2,389 results match your criteria: "Clinical Pathology: Hematopathology"

Article Synopsis
  • A study was conducted to evaluate peripheral blood smear review practices among pathologists across various institutions, as standardized criteria for these reviews are lacking.
  • The survey, developed by the Society for Hematopathology, was answered by 137 out of 725 members, revealing that most pathologists analyze 5 to 20 smears daily and utilize clinical data in their reviews.
  • Results indicated a mix of laboratory-initiated and clinician-requested reviews, emphasized the importance of smear review in pathology training, and highlighted areas for potential improvements based on respondents' experiences.
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Pediatric T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas but not leukemias harbor TRB::NOTCH1 fusions with unfavorable outcome.

Blood

September 2024

Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster Study Center, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.

T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) have common and distinguishing clinical and molecular features. Molecular prognostic factors are needed for T-LBL. We assessed the prevalence and prognostic impact of the T-cell receptor β (TRB)::NOTCH1 fusion in 192 pediatric patients with T-LBL and 167 pediatric patients with T-ALL, using novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction and genomic capture high-throughput sequencing techniques.

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Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), agents that stimulate T-cell function, have become the standard first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, they may also cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which are rare and have not been extensively reported. Here, we describe a case of severe febrile neutropenia and pancytopenia after atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (atezo/bev) therapy and its treatment course.

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Article Synopsis
  • Burkitt lymphoma is marked by high cell turnover and lipid droplets, while diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) also contains lipid droplets but with less clarity; this study confirms LD presence in DLBCL using various staining techniques.
  • A cohort study of 52 DLBCL patients revealed that the presence of lipid droplets correlates with poorer prognosis and higher International Prognostic Index (IPI) scores, signifying a worse outcome for patients.
  • Additional findings from whole exome and transcriptome analyses indicate that LD-positive DLBCL might share genetic features with specific subtypes and suggest that lipogenic genes could serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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  • Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a genetically diverse disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of immature blood cells and disruption of normal blood cell production.
  • Recent studies have shown that different types of myeloid cells, traditionally thought not to produce immunoglobulins (Ig), actually express all five classes of Ig, indicating a unique role in AML.
  • AML-derived Ig is associated with negative clinical outcomes, suggesting its potential as a new biomarker for risk assessment and treatment strategies in patients with AML.
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  • Epstein Barr virus-positive (EBV+) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified (NOS) is a serious type of B-cell lymphoma linked to EBV infection, with prognosis improving due to advancements in chemoimmunotherapy since its inclusion in the WHO classification in 2016.
  • Diagnosis relies on detailed pathological evaluation, primarily through detecting EBV-encoded RNA (EBER), with guidelines suggesting that a majority of malignant cells should express EBER for a definitive diagnosis.
  • Risk assessment tools like the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and the Oyama score help determine patient outlook, and management typically follows that of EBV-negative DLBCL, although patients may have a worse prognosis, underscoring
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Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is an aggressive renal malignancy with limited diagnostic and therapeutic consensus. We report a case of a 69-year-old male with CDC and extensive coagulative necrosis who presented with lower extremity swelling, abdominal distention, and an enlarged left kidney causing grade IV hydronephrosis. Initial treatment with a left percutaneous nephrostomy was followed by clinical deterioration and a diagnosis of emphysematous pyelonephritis.

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Context.—: In 2022, 2 distinct guidelines for the diagnosis of myeloid neoplasms became available: the 5th edition of the World Health Organization guideline (WHO2022) solely and the International Consensus Classification (ICC). Despite major overlap, there are important differences that can have important implications.

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Updates on germline predisposition in pediatric hematologic malignancies: What is the role of flow cytometry?

Cytometry B Clin Cytom

September 2024

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.

Hematologic neoplasms with germline predisposition have been increasingly recognized as a distinct category of tumors over the last few years. As such, this category was added to the World Health Organization (WHO) 4th edition as well as maintained in the WHO 5th edition and International Consensus Classification (ICC) 2022 classification systems. In practice, these tumors require a high index of suspicion and confirmation by molecular testing.

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Article Synopsis
  • Atypical lymphoplasmacytic and immunoblastic proliferation (ALPIBP) was first identified in 1984 in lymph nodes linked to autoimmune diseases but lacks a clear definition and understanding.
  • A review of peer-reviewed literature revealed 55 cases of ALPIBP, predominantly affecting older women, with common diagnoses including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
  • There is a need for increased awareness of ALPIBP among pathologists and clinicians to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatments related to hematological malignancies.
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Duodenal type follicular lymphoma (DFL), a rare entity of follicular lymphoma (FL), is clinically indolent and is characterized by a low histological grade compared with nodal follicular lymphoma (NFL). Our previous reports revealed that DFL shares characteristics of both NFL and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in terms of clinical and biological aspects, suggesting its pathogenesis may involve antigenic stimulation. In contrast to NFL, the genomic methylation status of DFL is still challenging.

