Utility of narrow band imaging in a patient with a spinal cord cavernous malformation.

Background: Complete removal of the lesion from the spinal cord cavernous malformation is crucial in patients with spinal cord cavernous malformation. Herein, we report that narrow-band imaging (NBI) is useful to confirm the complete removal of spinal cord cavernous malformations.

Clinical Presentation: A 45-year-old woman was followed up for the past seven years due to multiple intracranial cavernous malformations.

Intraoperative Electrical Stapedius Reflex Testing to Monitor Cochlear Nerve Integrity during Simultaneous Vestibular Schwannoma Resection and Cochlear Implantation.

Objective: To compare the utility of intraoperative electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (eABR) and electrically evoked stapedial reflex testing (eSRT) for cochlear nerve integrity monitoring during simultaneous translabyrinthine resection of vestibular schwannoma (VS) and cochlear implantation.

Study Design: Historical cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary academic referral center.

Repeated epidural stimulation modulates cervical spinal cord excitability in healthy adult rats.

Spinal evoked motor responses (SEMR) are utilized in longitudinal pre-clinical and human studies to reflect the in-vivo physiological changes in neural networks secondary to a spinal cord injury (SCI) or neuro-rehabilitative treatments utilizing epidural stimulation (ES). However, it remains unknown whether the repeated ES exposure during SEMR testing itself modulates spinal cord physiology and accompanying SEMR characteristics. To answer this, ES was delivered to the cervical spinal cord using standard stimulation paradigms during multiple SEMR data acquisition sessions (~ 17 h spanning across 100 days) in ten healthy adult rats.

Intraoperative neuromonitoring and mapping during spinal cord untethering surgery; a single-centre paediatric neurosurgery unit experience.

Purpose: A review of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) and mapping (IONMa) utility during paediatric tethered cord surgery with particular attention to feasibility, measures to prevent injury, and postoperative outcome.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of spinal cord untethering surgery between 2015 and 2022 was carried out. Cohort demographics, IONM and IONMa data, and procedural details were summarised and associations between variables explored.

Utilization of Single-Pulse Transcranial-Evoked Potentials in Neurological and Psychiatric Clinical Practice: A Narrative Review.

The utility of single-pulse TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation)-evoked EEG (electroencephalograph) potentials (TEPs) has been extensively studied in the past three decades. TEPs have been shown to provide insights into features of cortical excitability and connectivity, reflecting mechanisms of excitatory/inhibitory balance, in various neurological and psychiatric conditions. In the present study, we sought to review and summarize the most studied neurological and psychiatric clinical indications utilizing single-pulse TEP and describe its promise as an informative novel tool for the evaluation of brain physiology.

Online registry of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis in Shenzhen: protocol for a multicentre, prospective, open, observational cohort study.

Introduction: Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) of the intestine of preterm infants leads to the risk of abdominal surgery, short bowel syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorders and death. Although the risks of NEC and its complications have been recognised in many countries, few countries have established NEC-specific registries to continuously monitor its aetiology and prognosis. In China, the understanding of risk factors and prognosis of NEC is incomplete, characterised by a lack of evidence from prospective and multicentre studies.

Spinal motor evoked responses elicited by transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in chronic stroke: Correlation between spinal cord excitability, demographic characteristics, and functional outcomes.

Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) is becoming a promising neuromodulation technique to promote motor recovery in various neurological conditions, including stroke. As this intervention moves forward into clinical practice, it is important to understand how the elicited neurophysiological measures are related to the functional and neuromuscular deficits of the population of interest in order to personalize tSCS interventions and assess its effectiveness. Specifically, neurophysiological measurements of spinal cord excitability can be achieved by recording with EMG spinal motor evoked responses (sMERs) in muscles after applying single pulses of tSCS to the spinal cord.

[Polymorphism and modern diagnostic approaches for Leber congenital amaurosis].

Purpose: This study investigated the prevalence and morphofunctional characteristics of the retina in the diagnosis of various types of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) among patients from Moscow and the Moscow region, based on the data from the Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital.

Material And Methods: In order to analyze the polymorphism and prevalence of LCA, the study examined a total of 226 patients suspected of having hereditary retinal dystrophies, genetic diagnosis of Leber amaurosis was confirmed in 24 patients. All 24 patients underwent electrophysiological tests, including visual evoked potentials (VEP) from the sensory retina to the visual centers, and electroretinography (ERG) of the posterior pole of the retina.

Visual Neurophysiological Biomarkers for Patient Stratification and Treatment Development Across Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

The human visual system begins in the retina and projects to cortex through both the thalamocortical and retinotectal visual pathways. The thalamocortical system is divided into separate magnocellular and parvocellular divisions, which engage separate layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and project preferentially to the dorsal and ventral visual streams, respectively. The retinotectal system, in contrast, projects to the superior colliculus, pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus and amygdala.

Advanced Methodology for Neurophysiological Analysis and Biomarker Development: Time-Frequency and Source-Localization Approaches.

