A Core Outcome Set for nutritional intervention studies in older adults with malnutrition and those at risk: a study protocol.

Background: Malnutrition (i.e., protein-energy malnutrition) in older adults has severe negative clinical consequences, emphasizing the need for effective treatments.

Management of acute mesenteric ischaemia: Results of a worldwide survey.

Background: Acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) is a condition with high mortality. This survey assesses current attitudes and practices to manage AMI worldwide.

Methods: A questionnaire survey about the practices of diagnosing and managing AMI, endorsed by several specialist societies, was sent to different medical specialists and hospitals worldwide.

Survey of healthcare professionals' experiences of care delivery in patients with chronic intestinal failure: ATLAS of Variance.

Background And Aim: Chronic intestinal failure (IF) is a rare but life-altering condition, care delivery of which is complex. The ATLAS Programme was initiated in 2016 to increase disease awareness and address inconsistencies in delivery of care across Europe. We describe the results of a non-interventional study that aimed to explore how adult patients with chronic IF are managed across Europe.

U-shaped association of serum uric acid with cardiovascular disease risk scores and the modifying role of sex among Chinese adults.

Background And Aims: Serum uric acid (SUA) is involved in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, information on the dose-response relationship between SUA and CVD is limited in the Chinese population. This study aimed to investigate the potential nonlinear dose-response association of SUA with CVD risk in a Chinese population and to explore the effect of sex on these associations.

Characteristics of inflammatory response and repair after experimental blast lung injury in rats.

Background And Objectives: Blast-induced lung injury is associated with inflammatory, which are characterised by disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier, haemorrhage, pulmonary infiltrateration causing oedema formation, pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release, and anti-inflammatory counter-regulation. The objective of the current study was to define sequence of such alterations in with establishing blast-induced lung injury in rats using an advanced blast generator.

Methods: Rats underwent a standardized blast wave trauma and were euthanised at defined time points.

The Association Between the Clinical Frailty Scale and Adverse Health Outcomes in Older Adults in Acute Clinical Settings - A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Frail older adults experience higher rates of adverse health outcomes. Therefore, assessing pre-hospital frailty early in the course of care is essential to identify the most vulnerable patients and determine their risk of deterioration. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a frailty assessment tool that evaluates pre-hospital mobility, energy, physical activity, and function to generate a score that ranges from very fit to terminally ill.

Contrasting Carbohydrate Quantity and Quality and the Effects on Plasma Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: It is unclear whether moderate differences in dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality influence plasma FAs in the lipogenic pathway in healthy adults.

Objectives: We investigated the effects of different carbohydrate quantities and quality on plasma palmitate concentrations (primary outcome) and other saturated and MUFAs in the lipogenic pathway.

Methods: Twenty healthy participants were randomly assigned, and 18 (50% women; age: 22-72 y; BMI: 18.

ESPEN practical guideline: Home parenteral nutrition.

This guideline will inform physicians, nurses, dieticians, pharmacists, caregivers and other home parenteral nutrition (HPN) providers, as well as healthcare administrators and policy makers, about appropriate and safe HPN provision. This guideline will also inform patients requiring HPN. The guideline is based on previous published guidelines and provides an update of current evidence and expert opinion; it consists of 71 recommendations that address the indications for HPN, central venous access device (CVAD) and infusion pump, infusion catheter and CVAD site care, nutritional admixtures, program monitoring and management.

Patients, family members and healthcare professionals' top ten research priorities for adults receiving home parenteral nutrition for malignant or benign disease.

Background & Aims: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is the primary treatment for chronic intestinal failure (CIF) due to non-malignant disease and is increasingly used in patients with a diagnosis of cancer. This project engaged with patients, family members and healthcare professionals to ascertain what questions they want researched.

Methods: This study followed the five-stage process of the James Lind Alliance that involved (1) setting up a steering group, (2) carrying out an initial survey to gather participants' questions, (3) data processing, (4) an interim priority setting survey and (5) final priority setting workshop.

Changes in the global, regional, and national burdens of NAFLD from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019.

Background: Understanding the burdens and trends of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is necessary for developing effective intervention strategies. In this study, Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study data were extracted and analyzed to elucidate trends of NAFLD.

Methods: The prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life year (DALY), and death rates of NAFLD in geographic populations worldwide from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the GBD 2019 study data.

Multimodal prehabilitation for major surgery in elderly patients to lower complications: protocol of a randomised, prospective, multicentre, multidisciplinary trial (PREHABIL Trial).

Introduction: The global volume of surgery is growing and the population ageing, and economic pressure is rising. Major surgery is associated with relevant morbidity and mortality. Postoperative reduction in physiological and functional capacity is especially marked in the elderly, multimorbid patient with low fitness level, sarcopenia and malnutrition.