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Application and pitfalls of immunophenotyping in challenging plasma cell neoplasms: A case series.

Hum Pathol

August 2024

Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignant plasma cell neoplasm, representing the second most common hematopoietic cancer. As plasma cell neoplasms are clonal and often secrete a monoclonal protein (M-spike), laboratory diagnosis is usually straightforward, especially when ancillary studies such as immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and protein electrophoresis are available in addition to microscopic examination. Despite the repertoire of diagnostic tools, rare cases pose diagnostic dilemmas, especially when reagent antibodies do not react as expected, extent of disease is patchy, or when disease occurs in unique age groups.

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Introduction: Fluorescence hybridization (FISH) is an essential ancillary study used to identify clinically aggressive subsets of large B-cell lymphomas that have , or rearrangements. Small-volume biopsies such as fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and core needle biopsy (CNB) are increasingly used to diagnose lymphoma and obtain material for ancillary studies such as FISH. However, the performance of FISH in small biopsies has not been thoroughly evaluated or compared to surgical biopsies.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Researchers used a multiomic approach on tumor samples from 444 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients, combining gene analysis methods to identify a signature predictive of high early clinical failure risk.
  • * The study found that this signature, which includes ARID1A mutations, accurately predicted 45% of early clinical failures and could significantly influence future treatment strategies.
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Purpose: This phase II clinical trial evaluated the combination of ibrutinib with rituximab, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin (R-GemOx) in patients with nongerminal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Patients And Methods: The IBDCL trial (NCT02692248) included patients with histologic diagnosis of non-GCB DLBCL with relapsed or refractory disease and non-candidates for stem-cell transplantation. Patients received an induction treatment consisting of six or eight cycles of R-GemOx at standard doses every 2 weeks, in combination with ibrutinib (560 mg daily), followed by a maintenance treatment with ibrutinib for a maximum of 2 years.

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Real world predictors of response and 24-month survival in high-grade TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasms.

Blood Cancer J

June 2024

Department of Pathology, Sections of Hematopathology and Genomic Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

Current therapies for high-grade TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasms (≥10% blasts) do not offer a meaningful survival benefit except allogeneic stem cell transplantation in the minority who achieve a complete response to first line therapy (CR1). To identify reliable pre-therapy predictors of complete response to first-line therapy (CR1) and outcomes, we assembled a cohort of 242 individuals with TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasms and ≥10% blasts with well-annotated clinical, molecular and pathology data. Key outcomes examined were CR1 & 24-month survival (OS24).

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Tyrosine kinase (TK) fusions are frequently found in cancers, either as initiating events or as a mechanism of resistance to targeted therapy. Partner genes and exons in most TK fusions are followed typical recurrent patterns, but the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of these patterns are poorly understood. By developing Functionally Active Chromosomal Translocation Sequencing (FACTS), we discover that typical TK fusions involving ALK, ROS1, RET and NTRK1 are selected from pools of chromosomal rearrangements by two major determinants: active transcription of the fusion partner genes and protein stability.

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Mutational Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes for Lung Adenocarcinoma With EGFR Germline Mutations.

J Thorac Oncol

October 2024

Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas. Electronic address:

Introduction: Germline mutations driving lung cancer have been infrequently reported in the literature, with EGFR T790M being a known germline mutation identified in 1% of NSCLCs. Typically, a somatic EGFR mutation is acquired to develop lung adenocarcinoma. Osimertinib has become a standard-of-care treatment for EGFR T790M-positive lung cancer.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Results showed that there is a wide variation in TM teaching hours across medical schools, with some dedicating less than 2 hours and others more than 4 hours.
  • * No significant correlation was found between the number of TM teaching hours and pretest scores among trainees, suggesting a need to improve the content and consistency of TM education in undergraduate programs.
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Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive hematodermic neoplasm usually involving the skin. In this retrospective case series, 10 cases of BPDCN were identified, 90% of which had skin involvement and exhibited predominantly violaceous nodules and/or bruise-like plaques. Skin lesions showed diffuse or nodular dermal-based infiltrates of intermediate sized blasts with a grenz zone.

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