The development of new treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders requires the development of physiological measures that can accurately translate between preclinical animal models and clinical human studies. Neurophysiological measures, especially event-related potentials (ERP), provide effective physiological read-outs of the flow of information from primary sensory through higher-order associative brain regions and thus can be used to investigate mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments across neuropsychiatric disorders. Traditional "time-domain" event-related potentials (ERP) such as auditory P300 and mismatch negativity or visual P1 and face N170 are increasingly being used in clinical studies for patient stratification, outcome prediction, or target engagement.

P1 evoked by facial expression images is enhanced in Parkinson's disease patients with depressive symptoms.

Introduction: Depressive symptoms are most common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), which is often overlooked due to absence of rapid and objective diagnostic biomarkers. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based event-related potentials (ERPs) is commonly used to assess emotional processes. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in ERPs in PD patients exhibiting depressive symptoms and to provide a reliable biomarker for assisting in the diagnosis of PD with depressive symptoms.

Assessment of arousal recovery after cardiac arrest using diffusion kurtosis MRI with higher b-values: a pilot study.

Objective: Comatose survivors of cardiac arrest (CA) pose a complex challenge for physicians reliant on imperfect studies to determine the extent of neurologic injury. Clinically available imaging is frequently relied upon despite limited sensitivity. We conducted a prospective pilot study comparing diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)-MRI and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) in comatose survivors of CA to investigate the benefit of utilizing higher diffusion b-values to enhance prediction of arousal recovery.

Creating ionic current pathways: A non-implantation approach to achieving cortical electrical signals for brain-computer interface.

This study introduces a novel method for acquiring brain electrical signals comparable to intracranial recordings without the health risks associated with implanted electrodes. We developed a technique using ultrasonic tools to create micro-holes in the skull and insert hollow implants, preventing natural healing. This approach establishes an artificial ionic current path (AICP) using tissue fluid, facilitating signal transmission from the cortex to the scalp surface.

Clarifying the place of p300 in the empirical structure of psychopathology over development.

Psychophysiology can help elucidate the structure and developmental mechanisms of psychopathology, consistent with the Research Domain Criteria initiative. Cross-sectional research using categorical diagnoses indicates that P300 is an electrocortical endophenotype indexing genetic vulnerability to externalizing problems. However, current diagnostic systems' limitations impede a precise understanding of risk.

Weighted Hermite Variable Projection Networks for Classifying Visually Evoked Potentials.

The occipital cortex responds to visual stimuli regardless of a patient's level of consciousness or attention, offering a noninvasive diagnostic tool for both ophthalmologists and neurologists. This response signal manifests as a unique waveform referred to as the visually evoked potential (VEP), which can be extracted from the electroencephalogram (EEG) activity of a human being. We propose a trainable VEP representation to disentangle the underlying explanatory factors of the data.

A network analysis of affective and motivational individual differences and error monitoring in a non-clinical sample.

Error monitoring, which plays a crucial role in shaping adaptive behavior, is influenced by a complex interplay of affective and motivational factors. Understanding these associations often proves challenging due to the intricate nature of these variables. With the aim of addressing previous inconsistencies and methodological gaps, in this study, we utilized network analysis to investigate the relationship between affective and motivational individual differences and error monitoring.

Vagus nerve stimulation in dementia: A scoping review of clinical and pre-clinical studies.

Background: Dementia is a prevalent, progressive, neurodegenerative condition with multifactorial causes. Due to the lack of effective pharmaceutical treatments for dementia, there are growing clinical and research interests in using vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as a potential non-pharmacological therapy for dementia. However, the extent of the research volume and nature into the effects of VNS on dementia is not well understood.

Electrophysiological measures of patients with unilateral spatial neglect after brain disease: A systematic review.

Introduction: The investigation of brainwave changes during the recovery process of unilateral spatial neglect (USN) has garnered considerable attention in recent years. This paper presents an updated overview of the evolving brainwave patterns during USN rehabilitation, aiming to predict clinical outcomes and guide the selection of effective recovery strategies.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted, encompassing English literature published up to June 2024.

Barriers to auditory brainstem response testing under anesthesia.

Objective: Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing is the gold standard for diagnosis of hearing loss in children who cannot complete behavioral audiometry. Testing under general anesthesia is often recommended when natural sleep ABR and/or behavioral audiometry are unsuccessful. This study aims to determine which demographic and patient factors serve as barriers to receiving this diagnostic testing.

Microstate Analyses to Study face Processing in Healthy Individuals and Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of ERP Findings.

Microstates represent brief periods of quasi-stable electroencephalography (EEG) scalp topography, offering insights into dynamic fluctuations in event-related potential (ERP) topographies. Despite this, there is a lack of a comprehensive systematic overview of microstate findings concerning cognitive face processing. This review aims to summarize ERP findings on face processing using microstate analyses and assess their effectiveness in characterizing face-related neural representations.