Phylogenetic and morphological re-evaluation of Camptophora.

The genetic variety and habitats of Camptophora species, generally known as black yeast, have not been clarified. In this study, we re-evaluated Camptophora based on morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses. Because prior investigations on Camptophora only included a few strains/specimens, 24 Camptophora-related strains were newly obtained from 13 leaf samples of various plant species to redefine the genetic and species concepts of Camptophora.

, gen. et sp. nov., associated with snow blight of conifers in Japan.

(Dearn.) Crous (syn: ) was originally described in North America to accommodate the species associated with snow blight of and spp. In Japan, this species was first observed on the dead needles on and var.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of causing witches' broom of species.

was first found on in Nikko, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan and described only with a brief mentions and illustration of a specimen in 1896. This fungus causes a witches' broom disease of species. To stabilize the concept of this species, the specimen in the protologue was located, carefully examined, and illustrated.

and allied fusarioid taxa (FUSA). 1.

Seven species complexes are treated, namely species complex (FASC) (two species), species complex (FBSC) (five species), species complex (FBURSC) (three species), species complex (FCAMSC) (three species), species complex (FCSC) (eight species), species complex (FCCSC) (five species) and the species complex (FCOSC) (four species). New species include from soil (Zimbabwe), and from soil associated with (Netherlands). New combinations include and Newly validated taxa include , , , and .

First report of rust caused by on and in Japan.

Liebm. and Schott. (Araceae) have been cultivated for the commercial production in Hachijo Island, Tokyo, Japan, since the 1950s.

Revision of the ' Phytoplasma' species description guidelines.

The genus ' Phytoplasma' was proposed to accommodate cell wall-less bacteria that are molecularly and biochemically incompletely characterized, and colonize plant phloem and insect vector tissues. This provisional classification is highly relevant due to its application in epidemiological and ecological studies, mainly aimed at keeping the severe phytoplasma plant diseases under control worldwide. Given the increasing discovery of molecular diversity within the genus '.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284-1382.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from coastal sea sand. , on soil, on dead wood, from roots and leaves of and from capsules of , (incl. gen.

: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell.

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family . Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded.

Identification of a Proline-Kinked Amphipathic α-Helix Downstream from the Methyltransferase Domain of a Potexvirus Replicase and Its Role in Virus Replication and Perinuclear Complex Formation.

Characterized positive-strand RNA viruses replicate in association with intracellular membranes. Regarding viruses in the genus , the mechanism by which their RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (replicase) associates with membranes is understudied. Here, by membrane flotation analyses of the replicase of Plantago asiatica mosaic potexvirus (PlAMV), we identified a region in the methyltransferase (MET) domain as a membrane association determinant.

Complete nucleotide sequence of chrysanthemum mosaic-associated virus, a novel emaravirus infecting chrysanthemum.

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of chrysanthemum mosaic-associated virus (ChMaV), a putative new member of the genus Emaravirus. The ChMaV genome comprises seven negative-sense RNA segments (RNAs 1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, and 6), and the amino acid sequences of its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNA1), glycoprotein precursor (RNA2), nucleocapsid protein (RNA3), and movement protein (RNA4) showed the closest relationship to pear chlorotic leaf spot-associated virus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it clusters with emaraviruses whose host plants originate from East Asia.

First report of pear chlorotic leaf spot-associated virus on Japanese and European pears in Japan and its detection from an eriophyid mite.

In May 2018, three leaf samples were collected from Japanese pear trees cv. "Hosui" that exhibited typical chlorotic spot symptoms (Supplementary Figure S1) in a germplasm nursery in Tsukuba, Ibaraki. Total RNA was prepared using the rapid CTAB method (Gambino et al.

Perilla Mosaic Virus Is a Highly Divergent Emaravirus Transmitted by sp. (Acari: Eriophyidae).

Shiso ( var. ) is widely grown as an important vegetable or herb crop in Japan. Beginning around the year 2000, occurrences of severe mosaic symptoms on shiso were documented and gradually spread across Kochi Prefecture, one of four major shiso production areas in Japan.

Genetic and Biochemical Diversity for N-acylhomoserine Lactone Biosynthesis in the Plant Pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum.

The plant pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) regulates the expression of virulence factors by N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated quorum sensing. The LuxI family protein, ExpI, catalyzes AHL biosynthesis in Pcc.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 868-950.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , and on leaves, , and on leaves, and on leaves, on leaves, on litter of regenerating subtropical rainforest, (incl. gen. nov.

Taxonomic annotation of public fungal ITS sequences from the built environment - a report from an April 10-11, 2017 workshop (Aberdeen, UK).

Recent DNA-based studies have shown that the built environment is surprisingly rich in fungi. These indoor fungi - whether transient visitors or more persistent residents - may hold clues to the rising levels of human allergies and other medical and building-related health problems observed globally. The taxonomic identity of these fungi is crucial in such pursuits.

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Transcription Start Sites and Promoter Motifs of Phytoplasmas.

Phytoplasmas are obligate intracellular parasitic bacteria that infect both plants and insects. We previously identified the sigma factor RpoD-dependent consensus promoter sequence of phytoplasma. However, the genome-wide landscape of RNA transcripts, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and RpoD-independent promoter elements, was still unknown.

Description of two three-gendered nematode species in the new genus Auanema (Rhabditina) that are models for reproductive mode evolution.

The co-existence of males, females and hermaphrodites, a rare mating system known as trioecy, has been considered as an evolutionarily transient state. In nematodes, androdioecy (males/hermaphrodites) as found in Caenorhabditis elegans, is thought to have evolved from dioecy (males/females) through a trioecious intermediate. Thus, trioecious species are good models to understand the steps and requirements for the evolution of new mating systems.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 469-557.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: : on sp., on , (incl. gen.

Post-Translational Regulation of the Dicing Activities of Arabidopsis DICER-LIKE 3 and 4 by Inorganic Phosphate and the Redox State.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) generated by two Dicer isoforms, DCL3 and DCL4, function in distinct epigenetic processes, i.e. RNA-directed DNA methylation and post-transcriptional gene silencing, respectively.

Double-stranded RNA-binding protein DRB3 negatively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis by modulating PAP1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has five double-stranded RNA-binding proteins (DRB1-DRB5), two of which, DRB1 and DRB4, are well characterized. In contrast, the functions of DRB2, DRB3 and DRB5 have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we tried to uncover their functions using drb mutants and DRB-over-expressed lines.