Cranioplasty infection in porous hydroxyapatite: Potential antibacterial properties.

Introduction: Intensive research is dedicated to the development of novel biomaterials and medical devices to be used as grafts in reconstructive surgery, with the purpose of enhancing their therapeutic effectiveness, safety, and durability. A variety of biomaterials, from autologous bone to polymethylmetacrylate, polyether ether ketone, titanium, and calcium-based ceramics are used in cranioplasty. Porous hydroxyapatite (PHA) is reported as a possible material for bone reconstruction, with good signs of biocompatibility, osteoconductive and osteointegrative properties.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs. robotic pyelolithotomy for large renal stones: an inverse probability treatment weighting analysis.

Background: The American Urologic Association (AUA) and the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines endorse percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for symptomatic stones larger than 20 mm despite significant risks such as bleeding and urosepsis. Robotic pyelolithotomy (RPL) is emerging as an appealing alternative to PCNL, particularly for patients with anatomical variations like pelvic or horseshoe kidneys, malrotation, previous unsuccessful PCNL, and congenital renal anomalies such as ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted involving patients from Miulli Hospital and A.

Efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes across young to older age groups of patients with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer treated with ribociclib plus endocrine therapy in the randomized MONALEESA-2, -3, and -7 trials.

Background: Ribociclib + endocrine therapy (ET) showed significant progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) benefits in the MONALEESA trials in patients with HR+ /HER2 - advanced breast cancer (ABC). We report efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) across age groups, including older patients, in these trials.

Methods: Data from the MONALEESA-2, -3, and -7 trials for pre- and postmenopausal patients receiving first-line treatment for ABC were pooled and analyzed by age (<65y, 65-74y, and ≥75y).

Incidence and predictors of weaning failure from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in patients with cardiogenic shock.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate incidence and predictors of weaning failure and in-hospital death after successful weaning from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS).

Methods And Results: Overall, 685 patients with CS treated with VA-ECMO from 23 tertiary care centres in 7 countries were analysed (median age 57 [interquartile range 49-66] years, 542 [79.1%] male, median lactate 7.

Epidemiology of Congenital Hand Anomalies at a Single Center in Mainland China: An Analysis of 1,415 Cases.

Currently, large-sample epidemiological studies on congenital upper limb differences (CULD) in China are relatively rare. This report presents our centre's experience on the spectrum of diseases and related factors. Information was collected from patients with CULD who underwent surgical treatment at our centre from September 2018 to October 2023.

A comprehensive RCT in screening, surveillance, and diagnostic AI-assisted colonoscopies (ACCENDO-Colo study).

Background And Aims: Adenoma detection rate (ADR) serves as a primary quality metric in colonoscopy. Various computer-aided detection (CADe) tools have emerged, yielding diverse impacts on ADR across different demographic cohorts. This study aims to evaluate a new CADe system in patients undergoing colonoscopy.

The impact of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with left-sided resectable pancreatic cancer: an international multicenter study.

Purpose: To assess the association between neoadjuvant therapy and overall survival (OS) in patients with left-sided resectable pancreatic cancer (RPC) compared to upfront surgery.

Background: Left-sided pancreatic cancer is associated with worse OS compared to right-sided pancreatic cancer. Although neoadjuvant therapy is currently seen as not effective in patients with RPC, current randomized trials included mostly patients with right-sided RPC.

Real-world effectiveness of mepolizumab in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Exacerbations and suboptimal disease control are common in severe asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype (SAep). Mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated efficacy and safety in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We aimed to strengthen the real-world evidence base for mepolizumab in SAep.

Large clones of Clonal Hematopoiesis affect outcome in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Results from The FIL MCL0208 Clinical Trial.

Although recent evidence suggests that myeloid clonal hematopoiesis (M-CH) may influence lymphoma clinical outcome, its impact in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remains unclear. Here, we report a comprehensive NGS-based analysis of the M-CH mutational landscape at baseline and follow-up in patients enrolled in the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL) MCL0208 phase 3 trial (NCT02354313), evaluating lenalidomide maintenance versus observation after chemoimmunotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in untreated young MCL patients. Overall, 254/300 (85%) enrolled patients (median age 57 years [32-66]) had a baseline sample available for CH analysis.

Soft Coagulation Versus Argon Plasma Coagulation After Large Non-pedunculated Colorectal Polyp Resection: A Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Thermal ablative methods (such as argon plasma coagulation (APC) and soft tip snare coagulation (STSC) are commonly used to treat polyp margins. We aim to appraise the current literature and compare clinical outcomes between patients with treated (with APC vs. STSC) and non-treated endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) margins.

Clinical and Genetic characterization of 51 Patients with Congenital Fibrinogen Disorders from China.

Objective To investigate the classification, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and genetic mutations associated with hereditary fibrinogen disorders in Chinese population. Methods Between February 2015 and February 2022, 65 patients with congenital fibrinogen disorders (CFD) were identified at Wuhan Union Hospital. Comprehensive data were available for 51 patients, allowing for a retrospective analysis.

A first-in-human phase 1/2 dose-escalation study of MAK683 (EED inhibitor) in patients with advanced malignancies.

Purpose: MAK683, a first-in-class and highly selective allosteric inhibitor of the embryonic ectoderm development subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2, has shown sustained antitumor activity in tumor xenograft models. This first-in-human phase 1/2 study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and clinical activity of single-agent MAK683 in advanced malignancies.

