Development and validation of a novel artificial intelligence algorithm for precise prediction the postoperative prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy, and current postoperative prognostic assessment methods remain unsatisfactory, underlining the urgent to develop a reliable approach for precision medicine. Given the similarities with gametogenesis, cancer/testis genes (CTGs) are acknowledged for regulation unrestrained multiplication and immune microenvironment during oncogenic processes. These processes are associated with advanced disease and poorer prognosis, indicating that CTGs could serve as ideal prognostic biomarkers in ESCC.

Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to describe the microbial characteristics of diabetic foot ulcers at a tertiary medical center in South China.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are characterized by dynamic wound microbiome, the timely and accurate identification of pathogens in the clinic is required to initiate precise and individualized treatment. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been a useful supplement to routine culture method for the etiological diagnosis of DFUs. In this study, we utilized a routine culture method and mNGS to analyze the same DFU wound samples and the results were compared.

An interactive course program on nutrition for medical students: interdisciplinary development and mixed-methods evaluation.

Nutrition plays a crucial role in human and planetary health, as prevailing nutritional patterns significantly contribute to the global non-communicable disease pandemic. Moreover, the global food system is inextricably linked to planetary health deterioration. The relevance of nutrition for individual and planetary health is insufficiently addressed in German medical schools.

Triglyceride glucose-waist circumference as a useful predictor for diabetes mellitus: a secondary retrospective analysis utilizing a Japanese cohort study.

Background And Objective: While the connection between the Triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC) index and the risk of diabetes remains understudied, this particular research delves into the potential predictive value of the TyG-WC index within a significant Japanese population.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study encompassed a comprehensive analysis of 15,413 Japanese adults, all of whom were diabetes-free at the outset of the study period from 2004 to 2015. Comprehensive medical records were obtained for all participants who underwent physical examinations.

Short-term outcomes of open versus laparoscopic surgery in patients with metachronous colorectal cancer.

Background: Few studies have assessed the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic surgery in patients with metachronous colorectal cancer (MCRC). This study aims to evaluate the safety and outcomes of laparoscopic surgery in MCRC patients who have previously undergone colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods: We compared the short-term outcomes of open versus laparoscopic surgery in patients with MCRC between October 2007 and October 2022.

Relationship between handgrip strength and timed up-and-go test on hospitalization costs in older adults: a population-based study.

Background: Weak handgrip strength and slow timed up-and-go (TUG) time are known risk factors for hospitalization among older adults; however, few studies have investigated the relationships between these physical tests and future hospitalization costs.

Methods: We used data from 13,613 participants in the population-based Singapore Chinese Health Study who underwent assessment for handgrip strength and TUG time at a mean age of 74 years. Hospitalization costs for the subsequent year, among those who survived for at least one year thereafter, were ascertained via linkage with administrative healthcare finance data.

The effect of anesthesia on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in adults undergoing cataract surgery: a systematic review.

Background: We systematically reviewed the evidence on the effect of anesthetic methods and drugs on the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after cataract surgery.

Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched for relevant English reports published from 2000 to August 2024. After full-text screening and checking the quality assessment of each article using the JBI checklist, 9 relevant articles were included in this study.

Assessment of the impact of HIV infection on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and pubertal development among adolescent girls at a tertiary centre in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Proper planning of reproductive health needs for HIV-infected adolescents requires a clear understanding of the effects of HIV infection on adolescents' pubertal development.

Objective: To assess the effects of HIV infection on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, ovarian reserve and pubertal development in adolescent girls at a tertiary hospital in Zimbabwe.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of HIV-infected adolescent girls aged 10-19 years, with available CD4 + count results at a tertiary hospital in Zimbabwe.

Association between dietary intake of live microbes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2007-2012.

Background: Diet plays a crucial role in intervening in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet previous studies have not investigated the impact of dietary intake of live microbes on COPD. This study aims to assess the relationship between the two.

Methods: Participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2012 were selected.

Lifestyle scores and their potential to estimate the risk of multiple non-communicable disease-related endpoints: a systematic review.

Background: Lifestyle scores have emerged as a practical tool to assess the risk of major non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, most of them are primarily developed for single NCDs. Given the common risk factors for some of the major NCDs, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the potential of existing lifestyle scores in predicting the risk of multiple NCD-related endpoints.

The impact of oxidative balance on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in US adults and cancer survivors: evidence from NHANES 2001-2018.

Background: Oxidative stress is a crucial pathophysiological mechanism in chronic diseases and mortality. While individual oxidative markers have been studied, the comprehensive impact of oxidative balance on mortality risks remains unclear, particularly among cancer survivors. We aimed to investigate the associations of Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) with mortality in both the general population and cancer survivors.

Evaluation of the association between lymph node ratio and long-term survival in patients after surgery for lymph node-positive bladder cancer: a SEER population-based study with external validation.

Background: The lymph node ratio (LNR) has been recognized as an emerging prognostic biomarker in various malignant tumors. Our study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of LNR in postoperative patients with lymph node-positive bladder cancer.

Methods: This study comprised a total of 3911 eligible patients diagnosed with lymph node-positive bladder cancer.

Prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine: a scoping review.

