Common infections in children aged 6 months to 7 years after high prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances from contaminated drinking water in Ronneby, Sweden.

Background: Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are suggested to impair immune function in children. Previous studies investigating associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and common infections were performed in background-exposed populations whilst studies from high-exposed populations are lacking.

Objectives: To investigate the association between prenatal PFAS exposure from contaminated drinking water and common infections in children aged 6 months to 7 years in Ronneby, Sweden.

Status of Sepsis Care in European Hospitals: Results from an International Cross-Sectional Survey.

Rationale: Early detection, standardized therapy, adequate infrastructure and strategies for quality improvement should constitute essential components of every hospital's sepsis plan.

Objectives: To investigate the extent to which recommendations from the sepsis guidelines are implemented and the availability of infrastructure for the care of patients with sepsis in acute hospitals.

Methods: A multidisciplinary cross-sectional questionnaire was used to investigate sepsis care in hospitals.

Recruitment, follow-up and survival in an 11-country cohort study of patients at the end of life and their relatives.

Background: Large, international cohort studies generate high-level evidence, but are resource intense. In end-of-life care such studies are scarce. Hence, planning for future studies in terms of data on screening, recruitment, retention and survival remains a challenge.

Infective endocarditis caused by - a retrospective registry-based study.

Purpose: Infective endocarditis (IE) is diagnosed using the Duke criteria, which were updated in 2023. In the Duke-ISCVID 2023 criteria, was recognised as a typical IE pathogen. This study investigates the impact of this change and compares the clinical characteristics of IE to IE caused by other pathogens.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alpha-synuclein pathology underlies Lewy body diseases and can also occur comorbid to other neurodegenerative pathologies. The lack of an in vivo measure for alpha-synuclein pathology until recently has limited thorough characterization of its brain atrophy pattern, especially during early disease stages. We therefore aimed to assess the association of alpha-synuclein pathology in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with magnetic resonance image (MRI) structural measures in three independent cohorts, and separately in clinically unimpaired (CU) and cognitively impaired (CI) individuals, the latter reflecting a memory clinic population.

Biomarkers.

Background: The amygdala is a hotspot for neuropathologies; however, it is unclear 1) which neuropathologies lead to amygdala neurodegeneration, 2) what specific amygdala subnuclei are affected, and 3) if the neuropathologies related to amygdala volume are local (inside the amygdala), or distal (in other regions). We investigate the relationships between different neuropathologies (tau, amyloid-β [Aβ], α-synuclein [α-syn], and transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 [TDP-43]) and amygdala volumes.

Method: We analyzed postmortem data from 73 individuals with and without neurodegenerative diseases (age: 77±11 [45-101] years; 26 [36%] females; 51 [70%] cognitively impaired).

Biomarkers.

Background: Tau pathology and neurodegeneration in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) are highly associated in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, the spatial pattern of neurodegeneration, contribution of individual tau inclusion types, and influence of MTL co-pathologies (i.e.

Biomarkers.

Background: The hippocampus and its subfields in the human brain play a pivotal role in forming new memories and spatial navigation. The automated assessment of the hippocampus and its subfields are useful tools for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases such as primary age-related tauopathy, Lewy body dementia, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE), and frontotemporal lobar Dementia. Postmortem brain magnetic resonance imaging plays a crucial role in neuroscience and clinical research, providing valuable insights into the structural and pathological features of the brain after death.

Biomarkers.

Background: The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is the epicenter of both primary and concomitant molecular pathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The intricate anatomy of the MTL has been the subject of extensive study over the past two centuries. However, current PET and MRI AD biomarkers use often crude parcellations of the MTL that have not been sufficiently validated vis-à-vis anatomical ground truth.

Biomarkers.

Background: The heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and lack of well-validated markers of co-pathologies present a substantial challenge for therapeutics. We previously found phenotypes defined by Tau (T) - Neurodegeneration (N) discordance linked to non-Alzheimer's pathologies (e.g.

Biomarkers.

Background: Postmortem MRI allows brain anatomy to be examined at high-resolution linking pathology with morphometric measurements. However, automated methods for analyzing postmortem MRI are not well developed. We present a deep learning-based framework for automated segmentation of cortical mantle, subcortical structures (caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus), white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and normal appearing white matter in (n=135) postmortem human brain tissue specimens (Table 1) imaged at 0.

Biomarkers.

Background: The medial temporal lobe's (MTL) early involvement in tau pathology makes it a key focus in the development of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. ROI analyses in prior studies reported significant MTL structural differences in cognitively normal individuals with and without β-amyloid (A+/-CN). Pointwise analysis, offering spatial information of early neurodegeneration, has potential to pinpoint "signature regions" of pathological change, but has been underexplored in the MTL.

Developing Topics.

