The Critical Role of Polyphenols in Immunomodulation and Periodontal Regeneration.

Objectives: Periodontitis, the main cause of tooth loss in adults, is a widespread oral disease characterized by chronic inflammation primarily triggered by periodontopathic bacterial infection. Polyphenols are a class of compounds extracted from herbs and diets, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol unit per molecule. Emerging evidence has revealed that polyphenols show significant effectiveness in ameliorating tissue destruction in periodontitis.

WALINET: A water and lipid identification convolutional neural network for nuisance signal removal in MR spectroscopic imaging.

Purpose: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ( -MRSI) provides noninvasive spectral-spatial mapping of metabolism. However, long-standing problems in whole-brain -MRSI are spectral overlap of metabolite peaks with large lipid signal from scalp, and overwhelming water signal that distorts spectra. Fast and effective methods are needed for high-resolution -MRSI to accurately remove lipid and water signals while preserving the metabolite signal.

Comparison of the analgesic dose of intravenous ketamine versus ketorolac in patients with chest trauma: A randomized double-blind clinical trial.

Background: Pain management is a critical part of treatment in patients with chest trauma. Opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been the most commonly used medications. However, their side effects have drawn attention to other medications.

Investigation of ritonavir analogs antiretroviral natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein.

Since the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported from Wuhan, China, there has been a surge in scientific research to find a permanent cure for the disease. The main challenge in effective drug discovery is the continuously mutating nature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Thus, we have used the I-TASSER modeling to predict the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 viral envelope protein followed by combinatorial computational assessment to predict its putative potential small molecule inhibitors.

Sex-dependent molecular landscape of Alzheimer's disease revealed by large-scale single-cell transcriptomics.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows significant sex differences in prevalence and clinical manifestations, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: This study used a large-scale, single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the human prefrontal cortex to investigate sex-dependent molecular changes in AD. Our approach combined cell type-specific and sex-specific differential gene expression analysis, pathway enrichment, gene regulatory network construction, and cell-cell communication analysis to identify sex-dependent changes.

Guidelines for the standardization of pre-analytical variables for salivary biomarker studies in Alzheimer's disease research: An updated review and consensus of the Salivary Biomarkers for Dementia Research Working Group.

There is a pressing need for accessible biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis to facilitate widespread screening, particularly in underserved groups. Saliva is an emerging specimen for measuring AD biomarkers, with distinct contexts of use that could complement blood and cerebrospinal fluid and detect various analytes. An interdisciplinary, international group of AD and related dementias (ADRD) researchers convened and performed a narrative review of published studies on salivary AD biomarkers.

Expanding molecular and clinical spectrum of CPT1C-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG73)-a case series.

Autosomal-dominant variants in the CPT1C gene have been associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 73 (SPG73), which typically presents with slowly progressive lower limb weakness and spasticity and is therefore considered a pure form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. However, we report two unrelated males with novel CPT1C variants (NM_001199753.2: patient 1: c.

A sample size analysis of a mathematical model of longitudinal tumor volume and progression-free survival for Bayesian individual dynamic predictions in recurrent high-grade glioma.

Patients with recurrent high-grade glioma (rHGG) have a poor prognosis with median progression-free survival (PFS) of <7 months. Responses to treatment are heterogenous, suggesting a clinical need for prognostic models. Bayesian data analysis can exploit individual patient follow-up imaging studies to adaptively predict the risk of progression.

Efficacy of Conservative Therapy in Juvenile Recurrent Parotitis: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of conservative treatment in children with juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP).

Methods: Clinical data from 55 children who were diagnosed with JRP from June 2019 to January 2022 were collected. On admission, patients underwent comprehensive examinations, and a questionnaire was completed by the patients and their parents.

Co-culture of Aspergillus niger IFM 59706 and RAW264 cells enhances the production of aurasperone A with NO inhibitory activity.

