308 results match your criteria: "Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy[Affiliation]"

Background: Little is known about rhinitis control in real-life, nor about the contribution of treatment-related and patient-related factors.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the level of rhinitis control and rhinitis medication utilization in patients with persistent rhinitis and to identify predictors of rhinitis control.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in patients with persistent rhinitis recruited in community pharmacies.

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Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Pregnancy, during Lactation and in Neonates: Achievements, Challenges and Future Directions.

Pharmaceutics

April 2024

Bayer HealthCare SAS, Loos, France, on Behalf of Bayer AG, Pharmacometrics/Modeling and Simulation, Systems Pharmacology & Medicine-PBPK, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany.

Obstetric subjects represent a special population in pharmacology [...

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Best Practice for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Infliximab: Position Statement from the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology.

Ther Drug Monit

June 2024

Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Background: Infliximab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody, has revolutionized the pharmacological management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). This position statement critically reviews and examines existing data on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of infliximab in patients with IMIDs. It provides a practical guide on implementing TDM in current clinical practices and outlines priority areas for future research.

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Introduction: Although there is evidence that interprofessional, person-centred, integrated care is important for optimising pharmaceutical care of older people with polypharmacy, this way of working is often not implemented in practice. The aim of this study was to identify common characteristics of successful interprofessional initiatives and factors influencing their implementation, in order to close this know-do gap.

Methods: A qualitative, explorative design with in-depth semi-structured interviews was used.

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Introduction: Breastfeeding is beneficial for the health of the mother and child. However, at least 50% of postpartum women need pharmacotherapy, and this number is rising due to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and pregnancies at a later age. Making informed decisions on medicine use while breastfeeding is often challenging, considering the extensive information gap on medicine exposure and safety during lactation.

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Patients' knowledge, preferences, and perspectives about data protection and data control: an exploratory survey.

Front Pharmacol

February 2024

Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

In the European Union, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) plays a central role in the complex health research legal framework. It aims to protect the fundamental right to the protection of individuals' personal data, while allowing the free movement of such data. However, it has been criticized for challenging the conduct of research.

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Background: To support self-management of chronically ill persons, innovative approaches of care practice are being developed. Unfortunately, many self-management supporting interventions struggle to achieve reliable and consistent improvements at various levels (patient, provider and healthcare system level). One possible strategy to facilitate translating theory into practice, is to consider the healthcare professionals' perspective prior to the development of new interventions.

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A good start is half the battle: Antibiotic IV line residuals in the intensive care unit.

Intensive Crit Care Nurs

June 2024

Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Pharmacy Department, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

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Ceftazidime-related neurotoxicity in a patient with renal impairment: a case report and literature review.

Infection

June 2024

Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.

Purpose: We present the case of a 67-year-old woman with severely reduced renal clearance suffering from ceftazidime-induced encephalopathy. Subsequently, we search the literature to review and describe the neurotoxicity of ceftazidime.

Methods: A search string was developed to search PubMed for relevant cases from which relevant information was extracted.

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Special populations, like geriatric patients, experience altered paracetamol pharmacokinetics (PK), complicating pain management. More PK research is essential to optimize paracetamol (acetaminophen) dosing. Yet, the reference method ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) is not readily available.

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This commentary further reflects on the paper of De Sutter et al. on predicting volume of distribution in neonates, and the performance of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models We hereby stressed the add on value to collaborate on real world data to further close this knowledge gap. We illustrated this by weight distribution characteristics in breastfed (physiology) and in asphyxiated (pathophysiology), with additional reflection on their kidney and liver function.

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Personalized and longitudinal electronic informed consent in clinical trials: How to move the needle?

Digit Health

January 2024

Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Changes in the clinical trials landscape have been driven by advancements in digital technology. The use of electronic informed consent to inform research participants and to obtain their consent electronically has the potential to improve participant-researcher interactions over time, facilitate clinical trial participation, and increase efficiency in clinical trial conduct. A personalized electronic informed consent platform that enables long-term interactions with the research team could function as a tool to empower participant engagement in clinical trials.

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Background And Objectives: Despite the evidence that no other antipsychotic is effective as clozapine for the treatment of resistant schizophrenia, it is associated with various metabolic, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal adverse effects. Guidelines aiming to address the monitoring of clozapine's (serious) adverse effects can be helpful to prevent and treat these effects. However, many of these guidelines seem to lack one or more important monitoring recommendations.

