Divergent Presentation of GRIN2B Neurodevelopmental Disorder in Monozygotic Twins: Case Report with Unique Imaging Phenotypes.

We describe a set of monozygotic twins with Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate Type Subunit 2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder (GRIN2B-ND) who exhibited distinct clinical and imaging characteristics due to a de novo heterozygous pathogenic variant in the gene (c.2453T > C, p.Met818Thr).

Multiparametric Ultrasound Assessment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Beyond Nerve Cross-sectional Area.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), the most common mononeuropathy, results from compression of the median nerve within the fibro-osseous carpal tunnel. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical evaluation and confirmed by nerve conduction studies. However, ultrasound (US) has emerged as a valuable noninvasive adjunct for CTS confirmation, offering potential advantages over electrodiagnostic testing in terms of patient comfort and diagnostic accuracy.

Ultrasound Speckle Tracking Method Based on Gradient Optical Flow to Quantify Small Longitudinal Displacement, Shear and Longitudinal Strain in Peripheral Nerves.

Objective: This study aimed to develop, validate and test the clinical feasibility of ultrasound (US) speckle tracking method based on gradient optical flow for quantifying small longitudinal displacements, shear and strain in peripheral nerves.

Methods: The speckle tracking method was validated using seven thawed, fresh-frozen isolated cadaveric forearms. Longitudinal motion of the median nerve was captured using a high-frequency 22 MHz linear probe.

Developing a Clinical Service in Interventional Radiology: Results from the 2024 CIRSE Clinical Practice Survey.

Purpose: Engaging in clinical service development is a prerequisite for Interventional Radiology (IR) to prosper as a full clinical discipline. The CIRSE Clinical Services in IR Task Force conducted a survey of CIRSE members worldwide to assess the current status of their clinical practice and to identify areas of practice requiring further support.

Materials And Methods: An online questionnaire with 63 structured items was sent to 7,501 CIRSE members in November 2023.

Idarubicin-loaded drug-eluting microspheres transarterial chemoembolization for intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma: safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics.

Background: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the treatment of choice for the intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Doxorubicin remains the most used chemotherapeutic agent in TACE, although screening has demonstrated that idarubicin exhibits greater cytotoxicity against HCC. This study aimed to evaluate safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of idarubicin-loaded drug-eluting microspheres TACE (DEMIDA-TACE) in intermediate stage HCC patients.

Emergency and prophylactic uterine artery embolization in gynecology and obstetrics - a retrospective analysis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of emergency and prophylactic uterine artery embolization (UAE) in our clinical practice, including technical success, clinical success, and associated complications.

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed 64 women who underwent emergency ( =18) and prophylactic ( = 46) UAE. Indications for emergency UAE included postpartum hemorrhage or severe hemorrhage during pregnancy termination, while prophylactic UAE was performed prior to surgical removal of retained products of conception (RPOC), delivery with abnormal placental implantation, or pregnancy termination (cervical pregnancy or fetal anomalies accompanied by abnormal placental implantation).

The Outcome of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients with Different Genetic Variants Associated with Obesity: A Systematic Review.

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) effectively treats obesity and related comorbidities, though individual responses vary. This systematic review examines how genetic variants influence MBS outcomes in morbidly obese patients. A comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library identified 1572 studies, with 52 meeting the inclusion criteria.

Prognostic factors for overall survival and safety of trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with irinotecan-loaded drug-eluting beads (DEBIRI) in patients with colorectal liver metastases.

Background: Transarterial chemoembolisation with irinotecan-loaded drug-eluting beads (DEBIRI TACE) can be considered in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) who progress after all approved standard therapies or in patients unsuitable for systemic therapy.

Patients And Methods: Between September 2010 and March 2020, thirty patients (22 men and 8 women; mean age 66.8 ± 13.

Rapidly Growing and Ruptured Great Saphenous Vein Aneurysm in a Liver Transplant Patient.

Venous aneurysms are rare vascular malformations that can lead to significant clinical complications, including thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, rupture, and even fatal outcomes when not promptly and adequately managed. This case report presents a liver transplant patient under immunosuppressive therapy who developed a rapidly progressing great saphenous vein aneurysm, ultimately requiring urgent surgical intervention due to acute bleeding from the ruptured aneurysm. Immunosuppression emerges as a potential key factor in the formation and rapid growth of the aneurysm, with the pathophysiological mechanism potentially involving increased expression of specific matrix metalloproteinases.

The Impact of Biomarkers on the Early Detection of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia.

Background: acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening condition that is caused by inadequate blood flow through the mesenteric vessel and is related to high mortality rates due to systemic complications. This study aims to systematically review the available literature concerning the major findings of possible biomarkers for early detection of acute mesenteric ischemia in the human population.

Methods: studies that measured the performance of biomarkers during acute mesenteric ischemia were identified with the search of PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane library.

Pediatric nasal chondromesenchymal hamartomas: a case series.

Purpose: Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartomas (NCMH) are rare, predominantly benign tumors of the sinonasal tract. The distinction from higher grade malignancy may be challenging based on imaging features alone. To increase the awareness of this entity among radiologists, we present a multi-institutional case series of pediatric NCMH patients showing the varied imaging presentation.

