Suppression of NF-κB and downstream XBP1 by DcR3 contributes to a decrease in antibody secretion.

Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a soluble receptor in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, regulates the functions of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that DcR3 suppresses B cell proliferation in vitro and ameliorates autoimmune diseases in animal models; however, whether and how DcR3 regulates antibody production is unclear. Using a DcR3 transgenic mouse model, we found that DcR3 impaired the T cell-dependent antigen-stimulated antibody response.

EZH2 coordinates memory B-cell programming and recall responses.

Antigen-experienced memory B-cells (MBC) are endowed with enhanced functional properties compared to naïve B cells and play an important role in the humoral response. However, the epigenetic enzymes and programs that govern their rapid differentiation are incompletely understood. Here, the role of the histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase EZH2 in the formation of MBC in response to an influenza infection was determined in Mus musculus.

CD3+ T-cell: CD14+ monocyte complexes are dynamic and increased with HIV and glucose intolerance.

Persistent systemic inflammation is associated with an elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the characteristics of the innate and adaptive immune systems in individuals who develop these conditions remain poorly defined. Doublets, or cell-cell complexes, are routinely eliminated from flow cytometric and other immune phenotyping analyses, which limits our understanding of their relationship to disease states.

Targeting the NPY/NPY1R signaling axis in mutant p53-dependent pancreatic cancer impairs metastasis.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly metastatic malignancy. More than 80% of patients with PC present with advanced-stage disease, preventing potentially curative surgery. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system, best known for its role in controlling energy homeostasis, has also been shown to promote tumorigenesis in a range of cancer types, but its role in PC has yet to be explored.

Virulent African swine fever virus infection of porcine monocytes causes SLA I subversion due to loss of proper ER structure/function.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus of the Asfarviridae family that causes a fatal hemorrhagic disease in domestic swine and wild boar. Infections with moderately virulent strains predominantly result in a milder clinical course and lower lethality. As target cells of ASFV, monocytes play a crucial role in triggering T-cell-mediated immune defense and ASF pathogenesis.

Depletion of eosinophils during sensitization but not challenge phase in mice blocks the development of food allergy early in life.

Food allergy can be life threatening and often develops early in life, especially in infants and children with atopic dermatitis. Food allergy is induced in neonatal mice with skin barrier mutations (Flaky Tail, FT+/- mice with filaggrin and mattrin gene mutations) by epicutaneous sensitization with co-exposures to the food allergen peanut extract (PNE), the environmental allergen Alternaria alternata (Alt), and detergent (4% SDS); oral PNE-challenge induces anaphylaxis. Sensitization in these neonates also induces eosinophil infiltration into the skin and elevates skin expression of eotaxins (CCL11 and CCL24).

Modulation of germinal center and antibody dynamics via ipsilateral versus contralateral immunization against SARS-CoV-2.

Human clinical trials have reported immunological outcomes can differ between ipsilateral (same side) and contralateral (alternate sides) prime-boost vaccination. However, our mechanistic understanding of how keeping or shifting the anatomical sites of immunization impacts the resultant germinal centers (GCs) and antibody responses is limited. Here, we use an adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine to dissect GC dynamics in draining lymph nodes and serological outcomes following ipsilateral or contralateral prime-boost vaccination in C57BL/6 mice.

What is the value of testing for tick-borne diseases in cattle in endemic areas? A case study of bovine anaplasmosis.

Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease (TBDs) caused by Anaplasma spp. In areas where TBDs are endemic, it is crucial to consider the animals' immunological status in relation to these diseases. The true prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis, the percentage of animals with protective antibodies against this TBD, and the diagnostic characteristics of three tests (multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), and blood smear (BS)) were estimated using a Bayesian approach.

Virulence profile of pathogenic yeasts from snakes: Alternative ways for antifungal strategies.

Reptiles may act as reservoirs or spreaders of potential pathogenic microorganisms including Candida yeasts. While the epidemiology of yeast species has been thoroughly studied, the virulence profile of isolated species is not well investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the haemolytic, phospholipase, lipase activities and biofilm formation of yeasts isolated from the cloacal swabs of venomous snakes from Marrakech, Morocco (Group I, n = 40) and from non-venomous snakes from Cocullo, Italy (Group II, n = 32).

Menadione reduces the expression of virulence- and colonization-associated genes in .

Novel treatment options are needed for the gastric pathogen due to its increasing antibiotic resistance. The vitamin K analogue menadione has been extensively studied due to interest in its anti-bacterial and anti-cancer properties. Here, we investigated the effects of menadione on growth, viability, antibiotic resistance, motility and gene expression using clinical isolates.

Re-Evaluating the Use of Glyphosate-based Herbicides: Implications on Fertility.

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely used herbicides in the United States, accounting for 19% of estimated global use. Although the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has reaffirmed that the active ingredient glyphosate (GLY) is safe for humans, recent studies on exposure have suggested association with cancer, metabolic disorders, endocrine disruption and infertility, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and psychological disorders. Current literature on the effects of GLY exposure on reproductive function suggests potential clinical implications on women's reproductive health, including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, infertility, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Recent insights on phage therapy against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a prevalent clinical pathogen commonly found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR), causing serious to life-threatening infections, particularly hospital-acquired infections with limited therapeutic options. The MDR phenotype developed against this critical pathogen is increasingly developed globally, reaching a pan-drug-resistant phenotype conferring non-susceptibility to all antimicrobials used in its treatment according to the standard guidelines. Therefore, it is critical to develop innovative treatment approaches, such as phage therapy, considering the rise in drug-resistant A.

