Metabolomics analyses and comparative insight to neuroprotective potential of unripe fruits and leaves of Citrus aurantium ethanolic extracts against cadmium-induced rat brain dysfunction: involvement of oxidative stress and akt-mediated CREB/BDNF and GSK3β/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Serious neurological disorders were associated with cadmium toxicity. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective impacts of the ethanolic extracts of Citrus aurantium unripe fruits and leaves (CAF and CAL, respectively) at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg against cadmium chloride-provoked brain dysfunction in rats for 30 consecutive days. HPLC for natural pigment content revealed that CAF implied higher contents of Chlorophyll B, while the CAL has a high yield of chlorophyll A and total carotenoid.

Prehabilitation Outcomes in Surgical Oncology Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Control Trials.

Background: Prehabilitation has been increasingly utilized to optimize perioperative outcomes. In this study, we aim to evaluate the impact of uni- and multimodal prehabilitation on functional capacity and postoperative outcomes among surgical oncology patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

Patients And Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane) were systematically searched up until December 2023.

A New Approach of Detecting Fusion Oncogenes by RNA Sequencing Exon Coverage Analysis.

Background: In clinical practice, various methods are used to identify gene rearrangements in tumor samples, ranging from "classic" techniques, such as IHC, FISH, and RT-qPCR, to more advanced highly multiplexed approaches, such as NanoString technology and NGS panels. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, but they share the drawback of detecting only a restricted (although sometimes quite extensive) set of preselected biomarkers. At the same time, whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS, RNAseq) can, in principle, be used to detect gene fusions while simultaneously analyzing an incomparably wide range of tumor characteristics.

ABO gene polymorphism and COVID-19 severity: The impact on haematological complications, inflammatory markers, and lung lesions.

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the connection between an intronic variant in the ABO gene (rs657152) and the severity of COVID-19 in terms of clinical symptoms, haematological complications, inflammatory markers, and lung lesions.

Methods: After applying exclusion criteria, the study included 240 patients divided into 3 groups: 88 Outpatients, 84 Ward-hospitalized, and 68 ICU-admitted/failed patients. The tetra-ARMS PCR method was used to genotype ABO polymorphism in the patient.

Bioinformatic and clinical experimental assay uncovers resistance and susceptibility mechanisms of human glioblastomas to temozolomide and identifies new combined and individual survival biomarkers outperforming promoter methylation.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal central nervous system (CNS) tumor. The treatment strategy is mainly surgery and/or radiation therapy, both combined with adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. Historically, methylation of gene promoter is used as the major biomarker predicting individual tumor response to TMZ.

Exploring yeast glucans for vaccine enhancement: Sustainable strategies for overcoming adjuvant challenges in a SARS-CoV-2 model.

Vaccine adjuvants are important for enhancing vaccine efficacy, and although aluminium salts (Alum) are the most used, their limited ability to induce specific immune responses has spurred the search for new adjuvants. However, many adjuvants fail during product development due to manufacturability, supply, stability, or safety concerns. This work hypothesizes that protein-free yeast glucans can be used as vaccine adjuvants due to their known immunostimulatory activity and high abundancy.

A Clinical Study on Severity of Dry Eye in Individuals with Pterygium at a Tertiary Hospital in South Kerala.

Purpose: To assess the severity of dry eye in individuals with pterygium in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 70 individuals with pterygium who were attending the outpatient department of ophthalmology. Objective dry eye tests were done, including Schirmer's tests 1 and 2, tear film breakup time, and tear meniscus height (TMH).

The DHODH inhibitor teriflunomide impedes cell proliferation and enhances chemosensitivity to daunorubicin (DNR) in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological tumor that requires novel treatment strategies, especially for relapsed/refractory cases. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, has been identified as a potential target for tumors. Besides, Teriflunomide (TRF) is a DHODH inhibitor with anticancer effects; however, its role in T-ALL remains poorly understood.

Adherence to resistance training and hypocaloric diet among persons near retirement age - A secondary data analysis of three randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: Adherence to lifestyle interventions is crucial for the treatment of obesity. However, there is little research about adherence to lifestyle interventions in persons around retirement age. The objectives of this study are (1) to identify factors associated with the adherence to resistance training and a hypocaloric diet and (2) to describe the association between adherence and changes in body composition outcome parameters.

One-year evaluation of people recovering from COVID-19 receiving allied primary healthcare: A nationwide prospective cohort study.

