Classifying early infant feeding status from clinical notes using natural language processing and machine learning.

The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning models to predict infant feeding status from clinical notes in the Epic electronic health records system. The primary outcome was the classification of infant feeding status from clinical notes using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. Annotation of notes was completed using TeamTat to uniquely classify clinical notes according to infant feeding status.

EVIDENCE-PRACTICE GAP IN TREATMENT DECISIONS ABOUT DEFECTIVE COMPOSITE AND AMALGAM RESTORATIONS AMONG BRAZILIAN DENTISTS.

Better understanding of dentists' decision-making about defective restorations is needed to close the evidence-practice gap (EPG). this study aimed to quantify the EPG about defective restorations and identify dentist factors associated with this EPG. 216 dentists from São Paulo State, Brazil, completed a questionnaire about three clinical case scenarios involving defective composite restorations with cementum-dentin margins (case 1) and enamel margins (case 2), and an amalgam (case 3) restoration.

OxPhos defects cause hypermetabolism and reduce lifespan in cells and in patients with mitochondrial diseases.

Patients with primary mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) defects present with fatigue and multi-system disorders, are often lean, and die prematurely, but the mechanistic basis for this clinical picture remains unclear. By integrating data from 17 cohorts of patients with mitochondrial diseases (n = 690) we find evidence that these disorders increase resting energy expenditure, a state termed hypermetabolism. We examine this phenomenon longitudinally in patient-derived fibroblasts from multiple donors.

Identification and characterization of potent, selective, and efficacious inhibitors of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1.

Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) plays a pivotal role in the metabolism of carcinogens and is a drug target for cancer prevention and/or treatment. A protein-ligand virtual screening of 2 million chemicals was ranked for predicted binding affinity towards the inhibition of human NAT1. Sixty of the five hundred top-ranked compounds were tested experimentally for inhibition of recombinant human NAT1 and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2).

Experiment, theory, and simulation of a flow-electrical-split flow thin particle separation device.

Herein, we describe the simulation of a novel flow-electrical-split flow thin (Fl-El-SPLITT) separation device and validate it using existing theory and experimentation for the first time using polystyrene particles of 28 and 1000 nm diameters. The fraction of particles exiting selected ports with DC El-SPLITT is predicted with existing theory, but the theory does not include AC fields, nor does it incorporate the use of crossflows. Using DC fields the El-SPLITT simulation and theory calculated transition points result in the same values.

METHODS FOR CARIES PREVENTION IN ADULTS AMONG DENTISTS FROM A BRAZILIAN COMMUNITY: Adult' caries prevention among Brazilian dentists.

Unlabelled: Little is known about dental practice patterns of caries prevention in adults among Brazilian dentists.

Objective: To quantify procedures used for caries prevention for adult patients among dentists from a Brazilian community.

Methods: Dentists (n=197) who reported that at least 10% of their patients are more than 18 years old participated in the first Brazilian study that used a translated version of the "Assessment of Caries Diagnosis and Caries Treatment" from the U.

A study of deep learning methods for de-identification of clinical notes in cross-institute settings.

Background: De-identification is a critical technology to facilitate the use of unstructured clinical text while protecting patient privacy and confidentiality. The clinical natural language processing (NLP) community has invested great efforts in developing methods and corpora for de-identification of clinical notes. These annotated corpora are valuable resources for developing automated systems to de-identify clinical text at local hospitals.

PTTG1: a Unique Regulator of Stem/Cancer Stem Cells in the Ovary and Ovarian Cancer.

Origin of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and mechanisms by which oncogene PTTG1 contributes to tumor progression via CSCs is not known. Ovarian CSCs exhibit characteristics of self-renewal, tumor-initiation, growth, differentiation, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. A common location of putative origin, namely the ovarian surface epithelium, is shared between the normal stem and CSC compartments.

The linkage between mental health, delinquency, and trajectories of delinquency: Results from the Boricua Youth Study.

Purpose: To examine the longitudinal relationship between depression, delinquency, and trajectories of delinquency among Hispanic children and adolescents.

Methods: Propensity score matching is used to match depressed and non-depressed youth and a combination of group-based trajectory and multinomial logistic regression techniques are used.

Results: After adjusting for pre-existing differences between depressed and non-depressed youth, the causal relationship between depression and delinquency and the association between depression and trajectories of delinquency appears to be largely spurious.

Targeting of Lung Cancer Stem Cell Self-Renewal Pathway by a Small Molecule Verrucarin J.

Despite considerable advances made in understanding of lung cancer biology, there has been meek improvement in lung cancer treatment outcome with 4% to 5% increase in 5-year survival rates in the last four decades. Underlying problem of lung cancer recurrence and poor prognosis is attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) which possess the potential to differentiate, proliferate and trigger chemo-resistance, tumor progression and metastasis, despite initial elimination of the tumor. To address specific targeting of CSCs, we investigated the effects of a small molecule Verrucarin J (VJ) on lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1793.