Reduced Fat Taste Sensitivity in Obese Japanese Patients and Its Recovery after a Short-Term Weight Loss Program.

Fat taste has recently attracted attention as the 'sixth taste.' However, the relationship between fat and sweet taste in Japanese obesity has not yet been examined, and no reports have ascertained whether improvement of fat taste can be obtained by weight loss. Patients were recruited into obesity group (BMI≥30 kg/m; n=15) or control group (BMI<25 kg/m; n=11).

The Norwegian Directorate of Health recommends malnutrition screening tool (MST) for all adults.

Background & Aims: Malnutrition is underdiagnosed and undertreated in Norway. In a revision of a national guideline on malnutrition, the Norwegian Directorate of Health aimed for a harmonization and standardization of the malnutrition screening practice, including a recommendation of one malnutrition screening tool to be used among all adults in Norwegian health and care services.

Methods: A working group was appointed by the Norwegian Directorate of Health.

Defining terms commonly used in sarcopenia research: a glossary proposed by the Global Leadership in Sarcopenia (GLIS) Steering Committee.

Methods: The aim of this paper is to define terms commonly related to sarcopenia to enable standardization of these terms in research and clinical settings. The Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS) aims to bring together leading investigators in sarcopenia research to develop a single definition that can be utilized worldwide; work on a global definition of sarcopenia is ongoing. The first step of GLIS is to develop the common terminology, or a glossary, that will facilitate agreement on a global definition of sarcopenia as well as interpretation of clinical and research findings.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus and SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric and adult patients - Data from the DPV network.

Background: Data on patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections are sparse. This study aimed to investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and T1DM.

Methods: Data from the Prospective Diabetes Follow-up (DPV) Registry were analyzed for diabetes patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Luxembourg during January 2020-June 2021, using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-square tests for continuous and dichotomous variables, adjusted for multiple testing.

Pulmonary Oedema after Blast-Induced Rat Lung Injury: Time Dependency, Blast Intensity and Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Role.

Objective: Current treatments for blast-induced lung injury are limited to supportive procedures including mechanical ventilation. The study aimed to investigate the role of post-trauma-induced oedema generation in the function of time and trauma intensity and the probable role of beta 2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) agonists on pulmonary oedema. The study is conducted using an ex vivo model after an experimental in vivo blast-induced thorax trauma in rats.

Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Persons Residing in Nursing Homes.

Purpose: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important patient-related outcome for the assessment of interventions and treatments in older people. Understanding underlying mechanisms for HRQoL is crucial for improving care, rehabilitation and symptom relief. This study examined the associations between HRQoL and frailty, sarcopenia, dependence of ADL, physical function and nutritional status in older nursing home (NH) residents.

Variation of NK, NKT, CD4 T, CD8 T cells, and IL-17A by CalliSpheres microspheres-transarterial chemoembolization in refractory liver metastases patients.

Immune environment plays an important role in the management of liver cancer. The current study aimed to explore the change of NK and NKT cells, IL-17A, CD4 T and CD8 T cells in refractory liver metastases patients before and after CalliSpheres microspheres transarterial chemoembolization (CSM-TACE). Peripheral blood (PB) samples from 35 refractory liver metastases patients were collected before CSM-TACE (baseline), 2 days (D2) and 5 days (D5) after CSM-TACE.

Circulating fatty acids from high-throughput metabolomics platforms as potential biomarkers of dietary fatty acids.

Background: Some fatty acids, i.e. n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), from metabolomics platforms based on nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR) or liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) are suggested to reflect dietary exposure.

mutations cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with sensory and cognitive deficits that can be reversed in infantile mice.

The nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway in hypothalamic neurons plays a key role in the regulation of the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is crucial for reproduction. We hypothesized that a disruption of neuronal NO synthase (NOS1) activity underlies some forms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on a cohort of 341 probands with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism to identify ultrarare variants in .

Association between the metabolic profile of serum fatty acids and diabetic nephropathy: a study conducted in northeastern China.

Background And Purpose: With the progressive increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetic nephropathy (DN) - one of the most common chronic microvascular complications - has evolved into a significant cause of death worldwide among end-stage renal disease patients. Academic researchers have for decades focused on the development of DN and recently found that free fatty acids (FFAs) constituted an independent risk factor for vascular complications in T2DM patients. It is therefore critical to determine whether the metabolic profile of FFAs is related to DN.

Long-term survival following fungal catheter-related bloodstream infection for patients with intestinal failure receiving home parenteral support.

Background: A fungal-related catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is less frequent than those induced by bacteria. In the past, a single episode of fungal CRBSI has been used as a marker of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) failure and thus a possible indication for intestinal transplantation.

Methods: Survival outcomes were assessed from a prospectively maintained database of patients initiated on HPN for underlying chronic intestinal failure between 1993 and 2018, with a censoring date of December 31, 2020.