Investigating the behavior of pedestrians and related factors in northern Iran in 2021.

Among all road users, pedestrian behavior is most unpredictable, and our knowledge of pedestrian behavior and compliance in northern Iran is limited. The aim of the study was to determine the self-reporting behavior of pedestrians and related factors in northern Iran in 2021. This cross-sectional study's research tool included demographic characteristics, social characteristics, and a pedestrian behavior questionnaire (PBS - 43 questions).

Azithromycin for Eradication of and Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Azithromycin has been explored as a treatment option for eradication of and prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm neonates. However, there is debate about the need for eradication of and whether azithromycin is safe and efficacious for this indication. This literature review provides an overview of the evidence for use of azithromycin for eradication of and prevention of BPD, including dosing and duration of azithromycin used in these studies.

Impact of a Pharmacist-Managed Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Service on Cost Savings and Clinical Outcomes at an Academic Medical Center.

Background: Outpatient antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is managed by a variety of teams, but primarily through an infectious disease clinic. At our medical center, OPAT monitoring is performed telephonically by pharmacists through a collaborative practice agreement under the supervision of an infectious disease physician. The effect of telephonic monitoring of OPAT by pharmacists on patient outcomes is unknown.

Characterization of early versus late opioid iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome in critically ill children transitioning from fentanyl -infusions to methadone.

Objective: Methadone is used to prevent opioid iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) in children, but the optimal dose and overlap time with an opioid infusion have not been elucidated. The purpose was to compare clinical manifestations among patients who developed opioid IWS within 24 hours (early) versus ≥24 hours (late) of fentanyl discontinuation when enteral methadone was initiated.

Design: A retrospective, descriptive study.

Management of Idiopathic Viral Pericarditis in the Pediatric Population.

Idiopathic (viral) pericarditis (IP) is one of the most common etiologies of acute and recurrent pericarditis in children. IP is associated with significant morbidity, and recurrence rates of IP are high and require treatment to decrease risk of recurrence and pericarditis-related chest pain. Despite significant morbidity, sparse guidance exists to comprehensively address management of IP in children.

A multicenter study of gender bias in student evaluations of teaching in pharmacy programs.

Introduction: Student evaluations of teaching (SET) are widely used to assess effectiveness of teaching. Studies conducted to assess the presence of gender bias in SET have produced mixed results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence and degree of gender bias in SET of didactic courses in United States pharmacy programs.

Qualitative evaluation of postdoctoral trainee and faculty advisor experiences within a research-intensive school of pharmacy.

Background: Postdoctoral trainees play a vital role in securing grant funding, building alliances, and mentoring graduate students under the guidance of a mentor who can help develop their intellectual independence. However, the experiences of postdoctoral trainees, particularly within health professions schools, is largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of postdoctoral trainees and faculty advisors at a public four-year school of pharmacy and identify areas of opportunity to improve postdoctoral training.

Indirect comparison between powered and manual circular staplers for left-sided colorectal anastomoses: clinical and economic outcomes in China.

Aims: This study aimed to examine the economic and clinical benefits of a new powered circular stapler for left-sided colorectal construction in China.

Methods: A decision analysis model was constructed for a cohort of adult patients who underwent left-sided colorectal anastomoses, using either the Echelon Circular Powered (ECP) stapler) or the conventional manual circular staplers (MCS). The complications rates and healthcare resource utilization in the ECP cohort were obtained from the single-arm ECP trial (NCT03326895).

Fostering shared decision-making about prostate cancer screening among African American men patients and their primary care providers: a randomized behavioral clinical trial.

Background: Prostate cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in the American population. Furthermore, the prognosis is worse in African American as there is increased morbidity and mortality associated with it.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a new online method to educate the patient population regarding prostate cancer risk, diagnosis, treatments, and their decisions about whether to be screened for the early detection of prostate cancer.

Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors in Patients With Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a chronic autoimmune skin disease with potential for systemic involvement, disfigurement, and significant disease burden. The relationships of demographics and socioeconomic status with patients with CLE are emerging topics with important clinical implications. The primary objective of our study is to perform a literature review of studies that have investigated demographic and socioeconomic factors amongst patients with CLE and determine whether these factors influence diagnosis frequency, disease severity and outcomes or health related quality of life.

Closing the Integration Gap: A Pilot for Incorporating Foundational Sciences, DEI-Decision Making, Empathy, and Communication for Congestive Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Management by Pharmacy Students.

Pharmacists must integrate foundational sciences with pharmacy practice for providing optimal patient care. Pharmacy students need to be trained to provide culturally competent, linguistically accessible, and empathetic care while integrating foundational science principles. However, such holistic integration is challenging to achieve and assess.

Readmissions, costs, and duration to subsequent outpatient visit after hospital discharge among Medicaid beneficiaries utilizing oral versus long-acting injectable antipsychotics in bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.

Background: Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) may reduce hospitalizations versus oral formulations (OAP) in bipolar disorder (BP) and schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (SCZ), but the impact on time to outpatient follow-up is less understood.

Objectives: To assess hospital readmissions and medical costs among Medicaid beneficiaries with BP or SCZ utilizing OAP or LAI SGAs.

Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses utilized comprehensive administrative claims of Oklahoma Medicaid beneficiaries (≥18 years) with BP or SCZ between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017.

Relationships Between Remote Asynchronous Lectures and Summative Assessment Performance in four Pharmacotherapeutics Courses.

Synchronous education describes when teaching, learning, and assessment occur concurrently and asynchronous education describes when teaching, learning, and assessment occur anytime. Remote learning is where teaching and learning occur via technological means. This report describes a remote, asynchronous learning method implemented in a 3-year, block curriculum, Doctor of Pharmacy degree program.

Research priorities towards precision antibiotic therapy to improve patient care.

Antibiotic resistance presents an incessant threat to our drug armamentarium that necessitates novel approaches to therapy. Over the past several decades, investigation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PKPD) principles has substantially improved our understanding of the relationships between the antibiotic, pathogen, and infected patient. However, crucial gaps in our understanding of the pharmacology of antibacterials and their optimal use in the care of patients continue to exist; simply attaining antibiotic exposures that are considered adequate based on traditional targets can still result in treatment being unsuccessful and resistance proliferation for some infections.

Efficacy and Safety of Prolonged Magnesium Sulfate Infusions in Children With Refractory Status Asthmaticus.

Objectives: There is a paucity of data on the use of intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion in children with refractory status asthmaticus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prolonged magnesium sulfate infusion as an advanced therapy.

Methods: This is a single center retrospective study of children admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with status asthmaticus requiring continuous albuterol.

Caffeine dosing in premature neonates: impact of birth weight on a pharmacokinetic simulation study.

Background: The optimal caffeine dosing in extremely premature neonates remains elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of birth weight on caffeine pharmacokinetics and various dosing regimens.

Methods: In this pharmacokinetic simulation study, we generated the body weights (0-49 days of postnatal age [PNA]) of neonates <28 weeks gestational age with different birth weights (550, 750, and 1050 g).

Vasopressin-Induced Hyponatremia in Infants Following Cardiovascular Surgery.

Background: Vasopressin is increasingly used in infants following cardiac surgery. Hyponatremia is a noted adverse event, but incidence and risk factors remain undefined.

Objective: The primary objective was to identify the incidence of vasopressin-induced hyponatremia.

A National Assessment of Alzheimer Disease and Antipsychotic Medication Prescribing Among Older Adults in Ambulatory Care Settings.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess antipsychotic prescribing within ambulatory settings in the United States among older adults with Alzheimer disease after adjusting for demographic, provider, and clinical factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study utilized Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) ambulatory care data from 2014 to 2016 among visits 65 years old or older with any listed diagnosis of Alzheimer. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed the association between the outcome of antipsychotic prescribing after controlling for numerous demographic, provider, and clinical covariates.

DOACs in Mechanical and Bioprosthetic Heart Valves: A Narrative Review of Emerging Data and Future Directions.

In the recent years, there has been significant transformation in the management of valvular heart disease (VHD), as a result of new minimally invasive technologies, such as the transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Conventionally, mechanical heart valves require anticoagulation with warfarin to prevent thrombogenic events. Lately, there has been an uptrend in the usage of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in both mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valves.

Health Disparities: Statin Prescribing Patterns Among Patients with Diabetes in a Family Medicine Clinic.

Purpose: To analyze the impact of gender and race on statin prescribing patterns in patients with diabetes in a family medicine clinic.

Methods: This study (=192) was a single-center, cross-sectional study that examined statin prescribing patterns at a family medicine clinic. Patients were obtained from January 2015 to November 2018, who were considered eligible for statin therapy based on a documented diagnosis of diabetes.

Ultrasonic surgical and electrosurgical system (USES) with conventional ultrasonic scalpel (CUS) in gastrectomy: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Harmonic ACE +7 Shears with Advanced Hemostasis is an upgraded ultrasonic device, an ultrasonic surgical and electrosurgical system (USES). The study aimed to evaluate the economic and clinical effectiveness of the USES compared with the conventional ultrasonic scalpel (CUS) in gastrectomy.

Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study using the electronic medical records in China.

Evaluation of Ceftazidime Use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Association With Cephalosporin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Background: Cefotaxime shortage in 2015 led to increased ceftazidime use in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Objective: The purpose was to explore whether ceftazidime increases risk for development of resistant gram-negative organisms.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of NICU patients with cultures positive for , , species, or between January1, 2015 and August 31, 2020.

Impact of state legislation in Tennessee on opioid prescribing practices of orthopedic surgeons.

Objective: Post-operative patients are at increased risk of becoming chronic users of opioids, and overprescribing can lead to abuse and diversion. Though data have shown a decrease in opioid prescriptions nationally, limited studies have specifically evaluated the influence of state legislation on this trend. This study aimed to assess the impact of legislation in the state of Tennessee on opioid prescribing amongst orthopedic surgeons.

Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccines and Strategies to Improve Acceptability and Uptake.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on communities across the United States (US). Three vaccines have now been granted Emergency Use Authorization by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use in the US. However, barriers to vaccination exist, some of which are well documented in the literature, including lack of knowledge, fear, accessibility, mistrust in the healthcare system, and systemic and operational obstacles.