Impact of 21-Gene Expression Assay on Staging Estrogen Receptor-Positive HER2-Negative Breast Cancer.

Purpose: The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) breast cancer staging system requires histologic grade (GR), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and stage (assessed by the tumor, node, metastasis classification system). For T1-2 N0, ER/HER2- tumors, if the 21-gene expression assay is ordered and Oncotype DX (ODX) recurrence score (RS) is 0 to 10, the stage is IA. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the ODXRS on staging ER/HER2- tumors.

An ontology-guided semantic data integration framework to support integrative data analysis of cancer survival.

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, exceeded only by heart disease. Extant cancer survival analyses have primarily focused on individual-level factors due to limited data availability from a single data source. There is a need to integrate data from different sources to simultaneously study as much risk factors as possible.

Melanoma exosomes promote mixed M1 and M2 macrophage polarization.

Macrophages are key participants in melanoma growth and survival. In general, macrophages can be classified as M1 or M2 activation phenotypes. Increasing evidence demonstrates that melanoma exosomes also facilitate tumor survival and metastasis.

Participatory implementation science to increase the impact of evidence-based cancer prevention and control.

It is critical to accelerate the integration of evidence-based programs, practices, and strategies for cancer prevention and control into clinical, community, and public health settings. While it is clear that effective translation of existing knowledge into practice can reduce cancer burden, it is less clear how best to achieve this. This gap is addressed by the rapidly growing field of implementation science.

Therapeutic indications and other use-case-driven updates in the drug ontology: anti-malarials, anti-hypertensives, opioid analgesics, and a large term request.

Background: The Drug Ontology (DrOn) is an OWL2-based representation of drug products and their ingredients, mechanisms of action, strengths, and dose forms. We originally created DrOn for use cases in comparative effectiveness research, primarily to identify historically complete sets of United States National Drug Codes (NDCs) that represent packaged drug products, by the ingredient(s), mechanism(s) of action, and so on contained in those products. Although we had designed DrOn from the outset to carefully distinguish those entities that have a therapeutic indication from those entities that have a molecular mechanism of action, we had not previously represented in DrOn any particular therapeutic indication.

The association of exosomes with lymph nodes.

Cells produce extracellular nanovesicles known as exosomes that transport information between tissue microenvironments. Exosomes can engage and regulate the function of various immune cell types facilitating both normal and pathological processes. It follows that exosomes should also associate with lymph nodes containing immune cells.

Melanoma exosome induction of endothelial cell GM-CSF in pre-metastatic lymph nodes may result in different M1 and M2 macrophage mediated angiogenic processes.

Angiogenesis is a key process in the preparation of lymph nodes for melanoma metastasis. Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in M1 or HIF-2α in M2 polarized macrophages. HIF-1α promotes neoangiogenesis while HIF-2α facilitates morphogenic normalization of neovasculature.

Post isolation modification of exosomes for nanomedicine applications.

Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles. They innately possess ideal structural and biocompatible nanocarrier properties. Exosome components can be engineered at the cellular level.

Melanoma exosomes enable tumor tolerance in lymph nodes.

Melanoma preferentially spreads via lymph nodes. Melanoma exosomes can induce angiogenesis and immune suppression. However, a role for melanoma exosomes in facilitating tumor tolerance in lymph nodes has not been considered.

Long-term Morbidity of Testicular Cancer Treatment.

Second malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, neurotoxicity and ototoxicity, pulmonary complications, hypogonadism, and nephrotoxicity are potentially life-threatening long-term complications of testicular cancer and its therapy. This article describes the pathogenesis, risks, and management of these late effects experienced by long-term testicular cancer survivors, who are defined as individuals who are disease free 5 years or more after primary treatment. Testicular cancer survivors should follow applicable national guidelines for cancer screening and management of cardiovascular disease risk factors.

COMT gene locus: new functional variants.

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolizes catecholaminergic neurotransmitters. Numerous studies have linked COMT to pivotal brain functions such as mood, cognition, response to stress, and pain. Both nociception and risk of clinical pain have been associated with COMT genetic variants, and this association was shown to be mediated through adrenergic pathways.

Chronic pain management: legal and licensure issues.

Legal and licensure issues are an inevitable aspect of treating patients with chronic pain. Clinicians need to ensure compliance with state medical board and federal guidelines. Prescription drug abuse continues to be a significant problem.

Chronic pain management: pharmacotherapy for chronic pain.

Clinicians should combine nonpharmacologic therapies and pharmacotherapy for management of chronic pain. Safety and effectiveness determine the choice of therapy. Typically, nonopioid analgesics are first-line treatment, including acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and topical drugs.

Chronic pain management: nonpharmacological therapies for chronic pain.

Nonpharmacologic therapies have become a vital part of managing chronic pain (CP). Although these can be used as stand-alone therapies, nonpharmacologic treatments often are used to augment and complement pharmacologic treatments (ie, multimodal therapy). Nonpharmacologic approaches can be classified as behavioral, cognitive, integrative, and physical therapies.