Most actinomycetes and fungi have a multitude of silent biosynthetic genes whose activation could lead to the production of new natural products. Our group recently designed and used a co-culture method to isolate new natural products, based on the idea that pathogens might produce immune suppressors to avoid attack by immune cells. Here, we searched for compounds produced by the co-culture of immune cells with pathogenic fungi isolated from clinical specimens.

Zymosan-Treated SKG Mice: Assessing Effects of Systemic Inflammation on the Temporomandibular Joint.

Objectives: The effects of systemic inflammation on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are poorly understood. This study aimed to establish a mouse model to study the effects of systemic inflammation on the TMJ.

Materials And Methods: SKG mice, a BALB/c strain with spontaneous onset of rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms due to a spontaneous point mutation (W163C) in the gene encoding the SH2 domain of ZAP-70, were treated with zymosan (β-1,3-glucan).

HOPX as a tumour-suppressive protein in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

The homeodomain protein homeobox (HOPX), a multifaceted regulator of cellular functions and developmental processes, is predominantly expressed in stem cells across diverse tissues; it has also emerged as a tumour suppressor in various solid cancers. However, its role in haematological malignancies still remains undefined. This study aimed to elucidate its significance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL).

T* relaxometry of fetal brain structures using low-field (0.55T) MRI.

Purpose: Human brain development during gestation is complex, as both structure and function are rapidly forming. Structural imaging methods using MRI are well developed to explore these changes, but functional imaging tools are lacking. Low-field MRI is a promising modality to bridge this gap.

Iloprost-Loaded Electrospun Polycaprolactone/Gelatin Membranes for Enhanced Healing of Colon Anastomosis.

Despite the variety of proposed solutions, anastomotic leakage is still a critical complication after colorectal surgery, which causes increased clinical mortality and morbidity. By enhancing microcirculation in the colonic mucosa, the use of Iloprost (Ilo) has shown promising results for the healing of anastomosis. The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of Ilo-impregnated Polycaprolactone:Gelatin electrospun membranes (PCL/Gel/Ilo) on anastomosis repair and intra-abdominal adhesion behavior in the Rat colon.

Non-APOE variants predominately expressed in smooth muscle cells contribute to the influence of Alzheimer's disease genetic risk on white matter hyperintensities.

Introduction: White matter hyperintensity volumes (WMHVs) are disproportionally prevalent in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), potentially reflecting neurovascular injury. We quantify the association between AD polygenic risk score (AD-PRS) and WMHV, exploring single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are proximal to genes overexpressed in cerebrovascular cell species.

Methods: In a UK-Biobank sub-sample (mean age = 64, range = 45-81 years), we associate WMHV with (1) AD-PRS estimated via SNPs across the genome (minus apolipoprotein E [APOE] locus) and (2) AD-PRS estimated with SNPs proximal to specific genes that are overexpressed in cerebrovascular cell species.

Multi-Functional Bio-HJzyme Engineered Polyetheretherketone Implant with Cascade-Amplification Therapeutic Capabilities Toward Intractable Implant-Associated Infections.

Intractable implant-associated infections (IAIs) are the primary cause of prosthetic implant failure, particularly in the context of diabetes mellitus. There is an urgent need to design and construct versatile engineered implants integrated with cascade amplification therapeutic modality to significantly improve the treatment of diabetic IAIs. To address this issue, a multi-functional MXene/AgPO@glucose oxidase bio-heterojunction enzyme (M/A@GOx bio-HJzyme) coating is developed, which is decorated with an inert sulfonated polyetheretherketone implant (SP-M/A@G) via hydrothermal treatment and layered deposition.

Pediatric Acute Otitis Media Clinical Trials: An Analysis of Diversity.

Objective: This study aims to assess the diversity and equity of pediatric acute otitis media (AOM) trials using ClinicalTrials.gov, focusing on participant demographics and representation to identify gaps in inclusivity and inform strategies for promoting diversity in future pediatric AOM studies.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis.

