The Healthy Supermarket Coach: effects of a nutrition peer-education intervention in Dutch supermarkets on adolescents' food purchases.

Background: Dutch adolescents predominantly purchase unhealthy snacks in supermarkets, which negatively influence their health. The aim of this study was to investigate the short- and longer-term effects of a nutrition peer-education intervention in supermarkets on food purchases and determinants of food purchase behaviour among adolescents of different education levels.

Methods: We performed a quasi-experimental study in three supermarkets (two intervention and one comparison school) in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

The modification effect of concentration on the correlation between ambient ozone and psoriasis: a hospital-based time-series study.

The effects of short-term ambient ozone (O) exposure on health outcomes have received growing concerns, but its effects on psoriasis is still unclear. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of short-term exposure to O on psoriasis, and to find out potential modifiers. A hospital-based time-series study with outpatient visit data of psoriasis was performed in Chongqing, the largest metropolitan in Southeast China.

Do coping mechanisms moderate the effect of stressful life events on depression and anxiety in young people? A case-control study from Latin America.

Background: Stressful life events (SLEs) are associated with increased risk of depression or anxiety. Coping mechanisms may moderate this relationship but little is known on this topic in young people or in Latin America.

Aim: To investigate whether coping strategies predict odds of depression and/or anxiety and moderate the relationship between SLEs and depression and/or anxiety in young people in Peru, Lima and Bogotá.

New users of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are at low risk of incident pancreatic cancer: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

Aim: We aimed to investigate whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are associated with a decreased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to other glucose lowering medications (oGLMs).

Methods: This active-comparator, new-user cohort study used the nationwide National Health Insurance Service database of the Republic of Korea from September 2014 to June 2020. From 79,423 new users of SGLT2is and 294,707 new users of oGLMs, we used a propensity score to match 59,954 from each of these two treatment groups.

Factors associated with asthma symptoms in Colombian subpopulations aged 1 to 17 and 18 to 59: Secondary analysis of the study "Prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases in Colombia 2009-2010".

Background: Asthma, a chronic inflammatory lung disease, is one of the leading causes of disability, demands on health resources, and poor quality of life. It is necessary to identify asthma-related risk factors to reduce the presence and development of symptoms.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the association of multiple possible factors with asthma symptoms in two subpopulations, children, adolescents, and adults, in six cities in Colombia.

Pain Coping Skills Training for Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: The HOPE Consortium Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Chronic pain is common among individuals with dialysis-dependent kidney failure.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of pain coping skills training (PCST), a cognitive behavioral intervention, on pain interference.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter randomized clinical trial of PCST vs usual care was conducted across 16 academic centers and 103 outpatient dialysis facilities in the US.

Application of Dragonnet and Conformal Inference for Estimating Individualized Treatment Effects for Personalized Stroke Prevention: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Identifying individuals who would benefit most from preventative interventions, such as antiplatelet therapy, is critical for personalized stroke prevention. However, traditional methods for estimating treatment effects often focus on the average effect across a population and do not account for individual variations in risk and treatment response.

Burden of female-specific cancers in China from 1990 to 2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Breast cancer and reproductive system cancers remain significant public health threats for Chinese women. This study aimed to evaluate the latest epidemiological patterns and trends of four female-specific cancers in China.

Methods: The year- and age-specific estimates of the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) associated with breast, cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers in China from 1990 to 2021 were generated from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2021 study.

Efficacy of delivery of care with Tele-continuous EEG in critically ill patients: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (Tele-cRCT study) study.

Background: Continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) has been recommended in critically ill patients although its efficacy for improving patients' functional status remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Tele-cEEG with Tele-routine EEG (Tele-rEEG), in terms of seizure detection rate, mortality and functional outcomes.

Methods: This study is a 3-year randomized, controlled, parallel, multicenter trial, conducted in eight regional hospitals across Thailand.

Impact of Anticholinergic Burden and Clinical-Demographic Characteristics on Incident Dementia in Parkinson Disease.