Methods: MAK683 was administered fasted once daily or twice daily continuously in 28-day treatment cycles.

Challenges and Opportunities for Adult Vaccine Coverage: Insights for Healthcare Professionals Focusing on Herpes Zoster in Mexico.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common disease in older adults and immunocompromised patients, and is frequently associated with long-term complications that impact quality of life. Fortunately, more than one vaccine against HZ is now available in Mexico. Two expert consensus groups discussed adult vaccination strategies in Mexico, focusing on HZ in older adults and immunocompromised individuals; their insights are reported here.

Emerging Signatures of Hematological Malignancies from Gene Expression and Transcription Factor-Gene Regulations.

Hematological malignancies are a diverse group of cancers developing in the peripheral blood, the bone marrow or the lymphatic system. Due to their heterogeneity, the identification of novel and advanced molecular signatures is essential for enhancing their characterization and facilitate its translation to new pharmaceutical solutions and eventually to clinical applications. In this study, we collected publicly available microarray data for more than five thousand subjects, across thirteen hematological malignancies.

Needle Scoring in Otoplasty: A Basic Technique for Improving Aesthetic Outcomes.

Background: Prominent ears are a prevalent aesthetic concern, with numerous surgical techniques utilized in otoplasty procedures, without a widely approved gold standard. Traditional methods often leave residual deformities, reducing patient satisfaction.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series analysis involving 38 patients (30 Female, 8 Male) who underwent otoplasty to correct prominent ears for aesthetic purposes from January 2019 to December 2022.

Factors associated with phenoconversion of idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a prospective study.

This study explores the effect of risk factors on the progression of idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) to α-synucleinopathies in a Chinese cohort. Patients with iRBD were enrolled and assessed for environmental factors and lifestyle using standardized structured questionnaires at baseline. All patients were prospectively followed for phenoconversion monitoring.

Background therapy in severe asthma on monoclonal antibody treatment in real life.

Background: Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) recently recommends clinicians to reduce inhaled corticosteroid doses in patients with severe asthma who respond positively to monoclonal antibodies (MAbs).

Objective: As we operated this reduction even before the document, we analysed our cohort of subjects on treatment with a MAbs for at least 24 months.

Methods: Data stored in our electronic archive and at the 6-month follow-up (FU) were registered and patients' adherence to asthma therapy was derived by electronic pharmacy claim database.

Predictive value of cough peak flow for successful extubation in mechanically ventilated patients after craniotomy: a single-centre prospective diagnostic study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the cough peak flow (CPF) for successful extubation in postcraniotomy critically ill patients.

Design: This was a single-centre prospective diagnostic study.

Setting: The study was conducted in three intensive care units (ICUs) of a teaching hospital.

Neurological and functional outcomes of 32 patients with hemorrhagic brainstem cavernous malformations: a practical guide for surgical planning.

Objective: Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) were once considered inoperable. Microsurgical resection now represents a valuable option for treating patients with hemorrhagic or symptomatic lesions. The aim of this study was to provide a practical guide for surgical planning by analyzing postoperative neurological and functional outcomes.

Large-scale multicenter study reveals anticitrullinated SR-A peptide antibody as a biomarker and exacerbator for rheumatoid arthritis.

Current diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still challenging. More than one-third of patients with RA could not be accurately diagnosed because of lacking biomarkers. Our recent study reported that scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) is a biomarker for RA, especially for anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP)-negative RA.

Patterns of liver fibrosis evolution in Chinese HIV/HBV co-infected adults following 5-year antiretroviral treatment: a longitudinal study using non-invasive APRI and Fib-4 scores.

The long-term effects of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) on liver fibrosis patterns in adults living with HIV and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) are not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the trajectories of liver fibrosis and identify the associations of baseline variables with different patterns of liver fibrosis evolution. A total of 333 individuals with HIV/HBV co-infection and undergoing long-term ART were enrolled in this study.

Developmental dynamics mimicking inversely engineered pericellular matrix for articular cartilage regeneration.

The mechanical mismatch of scaffold matrix-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been a longstanding issue in the clinical application of MSC-based therapy for articular cartilage (AC) regeneration. Existing tissue-engineered scaffolds underestimate the importance of the natural chondrocyte pericellular matrix (PCM). Here, we reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics of collagen distribution around the chondrocytes.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced severe epidermal necrolysis mediated by macrophage-derived CXCL10 and abated by TNF blockade.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represent new anticancer agents and have been used worldwide. However, ICI can potentially induce life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR), such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), hindering continuous ICI therapy. We examine 6 cohorts including 25 ICI-induced SJS/TEN patients and conduct single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, which shows overexpression of macrophage-derived CXCL10 that recruits CXCR3 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in blister cells from ICI-SJS/TEN skin lesions.

Generalized pustular psoriasis: immunological mechanisms, genetics, and emerging therapeutics.

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare human autoinflammatory disorder with life-threatening systemic effects. Keratinocyte-derived interleukin (IL)-36 signaling has been identified as a key mediator of immune response in the skin of affected individuals. Recognition of various mutations along the IL-36 axis and the downstream nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) signaling have established GPP as genetically, immunologically, and histopathologically distinct and amenable to immunomodulation, which is epitomized by the recent success of IL-36 antagonism.