Case Report: Multiple prolactinomas in a young man with Kallmann syndrome and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia.

Introduction: The occurrence of prolactinomas in sex hormone treated patients with central hypogonadism is extremely rare.

Case Presentation: We present a Caucasian male patient who was diagnosed with Kallmann syndrome (KS) at age 15 years. Testosterone treatment was started.

Zero-Fluoroscopy Catheter Ablation of Supraventricular Tachycardias in the Pediatric Population.

Catheter ablation (CA) of supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) is conventionally performed with the aid of X-ray fluoroscopy. Usage of a three-dimensional (3D) electro-anatomical mapping (EAM) system and intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) enables zero-fluoroscopy ablation, eliminating the harmful effects of radiation. We retrospectively analyzed the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of zero-fluoroscopy radiofrequency and cryoablation of various types of SVTs in pediatric patients.

Endovascular treatment of traumatic penile arteriospongious fistula in a patient with erectile dysfunction: a case report and literature review.

Background: An arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal communication between an artery and a vein. Traumatic penile arteriospongious fistula is a rare complication and has been described as a cause of erectile dysfunction. Clinical evaluation of patients with erectile dysfunction after penile trauma includes a thorough history, physical examination, vascular assessment, and other complementary exams.

Current Insights Regarding Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease (IFALD): A Narrative Review.

Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a spectrum of liver disease including cholestasis, biliary cirrhosis, steatohepatitis, and gallbladder disease in patients with intestinal failure (IF). The prevalence of IFALD varies considerably, with ranges of 40-60% in the pediatric population, up to 85% in neonates, and between 15-40% in the adult population. IFALD has a complex and multifactorial etiology; the risk factors can be parenteral nutrition-related or patient-related.

Does tumor rupture during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy have an impact on mid-term tumor recurrences?

Background: Intraoperative kidney tumor rupture (TR) can occur during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in daily clinical practice, but there are no solid guidelines on the management and implications of it. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of TR on tumor recurrences, what a surgeon should do if this adverse event occurs, and how to avoid it.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the first 100 patients who underwent RAPN at University Medical Centre Ljubljana, between 2018 and 2021.

ADC values as a biomarker of fetal brain maturation.

Background: During the period of fetal development, myelination plays a key role and follows specific time and spatial sequences. The water content in the brain is inversely proportional to myelination - the more myelinated the brain, the lower the water content in it. The diffusion of water molecules can be quantitatively assessed using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).

Comparing CT and MR Properties of Artificial Thrombi According to Their Composition.

This study aims to determine whether and to what extent the structure and composition of thrombi can be assessed using NMR and CT measurements. Seven different thrombus models, namely, six RBC thrombi with hematocrit levels (HTs) of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% and one platelet thrombus model, were analyzed using proton NMR at 100 MHz and 400 MHz, with measurements of and NMR relaxation times and measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). In addition, the thrombus models were CT-scanned in a dual-energy mode (80 kV and 140 kV) and in a single-energy mode (80 kV) to measure their CT numbers.

Pediatric Interventional Neuroradiology: Opportunities and Challenges.

Pediatric interventional neuroradiology (PINR) is a relatively new field of diagnostic and therapeutic care in the pediatric population that has seen considerable advances in recent decades. However, it is still lagging behind adult interventional neuroradiology due to a variety of reasons, including the lack of evidence validating pediatric-specific procedures, the relative absence of pediatric-specific equipment, and the challenges in establishing and maintaining PINR competencies in a relatively small number of cases. Despite these challenges, the number and variety of PINR procedures are expanding for a variety of indications, including unique pediatric conditions, and are associated with reduced morbidity and psychological stigma.

Application of Virtual Reality Systems in Bone Trauma Procedures.

: Bone fractures contribute significantly to the global disease and disability burden and are associated with a high and escalating incidence and tremendous economic consequences. The increasingly challenging climate of orthopaedic training and practice re-echoes the established potential of leveraging computer-based reality technologies to support patient-specific simulations for procedural teaching and surgical precision. Unfortunately, despite the recognised potential of virtual reality technologies in orthopaedic surgery, its adoption and integration, particularly in fracture procedures, have lagged behind other surgical specialities.

Correlation between diffusion tensor indices and fascicular morphometric parameters of peripheral nerve.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that measures the anisotropy of water diffusion. Clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanners enable visualization of the structural integrity of larger axonal bundles in the central nervous system and smaller structures like peripheral nerves; however, their resolution for the depiction of nerve fascicular morphology is limited. Accordingly, high-field strength MRI and strong magnetic field gradients are needed to depict the fascicular pattern.

Radiologic Evaluation of Portosystemic Shunts in Humans and Small Animals: Review of the Literature with Clinical Case Reports.

The portal venous system is a network of vessels that carry blood from the capillary beds of the major abdominal organs to the liver. During embryology, the portal venous system can develop aberrantly, leading to vascular connections between the portal and systemic venous circulation known as portosystemic shunts. The purpose of this comparative review with a few short representative case reports was to present the similarities and differences in portosystemic shunts in humans and small animals and their radiologic evaluation.