Identification of the biological processes, immune cell landscape, and hub genes shared by acute anaphylaxis and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Patients with anaphylaxis are at risk for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the pathological links between anaphylaxis and STEMI remain unclear. Here, we aimed to explore shared biological processes, immune effector cells, and hub genes of anaphylaxis and STEMI.

Recombinant cell-penetrating trichosanthin synergizes anti-PD-1 therapy in colorectal tumor.

Alleviating immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment is an important strategy to improve immune checkpoint therapy. It is an urgent but unmet need to develop adjuvant therapeutics for assisting the mainstay immunotherapies. Trichosanthin is an approved gynecology drug in China and its immunomodulatory effects have drawn much attention as an old drug for new applications in cancer.

Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 inhibition prevents adverse cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction in mice.

Background And Purpose: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a major consequence of myocardial infarction (MI). The microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1)/PGE pathway has been shown to constrain reperfusion injury after acute myocardial ischaemia. However, it is unknown whether pharmacological inhibition of mPGES-1, a target with lower risk of thrombosis compared with selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, affects chronic cardiac remodelling after MI.

Association between psychomotor function and ALDH2 genotype after consuming barley shochu: A randomized crossover trial.

Sustained exposure to acetaldehyde, the major metabolite of ethanol, may influence psychomotor performance even after the breath ethanol level significantly drops several hours following ethanol consumption. We examined the relationship between psychomotor function and changes in exhaled ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations after consuming a low dose (0.33 g/kg) of barley shochu, a traditional Japanese distilled alcohol beverage, at the point when the exhaled ethanol concentrations dropped below 78,000 parts per billion (0.

Novel Drug Delivery Method Targeting Para-Aortic Lymph Nodes by Retrograde Infusion of Paclitaxel into Pigs' Thoracic Duct.

Gastrointestinal cancer with massive nodal metastases is a lethal disease. In this study, using a porcine model, we infused the anti-cancer drug Paclitaxel (PTX) into thoracic ducts to examine the efficiency of drug delivery to intra-abdominal lymph nodes. We established a technical method to catheterize the thoracic duct in the necks of pigs.

Targeting PDE4B (Phosphodiesterase-4 Subtype B) for Cardioprotection in Acute Myocardial Infarction via Neutrophils and Microcirculation.

Background: Timely and complete restoration of blood flow is the most effective intervention for patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, the efficacy is limited by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. PDE4 (phosphodiesterase-4) hydrolyzes intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate and it has 4 subtypes A-D.

Pharmacokinetics of lanoconazole in human skin after repeated topical application.

Drug disposition after topical application to the skin has not been fully elucidated, especially after repeated application. We conducted a clinical trial to evaluate the pharmacokinetics in the stratum corneum of healthy adults after repeated application of lanoconazole cream as a model drug. We applied 25 mg of 1% lanoconazole cream onto the pre-specified areas on the participants' back once daily for 5 days.

Microvolume Analysis of Aflibercept in Aqueous Humor Using Mass Spectrometry.

Purpose: To develop a microvolume analytical method for measurement of the aflibercept concentration in human intraocular fluid and plasma.

Methods: We analyzed trace amounts of aflibercept in human aqueous humor using Fab-selective proteolysis and nano-surface and molecular-orientation limited (nSMOL) proteolysis, coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Patients with age-related macular degeneration or diabetic macular edema were recruited.

MFN2 Prevents Neointimal Hyperplasia in Vein Grafts via Destabilizing PFK1.

Background: Mechanical forces play crucial roles in neointimal hyperplasia after vein grafting; yet, our understanding of their influences on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation remains rudimentary.

Methods: A cuff mouse model was used to study vein graft hyperplasia. Fifteen percent to 1 Hz uniaxial cyclic stretch (arterial strain), 5% to 1 Hz uniaxial cyclic stretch or a static condition (venous strain) were applied to the cultured VSMCs.

Stage-Dependent Impact of RIPK1 Inhibition on Atherogenesis: Dual Effects on Inflammation and Foam Cell Dynamics.

Atherosclerosis is an arterial occlusive disease with hypercholesterolemia and hypertension as common risk factors. Advanced-stage stenotic plaque, which features inflammation and necrotic core formation, is the major reason for clinical intervention. Receptor interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) mediates inflammation and cell death and is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions.

Inhaled nitric oxide before induction of anesthesia in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the action of inhaled nitric oxide in the patients with pulmonary hypertension administered with a face mask before anesthesia induction.

Methods: Ten adult patients scheduled for heart surgery with sternotomy were included in this prospective, interventional, single centre study. The inclusion criteria were patients scheduled for heart surgery with sternotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), aged >18 years which presents a pulmonary hypertension (PH) (class 2 or 3 according to the Dana Point classification) with systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPS) >40 mmHg diagnosed by preoperative right cardiac catheterization or by transthoracic echocardiography.

Concomitant use of tea catechins affects absorption and serum triglyceride-lowering effects of monoglucosyl hesperidin.

The present study investigated whether combined ingestion of green tea catechins (GTC) and monoglucosyl hesperidin (GHES) influences the pharmacokinetic parameters of polyphenols and serum triglycerides (TG). We conducted 2 randomized, controlled trials. Study 1: 8 healthy male subjects participated in a crossover study in which they ingested a test beverage containing GHES (0, 84, 168, or 336 mg GHES) with GTC, or 336 mg GHES without GTC.

Mental pain as a global person-centered outcome measure.