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Introduction: Inappropriate antibiotic use is a major cause of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, optimizing antibiotic usage is essential. In Belgium, optimization of antimicrobials for the fight against multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) is followed up by national surveillance by public health authorities.

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Article Synopsis
  • Infection-related mortality in ICU is high and inadequate beta-lactam antibiotic treatment occurs in about 45% of patients, impacting clinical success.
  • The study developed and validated prediction models using data from ICU patients to forecast beta-lactam target non-attainment, utilizing variables like age, sex, and serum creatinine.
  • The random forest (RF) and logistic regression (LR) models demonstrated strong performance in predicting treatment outcomes, with good discrimination and net benefit, making them useful tools for optimizing antibiotic therapy in critical care settings.
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Background: Over the years, there has been increasing interest in electronic informed consent (eIC) in clinical research. The user-friendliness of an eIC application and its acceptance by stakeholders plays a central role in achieving successful implementation.

Objective: This study aims to identify insights for the design and implementation of a user-friendly, personalized, and long-term eIC application based on a usability study with (potential) research participants and semistructured interviews with stakeholders on the practical integration of such an application into their daily practice.

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Background: Because of the increasing incidence of actinic keratosis (AK), optimal use of limited healthcare resources is essential. Although most patients can be managed in primary care, dermatology referrals are common. More profound knowledge of general practitioners' (GPs) considerations might assist in enhancing AK care.

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Background: Bedside clinical pharmacy prevents drug-related problems, but is not feasible in many countries due to limited resources. Hence, clinical rules using structural information in the electronic health record can help identifying potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs). We aimed to develop and implement a risk-based clinical pharmacy service and evaluate its impact on prescribing at the trauma surgery ward.

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Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling is a bottom-up approach to predict pharmacokinetics in specific populations based on population-specific and medicine-specific data. Using an illustrative approach, this review aims to highlight the challenges of incorporating physiological data to develop postpartum, lactating women and breastfed infant PBPK models. For instance, most women retain pregnancy weight during the postpartum period, especially after excessive gestational weight gain, while breastfeeding might be associated with lower postpartum weight retention and long-term weight control.

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Widening the Prostacyclin Paradigm: Tissue Fibroblasts Are a Critical Site of Production and Antithrombotic Protection.

Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol

January 2024

National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.V., M.E.L.-P., N.C., F.S., B.A.-S., Y.E., J.A.M., N.S.K.).

Background: Prostacyclin is a fundamental signaling pathway traditionally associated with the cardiovascular system and protection against thrombosis but which also has regulatory functions in fibrosis, proliferation, and immunity. Prevailing dogma states that prostacyclin is principally derived from vascular endothelium, although it is known that other cells can also synthesize it. However, the role of nonendothelial sources in prostacyclin production has not been systematically evaluated resulting in an underappreciation of their importance relative to better characterized endothelial sources.

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As antimicrobial resistance becomes more prevalent, the application of (bacterio)phage therapy as an alternative treatment for difficult-to-treat infections is (re)gaining popularity. Over the past decade, numerous promising case reports and series have been published demonstrating the therapeutic potential of phage therapy. However, important questions remain regarding the optimal treatment protocol and, unlike for medicinal products, there are currently no predefined quality standards for the stability of phage preparations.

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Background: Apnoea of prematurity (AOP) is one of the most common diagnoses among preterm infants. AOP often leads to hypoxemia and bradycardia which are associated with an increased risk of death or disability. In addition to caffeine therapy and non-invasive respiratory support, doxapram might be used to reduce hypoxemic episodes and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in preterm infants, thereby possibly improving their long-term outcome.

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The benefits of preventive interventions lack comprehensive evaluation in standard health technology assessments (HTA), particularly for rare and transmissible diseases. To identify possible considerations for future HTA using analogies between the treatment and prevention of rare diseases. An Expert panel meeting assessed whether one HTA assessment framework can be applied to assess both rare disease treatments and preventive interventions.

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Transient receptor potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an ion channel expressed by sensory neurons, where it mediates pain signaling. Consequently, it has emerged as a promising target for novel analgesics, yet, to date, no TRPA1 antagonists have been approved for clinical use. In the present translational study, we utilized dermal blood flow changes evoked by TRPA1 agonist cinnamaldehyde as a target engagement biomarker to investigate the in vivo pharmacology of LY3526318, a novel TRPA1 antagonist.

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