Dietary risk factors in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: a cohort study with paired healthy relatives as controls.

Purpose: Conflicting results have been reported on dietary factors in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Here, we compared the dietary intakes of IBD patients with those of paired healthy relatives (HRs), aiming to minimize the impact of genetic and environmental confounders.

Methods: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD, N = 45) and ulcerative colitis (UC, N = 20), their paired HRs (N = 45, N = 20) and healthy non-relative (HNR, N = 25, N = 55) controls were recruited.

Role of RB51 vaccine in cow milk contamination of traditional milk sales centers.

Brucellosis poses a major health and economic challenge in endemic areas, especially in Iran. This study aimed to determine the strains and epidemiological features of Brucella isolated from raw milk at traditional milk sales centers in western Iran. A total of 208 raw milk samples were collected from 104 dairy sales centers in Hamadan province during two sampling periods in 2023.

Increased mortality and morbidity risk in people with early HIV care interruption in Spain, 2004-2023.

Objective: We assessed the association between early HIV medical care interruption (MCI) and the development of AIDS-defining events (ADEs), serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs), and death among people with HIV (PWH) from the CoRIS cohort.

Design: We included antiretroviral-naive individuals aged at least 18 years at enrollment, recruited between 1 January 2004 and 30 May 2021, and followed-up until 30 November 2023.

Methods: Early MCI was defined as a time interval over 15 months between two consecutive visits, where the first of these visits occurred within the first 15 months of enrollment.

Correlation between periodontal status, whole salivary interleukin-1beta levels and oral yeasts carriage among individuals with varying ranges of body mass index.

The aim was to assess the correlation between periodontal status, whole salivary interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels and oral yeasts carriage (OYC) among individuals with varying ranges of body mass index (BMI).  Material and method: The weight, waist circumference (WC), and height of individuals were assessed. Participants were categorized into three groups: Group-1 - normal weight (18.

Iatrogenic Primary Hypothyroidism Associated With Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim Treatment of Nocardiosis in a Cat.

A 9-year-old mixed breed cat with a history of recurrent ulcerated skin lesions was diagnosed with nocardiosis. Three months after initiating potentiated sulfonamide treatment, the cat developed goitrous hypothyroidism, characterized by palpable enlargement of both thyroid lobes, low serum concentrations of total thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (fT4), and high serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration. Thyroid scintigraphy identified symmetrical enlargement of both thyroid lobes, with increased radionuclide (Tc-pertechnetate) uptake.

Protothecosis in Dogs: A Narrative Review.

Protothecosis is a rare and unusual disease that affects both humans and animals, including dogs. The causative agents are unicellular, achlorophyllous, "yeast-like" microalgae of the genus Prototheca (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). Although usually saprophytic, Prototheca may, under conditions of immunologic compromise, become pathogenic and even lethal to the host.

Infection by Clonally Related Isolates: The Role of Drinking Water.

Rationale: group bacteria (MABS) cause lethal infections in people with chronic lung diseases. Transmission mechanisms remain poorly understood; the detection of dominant circulating clones (DCCs) has suggested potential for person-to-person transmission.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the role of drinking water in the transmission of MABS.

Pharmacokinetics of Ampicillin-Sulbactam in Azotemic and Non-Azotemic Dogs.

Previous research has shown that azotemic dogs have a lower clearance and higher drug plasma concentrations of ampicillin compared to healthy dogs. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin-sulbactam after multiple intravenous doses in hospitalized azotemic and non-azotemic dogs. This prospective study included 29 client-owned dogs; 19 azotemic and 10 non-azotemic.

Inflammatory Stimuli and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Accelerate Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in Transgenic Mice, Accompanied by Changes in the Microbiota Composition.

An association between gut microbiota and the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been previously described. To better understand the bacterial microbiota changes accompanying PDAC promotion and progression stimulated by inflammation and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), we investigated stool and pancreatic microbiota by 16s RNA-based metagenomic analysis in mice with inducible acinar transgenic expressions of KrasG12D, and age- and sex-matched control mice that were exposed to inflammatory stimuli and fecal microbiota obtained from mice with PDAC. Time- and inflammatory-dependent stool and pancreatic bacterial composition alterations and stool alpha microbiota diversity reduction were observed only in mice with a Kras mutation that developed advanced pancreatic changes.

Evaluation of the effects of regulatory T cells on survival outcomes in patients with acute leukemia who developed febrile neutropenia.

ObjectivesAcute leukemia often leads to severe complications such as febrile neutropenia. Mortality rates remain high, underscoring the need for novel prognostic markers. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have not been extensively studied in this context.

The Microbiome in Asthma Heterogeneity: The Role of Multi-Omic Investigations.

Asthma is one of the most prevalent and extensively studied chronic respiratory conditions, yet the heterogeneity of asthma remains biologically puzzling. Established factors like exogenous exposures and treatment adherence contribute to variability in asthma risk and clinical outcomes. It is also clear that the endogenous factors of genetics and immune system response patterns play key roles in asthma.

Pneumococcal genotype 23B1 as a driver of increased 23B serotype carriage, penicillin non-susceptibility, and invasive disease in Belgium: a retrospective analysis.

serotype 23B, a non-vaccine serotype, has shown an increasing prevalence and penicillin non-susceptibility among carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) isolates. Recently, a novel penicillin non-susceptible genotype has emerged, named 23B1. In the framework of the Belgian pneumococcal carriage study, we studied the prevalence of 23B/23B1 among 586 23B strains (2016-2022) in 172 day care centers from 6- to 30-month-old children and among 130 pediatric 23B IPD isolates (2007-2021).