GBA1 T369M and Parkinson's disease - Further evidence of a lack of association in the Swedish population.

Variants in GBA1 are important genetic risk factors in Parkinson's disease (PD). GBA1 T369M has been linked to an ∼80 % increased PD risk but the reports are conflicting and the relevance of GBA1 variants in different populations varies. A lack of association between T369M and PD in the Swedish population was recently reported but needs further validation.

Neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein in mood and anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are biomarkers of neuronal injury measurable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Despite their potential as diagnostic tests for neurodegenerative disorders, it is unclear how they behave in mood and anxiety disorders. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether NfL and GFAP concentrations were altered in adults with mood and anxiety disorders compared to healthy controls.

A comprehensive head-to-head comparison of key plasma phosphorylated tau 217 biomarker tests.

Plasma phosphorylated-tau 217 (p-tau217) is currently the most promising biomarker for reliable detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Various p-tau217 assays have been developed, but their relative performance is unclear. We compared key plasma p-tau217 tests using cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of amyloid-β (Aβ)-PET, tau-PET, and cognition as outcomes, and benchmarked them against cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker tests.

Phosphorylated tau in cerebrospinal fluid-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by brain aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) proteins. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be isolated and studied for potential roles in disease. While several studies have tested plasma-derived EVs in AD, few have analyzed EVs from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which are potentially more closely related to brain changes.

A (sub)field guide to quality control in hippocampal subfield segmentation on high-resolution T-weighted MRI.

Inquiries into properties of brain structure and function have progressed due to developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To sustain progress in investigating and quantifying neuroanatomical details in vivo, the reliability and validity of brain measurements are paramount. Quality control (QC) is a set of procedures for mitigating errors and ensuring the validity and reliability of brain measurements.

Unveiling the hippocampal subfield changes across the Alzheimer's disease continuum: a systematic review of neuroimaging studies.

Studies exploring the hippocampal subfield atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown contradictory results. This review aims to disentangle such heterogeneity by investigating the dynamic changes of hippocampal subfields across the AD continuum. We systematically searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for case-control studies.

Individualized, cross-validated prediction of future dementia using cognitive assessments in people with mild cognitive symptoms.

Introduction: We aimed to develop an algorithm to predict the individualized risk of future dementia using brief cognitive tests suitable for primary care.

Methods: We included 612 participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study, assessed for at least 4 years or until progression to dementia. A logistic regression model, using cognitive tests as predictors and dementia progression as an outcome, stratified participants into low, intermediate, or high risk.

A scoping review of remote and unsupervised digital cognitive assessments in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

Subtle cognitive changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) are difficult to detect using traditional pen-and-paper neuropsychological assessments. Remote and unsupervised digital assessments can improve scalability, measurement reliability, and ecological validity, enabling the detection and monitoring of subtle cognitive change. Here, we evaluate such tools deployed in preclinical AD samples, defined as cognitively unimpaired individuals with abnormal levels of amyloid-β (Aβ), or Aβ and tau.

IPECAD Modeling Workshop 2023 Cross-Comparison Challenge on Cost-Effectiveness Models in Alzheimer's Disease.

Objectives: Decision-analytic models assessing the value of emerging Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments are challenged by limited evidence on short-term trial outcomes and uncertainty in extrapolating long-term patient-relevant outcomes. To improve understanding and foster transparency and credibility in modeling methods, we cross-compared AD decision models in a hypothetical context of disease-modifying treatment for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD.

Methods: A benchmark scenario (US setting) was used with target population MCI due to AD and a set of synthetically generated hypothetical trial efficacy estimates.

Challenges in the practical implementation of blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.

Blood biomarkers have emerged as accessible, cost-effective, and highly promising tools for advancing the diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease. However, transitioning from cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers to blood biomarkers-eg, to verify amyloid β pathology-requires careful consideration. This Series paper highlights the main challenges in the implementation of blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in different possible contexts of use.

Consensus recommendations for clinical assessment tools for the diagnosis of posterior cortical atrophy syndrome from the Atypical AD PIA of ISTAART.

Introduction: Delay in diagnosis of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) syndrome is common, and the lack of familiarity with assessment tools for identifying visual cortical dysfunction is a contributing factor. We propose recommendations for the approach to the evaluation of PCA clinical features during the office visit, the neuropsychological evaluation, and the research setting. A recommended screening battery for eye clinics is also proposed.

Structural brain correlates of sustained attention in healthy ageing: Cross-sectional findings from the LEISURE study.

Sustained attention is important for maintaining cognitive function and autonomy during ageing, yet older people often show reductions in this domain. The role of the underlying neurobiology is not yet well understood, with most neuroimaging studies primarily focused on fMRI. Here, we utilise sMRI to investigate the relationships between age, structural brain volumes and sustained attention performance.

Synergistic association of Aβ and tau pathology with cortical neurophysiology and cognitive decline in asymptomatic older adults.

Animal and computational models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) indicate that early amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits drive neurons into a hyperactive regime, and that subsequent tau depositions manifest an opposite, suppressive effect as behavioral deficits emerge. Here we report analogous changes in macroscopic oscillatory neurophysiology in the human brain. We used positron emission tomography and task-free magnetoencephalography to test the effects of Aβ and tau deposition on cortical neurophysiology in 104 cognitively unimpaired older adults with a family history of sporadic AD.

Integrating amyloid and tau imaging with proteomics and genomics in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau in the brain. Breakthroughs in disease-modifying treatments targeting Aβ bring new hope for the management of AD. But to effectively modify and someday even prevent AD, a better understanding is needed of the biological mechanisms that underlie and link Aβ and tau in AD.

Resting-state EEG correlates of sustained attention in healthy ageing: Cross-sectional findings from the LEISURE study.

While structural and biochemical brain changes are well-documented in ageing, functional neuronal network differences, as indicated by electrophysiological markers, are less clear. Moreover, age-related changes in sustained attention and their associated electrophysiological correlates are still poorly understood. To address this, we analysed cross-sectional baseline electroencephalography (EEG) and cognitive data from the Lifestyle Intervention Study for Dementia Risk Reduction (LEISURE).

Association of Vascular Risk Factors and Cerebrovascular Pathology With Alzheimer Disease Pathologic Changes in Individuals Without Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Vascular risk factors (VRFs) and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) are common in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). It remains unclear whether this coexistence reflects shared risk factors or a mechanistic relationship and whether vascular and amyloid pathologies have independent or synergistic influence on subsequent AD pathophysiology in preclinical stages. We investigated links between VRFs, cSVD, and amyloid levels (Aβ) and their combined effect on downstream AD biomarkers, that is, CSF hyperphosphorylated tau (P-tau), atrophy, and cognition.