Background: A Dutch nationwide prospective cohort study was initiated to investigate recovery trajectories of people recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and costs of treatment by primary care allied health professionals.

Objectives: The study described recovery trajectories over a period of 12 months and associated baseline characteristics of participants recovering from COVID-19 who visited a primary care allied health professional. It also aimed to provide insight into the associated healthcare and societal costs.

Long-Term Health Outcomes of Huntington Disease and the Impact of Future Disease-Modifying Treatments: A Decision-Modeling Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) such as gene therapy are currently under investigation as a potential treatment for Huntington disease (HD). Our objective was to estimate the long-term natural history of HD progression and explore the potential efficacy impacts and value of a hypothetical DMT using a decision-analytic modeling framework.

Methods: We developed a health state transition model that separately analyzed 40-year-old individuals with prefunctional decline (PFD, HD Integrated Staging System [HD-ISS] stage <3, total functional score [TFC] 13), active functional decline Shoulson and Fahn category 1 (SF1, HD-ISS stage 3, TFC 13-11), and SF2 (HD-ISS stage 3, TFC 10-7).

Patients' Acceptance of Glaucoma Therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Prcis: Patients' acceptance of glaucoma therapy was high overall in this study, but lower for surgery than for laser or medical therapy. Fear and cost were the leading reasons why patients declined recommended therapy and they were treatment-specific. Cost was the primary reason for declining medical and laser therapy, while fear was the most common reason for declining surgical therapy.

Development of artificial intelligence-driven biosignal-sensitive cardiopulmonary resuscitation robot.

Aim Of The Study: We evaluated whether an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven robot cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) could improve hemodynamic parameters and clinical outcomes.

Methods: We developed an AI-driven CPR robot which utilizes an integrated feedback system with an AI model predicting carotid blood flow (CBF). Twelve pigs were assigned to the AI robot group (n = 6) and the LUCAS 3 group (n = 6).

Novel Gd-DTPA-peptide for targeted breast tumor magnetic resonance imaging.

The prevalence of breast cancer underscores the imperative for early diagnosis in guiding treatment decisions. This study introduces a novel contrast agent, Gd-DTPA-VGB3, derived from the peptide VGB3 targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR1) and VEGFR2, to enhance the contrast of conventional drug Magnevist in breast tumor MRI. The MRI contrast agent was synthesized on rink amide resin via Fmoc strategy, incorporating amino acids, and coupling to diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA).

Business case for psychosocial interventions in clinics: potential for decrease in treatment discontinuation and costs.

Research Question: From a value-based healthcare (VBHC) perspective, does an assessment of clinical outcomes and intervention costs indicate that providing cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or mindfulness to women seeking fertility treatment add value compared with no such intervention?

Design: Proof-of-concept business case based on a VBHC perspective that considers clinical outcomes and costs. Potential effects on psychological and fertility outcomes were based on existing research. Cost outcomes were estimated with a costing model for the Dutch fertility treatment setting.

Integration of a Community Opioid Treatment Program Into a Federally Qualified Health Center.

Objectives: With the increasing rates of opioid overdose deaths in the United States, barriers to treatment access for patients seeking medications for opioid use disorder (OUD), and challenges of initiating buprenorphine in patients who use fentanyl, it is essential to explore novel approaches to expanding access to methadone treatment. An opioid treatment program (OTP) and a federally qualified health center (FQHC) partnered to develop and implement an innovative integrated methadone and primary care treatment model. The process for integrating an OTP and FQHC to provide methadone treatment in the primary care setting will be discussed.

Pan-cancer experimental characteristic of human transcriptional patterns connected with telomerase reverse transcriptase () gene expression status.

The gene encodes the reverse transcriptase subunit of telomerase and is normally transcriptionally suppressed in differentiated human cells but reactivated in cancers where its expression is frequently associated with poor survival prognosis. Here we experimentally assessed the RNA sequencing expression patterns associated with transcription in 1039 human cancer samples of 27 tumor types. We observed a bimodal distribution of expression where ∼27% of cancer samples did not express and the rest showed a bell-shaped distribution.

Advances and applications of crosslinked electrospun biomacromolecular nanofibers.

Electrospinning is a technology for fabricating ultrafine fibers from natural or synthetic polymers that have novel or enhanced functional properties. These fibers have found applications in a diverse range of fields, including the food, medicine, cosmetics, agriculture, and chemical industries. However, the tendency for electrospun nanofibers to dissociate when exposed to certain environmental conditions limits many of their practical applications.