Background: The medial temporal lobe (MTL) has distinct cortical subregions that are differentially vulnerable to pathology and neurodegeneration in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. However, previous protocols for segmentation of MTL cortical subregions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) vary substantially across research groups, and have been informed by different cytoarchitectonic definitions, precluding consistent interpretations. The Hippocampal Subfields Group aims to create a harmonized, histology-based protocol for segmentation of MTL cortical subregions that can reliably be applied to T2-weighted MRI with high in-plane resolution.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: Tau pathology and neurodegeneration in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) are highly associated in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, the spatial pattern of neurodegeneration, contribution of individual tau inclusion types, and influence of MTL co-pathologies (i.e.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: The amygdala is a hotspot for neuropathologies; however, it is unclear 1) which neuropathologies lead to amygdala neurodegeneration, 2) what specific amygdala subnuclei are affected, and 3) if the neuropathologies related to amygdala volume are local (inside the amygdala), or distal (in other regions). We investigate the relationships between different neuropathologies (tau, amyloid-ß [Aß], a-synuclein [a-syn], and transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 [TDP-43]) and amygdala volumes.

Method: We analyzed postmortem data from 73 individuals with and without neurodegenerative diseases (age: 77±11 [45-101] years; 26 [36%] females; 51 [70%] cognitively impaired).

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is the epicenter of both primary and concomitant molecular pathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The intricate anatomy of the MTL has been the subject of extensive study over the past two centuries. However, current PET and MRI AD biomarkers use often crude parcellations of the MTL that have not been sufficiently validated vis-à-vis anatomical ground truth.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: The heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and lack of well-validated markers of co-pathologies present a substantial challenge for therapeutics. We previously found phenotypes defined by Tau (T) - Neurodegeneration (N) discordance linked to non-Alzheimer's pathologies (e.g.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: Postmortem MRI allows brain anatomy to be examined at high-resolution linking pathology with morphometric measurements. However, automated methods for analyzing postmortem MRI are not well developed. We present a deep learning-based framework for automated segmentation of cortical mantle, subcortical structures (caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus), white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and normal appearing white matter in (n = 135) postmortem human brain tissue specimens (Table 1) imaged at 0.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: The medial temporal lobe's (MTL) early involvement in tau pathology makes it a key focus in the development of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. ROI analyses in prior studies reported significant MTL structural differences in cognitively normal individuals with and without ß-amyloid (A+/-CN). Pointwise analysis, offering spatial information of early neurodegeneration, has potential to pinpoint "signature regions" of pathological change, but has been underexplored in the MTL.

Association between the proportionality of functional mitral regurgitation and survival after mitral valve operation.

Objective: The concept of proportionate and disproportionate functional mitral regurgitation suggests that transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral repair may benefit patients with a smaller left ventricle relative to a higher regurgitant burden. The clinical relevance of proportionality remains unknown in mitral operations for ischemic mitral regurgitation. We aimed to characterize the association between mitral regurgitation proportionality and outcomes after mitral valve operations.

Image reconstruction impacts haemodynamic parameters derived from 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging with compressed sensing.

Aims: 4D blood flow measurements by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can be used to simplify blood flow assessment. Compressed sensing (CS) can provide better flow measurements than conventional parallel imaging (PI), but clinical validation is needed. This study aimed to validate stroke volume (SV) measurements by 4D-CS in healthy volunteers and patients while also investigating the influence of the CS image reconstruction parameter on haemodynamic parameters.

Metabolic syndrome is associated with breast cancer mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the association between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer (BC) outcomes in BC survivors.

Methods: Systematic searches were carried out in PubMed and Embase using variations of the search terms: breast neoplasms (population), metabolic syndrome (exposure), and survival (outcome). Metabolic syndrome was characterized according to the American Heart Association, which includes the presence of three out of five abnormal findings among the risk factors: high blood pressure, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein, high fasting glucose, and central obesity.

Utility of Simultaneous Left Atrial Strain-Volume Relationship During Passive Leg Lift to Identify Elevated Left Ventricular Filling Pressure-A Proof-of-Concept Study.

: The assessment of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure in heart failure (HF) poses a diagnostic challenge, as HF patients may have normal LV filling pressures at rest but often display elevated LV filling pressures during exercise. Rapid preload increase during passive leg lift (PLL) may unmask HF in such challenging scenarios. We explored the dynamic interplay between simultaneous left atrial (LA) function and volume using LA strain/volume loops during rest and PLL and compared its diagnostic performance with conventional echocardiographic surrogates to detect elevated LV filling pressure.

Development and Psychometric Properties of the Pain and Sensitivity Reactivity Scale in a Diverse Sample of Autistic People.

Background: Recent studies indicate the need to examine how the gut microbiota-brain axis is implicated in pain, sensory reactivity and gastro-intestinal symptoms in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but no scale exists that assesses all these constructs simultaneously.

Methods: We created a pool of 100 items based on the real-world experience of autistic people, and a multidisciplinary team and stakeholders reduced this pool to 50 items assessing pain, sensory hypersensitivity, and sensory hyposensitivity. In the present study, we present this new assessment tool, the Pain and Sensitivity Reactivity Scale (PSRS), and examine its psychometric properties in a sample of 270 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; mean age = 9.

No Biased Attention to Threat, Incompleteness, and Disgust in Youth with OCD and Anxiety Disorders.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety disorders are early-onset mental disorders characterized by selective attention and strong emotional reactions. Attentional bias has been proposed to play a role in the development, onset, and maintenance of the disorders, but few studies have included youth with mental disorders, and no study has included more than one clinical group, making it unclear whether biased attention is disorder-specific or transdiagnostic in nature. In the present study, 65 youths with OCD (M = 13.