Purpose: Anticholinergic medication use measured via the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale has been associated with an increased dementia incidence in older adults but has not been explored specifically for Parkinson disease dementia (PDD). We used adjusted Cox models to estimate the risk of incident PDD associated with demographic factors, clinical characteristics, and time-varying total ACB in a longitudinal, deeply-phenotyped prospective PD cohort.

Major Findings: 56.

Integrating Clinical and Histopathological Data to Predict Delayed Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients Using Machine Learning Techniques.

Given the significant impact of delayed graft function (DGF) on transplant outcomes, the aim of this study was to develop and validate machine learning (ML) models capable of predicting the risk of DGF in deceased-donor kidney transplantation (DDKT). This retrospective cohort study was conducted using clinical and histopathological data collected between 2018 and 2022 at Ramathibodi Hospital from DDKT donors, recipients, and post-implantation time-zero kidney biopsy samples to develop predictive models. The performance of three ML models (neural network, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting [XGBoost]) and traditional logistic regression on an independent test data set was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and Brier score calibration.

Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis by CT as Compared with DXA.

Background: Osteoporosis is commonly evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for bone mineral density (BMD). Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scans provide an alternative for opportunistic osteoporosis assessment. This study aimed to evaluate screening thresholds for osteoporosis based on CT attenuation values in Hounsfield units (HU) of L1-L4 vertebrae from CT scans of the abdominal region, compared to DXA assessments of the lumbar spine and hips.

Chronic cough management: Practical guidelines and PICO-based evidence for treatment.

This part reviews the management of chronic cough and proposes a management algorithm. Despite proven improvements in quality of life following chronic cough treatment, a clear understanding of the disease and the evidence for the efficacy of some treatments remain vague. Eight key questions regarding the treatment in the uncertain areas were systematically addressed based on the PICO framework and applying the GRADE system for evidence synthesis to provide the strength of recommendation and quality of evidence for key questions, with narrative components for the description of other chronic cough treatment including non-pharmacological therapy.

Chronic cough management: Practical guidelines and PICO-based evidence for screening and investigation.

Chronic cough is a common clinical condition requiring comprehensive assessment. This review employs a symptom-focused approach, prioritizing the presenting symptom of "chronic cough" to mirror real-world clinical practice. Ten key questions regarding the investigations in the uncertain areas were systematically addressed based on the PICO framework and applying the GRADE system for evidence synthesis to provide the strength of recommendation and quality of evidence for key questions.

Effect of porcine collagen matrix versus rotated pedicle palatal connective tissue flap on the soft-tissue closure after the immediate posterior implantation: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Soft-tissue defect is commonly seen in immediate maxillary posterior implantation because of tooth extraction wound and tension from bone graft. Bone graft materials exposure has a significant detrimental influence on bone augmentation. However, previous studies lack sufficient evidence to guide wound closure after immediate posterior implantation.

Mitochondrial DNA lineages determine tumor progression through T cell reactive oxygen signaling.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is highly polymorphic, and host mtDNA variation has been associated with altered cancer severity. To determine the basis of this mtDNA-cancer association, we analyzed conplastic mice with the C57BL/6J (B6) nucleus but two naturally occurring mtDNA lineages, and , where mitochondria generate more oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-derived reactive oxygen species (mROS). In a cardiac transplant model, Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells supported long-term allograft survival, whereas Treg cells failed to suppress host T effector (Teff) cells, leading to acute rejection.

Predicting persistent SARS-CoV-2 shedding in immunocompromised patients: a probability-based approach.

Background: Although recommended isolation periods for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been shortened as the pandemic has subsided, prolonged Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) shedding remains common in immunocompromised patients. This study estimated the probability of viral clearance in these patients based on elapsed days and specific risk factors.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled immunocompromised patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis from January 2022 to May 2023 during the Omicron variant era.

Validation of the Thai translation of the attitudes toward euthanasia scale.

In Thailand, euthanasia has been a controversial topic for several decades. The assessment of attitudes toward euthanasia among medical students who will become future medical practitioners is essential for the progression of future legislation and practice. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Attitude Towards Euthanasia scale in the Thai context and measure its validity and reliability.