue, with about 150 million cases each year leading to serious health problems like pain, inflammation, and even death.
- - Research shows that the natural polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) can effectively counteract the harmful effects of jellyfish venom in laboratory studies and animal models.
- - As a safe and commonly used food additive, EGCG is proposed as a promising treatment option for jellyfish envenoming due to its ability to mitigate the venom's toxicity.
Managing an Unidentified Jellyfish Sting with Mixed Envenomation Syndrome at a Noncoastal Hospital: Is This a New Form of Jellyfish Envenomation?
Wilderness Environ Med
June 2023
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Jellyfish stings are a common cause of marine envenomation, with several species found around Penang Island, Malaysia, including box jellyfish which can cause severe reactions.
- A 32-year-old man was stung by an unidentified jellyfish, experiencing immediate intense pain, chest discomfort, and breathing issues, and was treated with vinegar, analgesics, steroids, and antihistamines.
- After refusing hospitalization, he later presented with worsening symptoms at a distant hospital, where tests revealed heart abnormalities and elevated enzyme levels, leading to symptomatic management and recommendations for better health-seeking behavior.
Compartment syndrome following a jellyfish sting: a case report.
J Med Case Rep
January 2023
Paediatric Surgery Department, Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Article Synopsis
- A case study discusses a 15-year-old boy experiencing unusual complications from a jellyfish sting that resulted in acute compartment syndrome in his left arm.
- Treatment included a surgical procedure called decompression fasciotomy and the use of diluted nitroglycerin to alleviate artery spasms.
- Post-treatment, the patient faced shoulder and elbow pain, which improved with six weeks of physiotherapy, highlighting the need for urgent care protocols in severe jellyfish sting cases.
There's something in the water: an overview of jellyfish, their stings, and treatment.
Int Marit Health
January 2023
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
Article Synopsis
- Jellyfish are a diverse group of Cnidarians found on many beaches, and while most species cause only painful stings, some can be deadly to humans.
- The Australian box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri) is particularly dangerous, with venom that can kill within minutes, and other species like Carukia barnesi can lead to serious conditions such as Irukandji syndrome.
- Treatment for jellyfish stings is controversial and varies by species; removing tentacles and washing the area with seawater is essential, but there's no consensus on the best pain control methods, highlighting the need for more research on effective treatment guidelines.
Comparative Study of Toxic Effects and Pathophysiology of Envenomations Induced by (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) and (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) Jellyfish Venoms.
Toxins (Basel)
November 2022
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
Article Synopsis
- Jellyfish stings cause both local tissue damage and systemic effects, but there’s limited quantitative and qualitative research on jellyfish venom.
- This study analyzed the toxic effects of venom from two jellyfish classes, Cubozoa and Scyphozoa, using animal models and found CbV (from Cubozoa) to be significantly more lethal than NnV (from Scyphozoa).
- The findings highlighted that CbV caused more severe tissue damage and faster onset of symptoms compared to NnV, indicating that jellyfish venom toxicity varies by species.
Extremity Ischemia After Jellyfish Envenomation: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature.
J Emerg Med
October 2022
Department of Surgery, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
Article Synopsis
- Jellyfish envenomation can cause severe extremity ischemia and necrosis, leading to long-lasting functional impairments, requiring effective management strategies.* -
- A systematic review identified that standard treatments like anticoagulants and antibiotics are ineffective; however, intravenous prostaglandins and intra-arterial thrombolytics show potential in improving outcomes and preventing surgery.* -
- The review proposes an evidence-based algorithm for managing extremity ischemia after jellyfish stings, emphasizing the need for prompt medical intervention to mitigate damage.*
Cloning of Metalloproteinase 17 Genes from Oriental Giant Jellyfish (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae).
Toxins (Basel)
July 2022
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers found that jellyfish venom metalloproteinases (JVMPs) are crucial for the toxic effects of jellyfish venom, including skin damage and lethal effects.
- The study identified and analyzed two specific JVMPs, JVMP17-1 and JVMP17-2, detailing their genetic sequences and structural features.
- This research is the first to successfully clone these metalloproteinase enzymes from jellyfish, aiming to enhance our understanding of how these components contribute to jellyfish sting-related harm.