Molecular Mechanisms Affecting Statin Pharmacokinetics after Bariatric Surgery.

According to recent data, one in eight people in the world struggle with obesity. Obesity management is increasingly dependent on bariatric surgical interventions, as the combination of lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy could have a modest long-term effect. Surgery is recommended only for individuals whose body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m and ≥ 35 kg/m in the presence of weight-related comorbidities.

The Reasons for the Low Uptake of New Antidiabetic Drugs with Cardiovascular Effects-A Family Doctor Perspective.

Chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), are difficult to manage because they demand continuous therapeutic review and monitoring. Beyond achieving the target HbA1c, new guidelines for the therapy of T2D have been introduced with the new groups of antidiabetics, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1ra) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-in). Despite new guidelines, clinical inertia, which can be caused by physicians, patients or the healthcare system, results in T2D not being effectively managed.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Cannabidiol in Croatia among Students, Physicians, and Pharmacists.

Due to cannabidiol's health benefits and absence of serious side effects, its use is constantly growing. This is a survey-based cross-sectional study that was conducted to determine Croatian pharmacists', physicians', and students' knowledge and attitudes about cannabidiol (CBD). Two questionnaires were created, one for students and the other for physicians and pharmacists.

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Scoring in a Pediatric Population.

In recent years, the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux has risen, especially among pediatric patients. The diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux relies on patient history and clinical assessment using the Reflux Finding Score and Reflux Symptom Index as crucial diagnostic tools. Some studies have proposed a link between pepsin and laryngopharyngeal reflux, potentially triggering palatine tonsil hypertrophy.

International perspective on physician knowledge, attitude and practices related to medical cannabis.

Background: The trends of recreational use of cannabis and use of cannabis for medical indications (i.e. "medical cannabis") have grown in recent years.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND PATOHISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THYROID CANCER.

Available studies report conflicting results on the association of body mass index (BMI) and pathohistological features of thyroid cancer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BMI and the pathohistological features of different thyroid cancer types. We analyzed the following data from 95 patients with thyroid cancer: age, gender, BMI, pathohistological characteristics of cancer (tumor size, multifocality, lymphovascular invasion, extrathyroidal invasion) and the presence of regional metastases.

Prehabilitation of overweight and obese patients with dysglycemia awaiting bariatric surgery: Predicting the success of obesity treatment.

Bariatric surgery offers the best health results in overweight and obese patients but is not a risk and/or complication-free treatment. In cases with additional hyperglycemia, the burden of surgery can be even higher and alter both short-term and long-term outcomes. Although bariatric surgery offers glycemic improvements and in the case of early onset diabetes disease remission, weight loss results are lower than for obese patients without diabetes.

Pretreatment hearing grades and hearing recovery outcomes after primary hyperbaric oxygen treatment in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Introduction: Previous studies suggest the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) but it is mostly used as an adjuvant and salvage treatment. This study evaluated the effect of primary HBOT according to pretreatment hearing grades and hearing recovery outcomes using modified Siegel's criteria in patients with ISSNHL.

Methods: Fifty-nine ISSNHL patients treated with only HBOT were included.

Effects of 8-week increment aerobic exercise program on bone metabolism and body composition in young non-athletes.

Purpose: The effects of aerobic exercise on bone metabolism are still unclear. Thus, the main goal of this study was to explore if there was an effect of the short-term aerobic exercise program on the bone remodeling process and if there were sex differences in the effect of the training program on bone metabolism.

Methods: Twenty-one participants (men and women) aged 20-23 performed an 8-week aerobic exercise program three times per week in 1-h sessions with increases in the exercise load every 2 weeks.

A Rare Case of Posttraumatic Bilateral BPPV Presentation.

A rare case of a 38-year-old female patient who developed benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) three weeks after head trauma is presented. The disease manifested bilaterally, which is not uncommon posttraumatically, but in this case, it manifested itself as canalithiasis of the posterior canal on both sides and cupulolithiasis of the right lateral canal, which to our knowledge is a unique and, until now, unpublished case. The aim of this review is to point out the fact that, in such a complex multicanal and bilateral clinical presentation of BPPV, it is not sufficient to perform only positioning but also additional laboratory tests.

SHH-N non-canonically sustains androgen receptor activity in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.

Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer diagnosed in men worldwide. Localized disease can be successfully treated, but advanced cases are more problematic. After initial effectiveness of androgen deprivation therapy, resistance quickly occurs.

Prevalence of Hallucinations in the General Croatian Population.

Background: Hallucinations involve sensing things such as visions, sounds, or smells that seem real but are not. These things are created by the mind. However, little is known about the distribution of incident hallucinations in the community.

COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Croatia: A Population- and Registry-Based Study.

Background: Our objective was to assess the effects of COVID-19 antiepidemic measures and subsequent changes in the function of the health care system on the number of newly diagnosed breast cancers in the Republic of Croatia.

Subjects, Materials, And Methods: We performed a retrospective, population- and registry-based study during 2020. The comparator was the number of patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer during 2017, 2018, and 2019.

Osteopontin Levels in Patients with Squamous Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer.

: Increased osteopontin (OPN) concentrations in the plasma of patients with head and neck squamous cancer (HNSCC) have diagnostic significance, and it can indicate more aggressive biological behavior of cancer. The aim of this study was to determine OPN levels in patients with HNSCC of different primary locations and to assess its prognostic significance in metastasis development. : This cohort study included 45 patients (41 male and 4 female patients) with HNSCC with different primary localization of head and neck.

Influence of vestibular rehabilitation on the recovery of all vestibular receptor organs in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction.

Background: Only a few studies in the literature demonstrate the effect of vestibular rehabilitation (VR) on all vestibular receptor organs. Furthermore, very little evidence of the effect of VR on isolated otolith dysfunction (IOD) is available.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effect of VR on all vestibular receptor organs in patients with different types of unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH).

Covid-19, child and adolescent mental health - Croatian (in)experience.

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused unseen socio-economic changes all over the world, where enormous efforts are being made to preserve lives and maintain functional health systems. A secondary concern is to mitigate the severe economic consequences of the crisis. Different approaches have been adopted with varying outcomes and experiences.

Schizophrenia and creativity.

Creativity is defined as an idea or product that is both novel or original and useful or adaptive. Despite the value of creativity at the personal and societal level, the tendency for creative individuals to suffer from what we would now call mental illness has been noted for thousands of years. In the mid-twentieth century, empirical evidence for the connection between creativity and psychopathology began to emerge.

The first characterized carbapenem-resistant Bacteroides fragilis strain from Croatia and the case study for it.

An imipenem-resistant Bacteroides fragilis strain was isolated from the blood of a 72-year-old male patient with a urinary bladder tumor in Osijek, Croatia. This strain was also resistant to ampicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoxitin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and harbored cfiA, ermF, and tetQ genes where the high-level expression of the cfiA carbapenem-resistant gene was driven by an IS1187 element. Interestingly, despite the carbapenem-resistant feature of the B.

Pulmonary contusions after blunt chest trauma: clinical significance and evaluation of patient management.

Introduction: A pulmonary contusion is an entity defined as alveolar haemorrhage and pulmonary parenchymal destruction after blunt chest trauma. According to the literature, most pulmonary contusions can only be seen on a chest CT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patients with pulmonary contusions, as well as their management, considering diagnostic and therapeutic options related to their outcomes, since we assumed, based on everyday clinical practice, that an 'overdiagnosing' and 'overtreatment' attitude towards this injury could be present.