Background: Mental pain has been proposed as a global person-centered outcome measure. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to test an essential requisite of such a measure, namely that mental pain incorporates independent contributions from a range of discrete but disparate outcome measures.

Methods: Two hundred migraine patients were assessed concerning migraine disability, psychosomatic syndromes, mental pain, depression, anxiety, and psychosocial dimensions.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo- and positive-controlled crossover study of the effects of durlobactam on cardiac repolarization in healthy subjects.

Durlobactam (formerly ETX2514) is a diazabicyclooctane β-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits class A, C, and D β-lactamases. Sulbactam combined with durlobactam has in vitro and in vivo activity against Acinetobacter baumannii including carbapenem- and colistin-resistant isolates and is being developed for treating serious infections due to A. baumannii.

Predictive Value of ERCC1 mRNA Level from Receiver-Operator Characteristic and Pretreatment EBV-DNA Virus Load in Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Receiving Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy with Concurrent Cisplatin.

The molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance are still poorly understood in nasopharyngeal cancer. The protein expression of ERCC1 in DNA repair genes has been reported related to resistance platinum and predicting treatment outcomes in various malignant carcinomas, but the benefit for predicting outcomes with optimal cutoff value of ERCC1mRNA is controversial. The level of plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA is positively correlated with clinical stages of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Phytochemical and Psychotropic Research of Motherwort ( L.) Modified Dry Extracts.

The prospect of creating a new medicine with psychotropic activity is shown as a result of studying the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of modified dry extracts of motherwort ( L.) tincture. The most promising substances were the dry extracts, modified by adding small amounts of arginine, valine, phenylalanine, glycine, lysine, and alanine.

Sirolimus for treatment of patients with inclusion body myositis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept, phase 2b trial.

Background: Inclusion body myositis is the most frequent myositis in patients older than 50 years. Classical immunosuppressants are ineffective in treating inclusion body myositis, and to date there are no recommendations for pharmacological approaches to treatment. When used after organ transplantation, sirolimus can block the proliferation of effector T cells, while preserving T regulatory cells, and induce autophagy, all of which are processes that are impaired in inclusion body myositis.

Impact of magnesium supplementation, in combination with vitamin B6, on stress and magnesium status: secondary data from a randomized controlled trial.

Primary findings from a recent study reported that magnesium supplementation significantly reduced stress in severely stressed subjects with low magnesemia, and additional vitamin B6 enhanced this effect. The mechanism by which combining magnesium and vitamin B6 leads to reduced stress in these subjects remains to be elucidated. This secondary analysis investigated the impact of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation and perceived stress on erythrocyte magnesium levels, as a marker of body magnesium status.

[Prognostic analysis of drug-eluting stent implantation and coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease complicated with chronic renal failure].

Objective: To analyze the long-term prognosis of undergoing drug-eluting stent implantation (DES) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with unprotected left main (ULM) coronary artery disease complicated with chronic renal failure (CRF).

Methods: Patients with UML coronary artery disease complicated with CRF admitted to the department of cardiology intensive care unit (ICU) and cardiac surgery ICU of Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were enrolled. According to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the patients were divided into two layers, and the clinical characteristics of DES patients and CABG patients were analyzed.

The cyclic adenosine monophosphate elevating medicine, forskolin, reduces neointimal formation and atherogenesis in mice.

Neointimal formation and atherogenesis are major vascular complications following percutaneous coronary intervention, and there is lack of pharmacological therapy. This study was aimed to examine the effect of forskolin (FSK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-elevating agent, on vascular response to angioplasty wire injury and on atherogenesis in mice. Forskolin treatment reduced neointima formation at 7 and 28 days after wire injury.

Mental pain and pain-proneness in patients with migraine: results from the PAINMIG cohort-study.

Background: Pain has been qualified under four categories: nociception, perception of pain, suffering, and pain behaviors. Most of the literature on migraine has devoted attention to the first two. The aim of the present cohort study was to investigate patients with migraine enrolled at a tertiary care unit to study suffering and mental pain and identify potential risk factors for migraine.

Cardiovascular Biology of Prostanoids and Drug Discovery.

Prostanoids are a group of bioactive lipids that are synthesized de novo from membrane phospholipid-released arachidonic acid and have diverse functions in normal physiology and disease. NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), which are among the most commonly used medications, ameliorate pain, fever, and inflammation by inhibiting COX (cyclooxygenase), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic cascade of prostanoids. The use of NSAIDs selective for COX-2 inhibition increases the risk of a thrombotic event (eg, myocardial infarction and stroke).

Correlation between UGT1A1 gene polymorphism and irinotecan chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a study from Guangxi Zhuang.

Background: There are obviously ethnic differences between the UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms. Due to the difference of genetic background and environment, the treatment with colorectal cancer patients of Guangxi Zhuang should not completely follow the Euramerican or Chinese han patients. The study aimed to explore the correlation of UGT1A1 gene polymorphism of Guangxi Zhuang metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with irinotecan -based chemotherapy, in order to develop an individualized irinotecan regimen for mCRC patients of Guangxi Zhuang.

Drug Discovery for Coronary Artery Disease.

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although cholesterol-lowering drugs, including statins and recently approved PCSK9 inhibitors, together with antithrombotic drugs have been historically successful in reducing the occurrence of coronary artery disease (CAD), the high incidence of CAD remains imposing the largest disease burden on our healthcare systems. We reviewed cardiovascular drugs recently approved or under clinical development, with a particular focus on their pharmacology and limitations.