Two-year changes of macular choroidal thickness in response to 0.01% atropine eye drops: Results from the myopia outcome study of atropine in children (MOSAIC) clinical trial.

Purpose: To investigate 2-year changes in macular choroidal thickness (ChT) in children receiving 0.01% atropine eyedrops and its relationship with spherical equivalent refraction (SER) progression and axial length (AL) elongation.

Methods: A total of 250 myopic children aged 6-16 years (167%-0.

JAK inhibition decreases the autoimmune burden in Down syndrome.

Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS), the genetic condition caused by trisomy 21 (T21), display clear signs of immune dysregulation, including high rates of autoimmunity and severe complications from infections. Although it is well established that T21 causes increased interferon responses and JAK/STAT signaling, elevated autoantibodies, global immune remodeling, and hypercytokinemia, the interplay between these processes, the clinical manifestations of DS, and potential therapeutic interventions remain ill defined.

Methods: We report a comprehensive analysis of immune dysregulation at the clinical, cellular, and molecular level in hundreds of individuals with DS, including autoantibody profiling, cytokine analysis, and deep immune mapping.

Pediatric T-lymphoblastic Leukemia With an Entirely Mature Immunophenotype: A Prompt and Challenging Diagnosis.

Children with T-ALL/LBL require prompt diagnosis and treatment. Flow cytometric analysis of T-lineage and immaturity markers usually leads to a straightforward diagnosis. However, rare cases of T-ALL expressing bright CD45 and lacking expression of immature markers can be a diagnostic conundrum and difficult to differentiate from mature T-cell lymphomas lacking surface CD3 expression or aberrantly expressing immature markers, which affects treatment decisions and prognosis.

Improving Sickle Cell Patient Appointment Compliance in a Hospital-based Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinic.

This quality improvement initiative aimed to reduce the no-show rate at a hospital-based tertiary sickle cell ophthalmology clinic. Missed appointments place a significant burden on the healthcare system, resulting in prolonged waiting times and underutilized clinical resources that impact the quality of care provided. Individuals with sickle cell disease commonly require multiple appointments to address the myriads of comorbidities associated with their disease.

Rethinking BCC diagnosis: Automating concept-specific detection of BCC in dermatoscopic images.

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a prevalent type of skin cancer in which the inherent subjectivity of dermoscopy poses diagnostic challenges. Existing AI systems, which provide mainly image-level insights, lack the interpretability that is crucial for effective clinical decisions and patient education.

Patients And Methods: Our study developed a refined BCC dataset from the Human‒Machine Adversarial Model (HAM10000), which was annotated by clinicians to identify key diagnostic features.

Frailty screening in older patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery: Comparative study of seven screening instruments.

Background: Frailty screening instruments are increasingly studied as risk predictors for adverse postoperative outcomes. However, because of the lack of comparative research, it is unclear which screening instrument performs best. This study therefore compared the diagnostic accuracy of seven frailty screening instruments for adverse postoperative outcomes in patients aged ≥70 years undergoing colorectal surgery.

Are Oral Somatostatin Receptor Ligands Moving Closer to Becoming a Reality?

With the current therapeutic modalities available to endocrinologists, control of GH and IGF-I is now possible in almost all patients with acromegaly with multi-modality therapy. Despite biochemical control of GH and IGF-I, patients with acromegaly continue to experience impaired quality of life. Although there are likely multiple factors contributing to this dissatisfaction with current medical therapies, in particular the widely utilised injectable long-acting somatostatin receptor ligands (iSRL), is a contributor.

Hyperspectral Metachip-Based 3D Spatial Map for Cancer Cell Screening and Quantification.

In this paper, compact terahertz (THz) metachips for hyperspectral screening and quantitative evaluation of human cancer cells is reported. This pixelated resonant metachips feature the resonance channel from 1 and 3 THz frequency with a record-high quality factor (up to 230). Through the interactions of various cancer cells of different concentrations, high-dimensional spectral signatures are obtained, which are further transformed into a spatial map for labelling and quantification purposes.