Background: Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder, and in patients treated with clozapine, it may induce or exacerbate obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), which negatively affect patients' quality of life, functionality and treatment adherence. Despite its clinical relevance, the reported prevalence and characteristics of clozapine associated OCS vary widely, limiting effective management.

Objective: This scoping review synthesizes evidence on the prevalence of OCS in patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine and explores treatment characteristics (types, severity, dose, and time to onset/exacerbation).

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Saudi Arabia: an epidemiological population-based study.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent global health issue affecting millions of patients worldwide, impacting quality of life, impeding physical and psychological well-being, causing financial stress, and increasing mortality rates. This study aimed to highlight the prevalence of CKD and its associated risk factors across Saudi Arabia.

Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from 2015 to 2022, using data from 42 branches of a major network of diagnostic laboratories in Saudi Arabia, covering the country's 13 administrative areas.

Risk factors for silicotuberculosis among miners: a scoping review.

Background: Miners exposed to silica dust are susceptible to silicotuberculosis (STB) outcome - the development of tuberculosis (TB) in miners with silicosis. STB is an important occupational and public health issue in the twenty-first century. This scoping review aimed to map the risk factors associated with STB.

Predictors of specialist care referrals (SCR) following emergency department review or hospital admission in adults with previous acute COVID-19: a prospective UK cohort study.

Background: Long-COVID research to date focuses on outcomes in non-hospitalised vs. hospitalised survivors. However Emergency Department attendees (post-ED) presenting with acute COVID-19 may experience less supported recovery compared to people admitted and discharged from hospital (post-hospitalised group, PH).

Beyond traditional metrics: evaluating the triglyceride-total cholesterol-body weight index (TCBI) in cardiovascular risk assessment.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a non-communicable condition, stands as the primary cause of death globally. This study seeks to evaluate the predictive power of atherogenic indices, which are recognized for their influence on CVD, alongside a newly developed index encompassing all three principal risk factors for CVD, referred to as the triglyceride-total cholesterol-body weight index (TCBI). The primary outcomes evaluated include both the incidence and mortality rates associated with CVD.

High output stoma after surgery for rectal cancer - a risk factor for low anterior resection syndrome?

Purpose: The relationship between high-output stoma (HOS) and low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) was previously unclear. This study investigated the association between HOS and major LARS in rectal cancer patients with preventive stoma.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 653 rectal cancer patients who underwent prophylactic ileostomy reversal after low anterior resection at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between 2018 and 2021.

Incidence and outcomes of dysnatremia in crush injury patients admitted to Türkiye's largest hospital following the Kahramanmaraş earthquake.

Objectives: Dysnatremia is a critical electrolyte disturbance that can significantly impact the prognosis of trauma patients by influencing fluid balance, neurological function, and hemodynamics. Although sodium disorder is common in hospitalized patients, few studies have specifically examined the incidence of dysnatremia in patients presenting to the emergency department for post-earthquake trauma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of dysnatremia and the prognosis of patients with dysnatremia in trauma patients admitted to our center after the Kahramanmaraş earthquake.

The unique association between estimated pulse wave velocity and the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Arteriosclerosis plays a significant role as one of the key pathological mechanisms underlying Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). The estimated Pulse Wave Velocity (ePWV) is used to assess arteriosclerosis, and is considered a potential clinical surrogate for pulse wave velocity. There are no studies on ePWV in relation to DKD.

Associations between oxidative balance scores and heart failure among americans: NHANES (2007-2018).

Background: The relationship between oxidative balance score (OBS) and heart failure (HF) is controversial. The OBS was used to assess systemic oxidative stress status, with higher OBS scores implying exposure to more antioxidants. This study aimed to explore whether OBS is associated with heart failure in US adults.

Evaluation of the effects of short-term PM exposure on triglyceride-glucose metrics in a population in eastern China.

Context: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a novel health indicator, has been widely employed to assess insulin resistance (IR). However, its relationship with fine particulate matter (PM) exposure remains inadequately investigated.

Objective: This study endeavors to probe the association between PM and TyG within the population of eastern China and to determine whether there are disparities in this association among diverse subgroups.

Mortality-related risk factors of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection with focus on antimicrobial regimens optimization: a real-world retrospective study in China.

Objectives: To determine the mortality-related risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection in hospitalized patients and to compare the clinical efficacy of different antimicrobial regimen.

Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from a 3,500-bed regional medical center between January 2021 and June 2022. Mortality-related risk factors were analyzed by the Cox proportional regression model for multivariate analysis.

Fecal carriage of carbapenemase and AmpC-β-lactamase producers among extended spectrum β-Lactamase-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates in patients attending hospitals.

Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE), particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, have been consistently associated with treatment failure, high mortality and morbidity. The emergence of carbapenem resistance among ESBL-PE strains exacerbates the antimicrobial resistance. However, data are very limited in developing countries as Burkina Faso.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis interplay.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are increasingly prevalent cardiovascular conditions, particularly among the elderly population. These two conditions share common risk factors and often coexist, leading to a complex interplay that alters the clinical course of each other. The pathophysiology of HFpEF is multifaceted and intricately linked, with atrial disease serving as a common pathophysiological pathway.