A Preliminary Analysis of a Prosocial Intervention to Support Teachers and Staff Implementing Behavioral Interventions in a Specialized School Setting.

Prosocial is a systems-level intervention framework that incorporates elements of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with Ostrom's core design principles (CDPs) guiding effective organizations and collective action (Ostrom, 1990). We evaluated a Prosocial intervention to support teachers and staff in a specialized school. AB analysis supported improvements in group cohesion and values-behavior alignment during the intervention and pre-post analyses showed significant improvements in psychological flexibility and perceived stress of participants.

Bariatric surgery and alcohol and substance use: A case-control survey study.

Purpose: Studies suggest alcohol and/or other substance misuse may develop after bariatric surgery (BS), but findings are not consistent or conclusive.

Procedures: This cross-sectional online survey investigated alcohol and other substance use, via a modified version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, before and after bariatric surgery, compared to a non-bariatric surgery sample. Data were anonymously collected via Qualtrics from adults who reported alcohol or substance use (BS, n = 328; non-BS, n = 292).

Skeletal and dental effects of skeletally anchored forsus fatigue resistant devices during class II malocclusion treatment: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the skeletal and dental treatment effects of Class II malocclusion cases using skeletally anchored Forsus (miniscrew-anchored FRD or miniplate-anchored FRD), with conventional Forsus FRD.

Materials And Methods: Unrestricted electronic search of six databases and additional manual searches were performed up to July 2023. Randomized controlled trials having one treatment arm with skeletal anchored Forsus FRD in treatment of Class II malocclusion and another matched treatment group treated with conventional Forsus FRD were included in this review.

Identifying the body mass index of children awaiting dental surgery under general anaesthetic: an audit.

Children with overweight or obesity are at risk of experiencing perioperative complications during general anaesthesia (GA). At Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in London, children who require dental surgery under GA are placed on a waiting list for the Dental Day Surgery Unit (DDSU) or the Evelina London Children's Hospital (ELCH), which has inpatient beds and a paediatric intensive care unit, depending on their body mass index (BMI) and centile thresholds. The waiting list for the ELCH is longer than for the DDSU.

Treatment access gap during the COVID-19 Pandemic: impact on problematic alcohol use and the moderating roles of perceived stress and resilience.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic may have interfered with individuals' access to alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment, but limited research has documented the impact of treatment interference on drinking behavior. This study's purpose was to examine the associations of AUD treatment interference with problematic alcohol use, and the moderating roles of perceived stress and resilience.

Method: A cross-sectional survey design was employed.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a GHSR blocker in people with alcohol use disorder.

BACKGROUNDStudies have demonstrated the role of ghrelin in alcohol-related behaviors and consumption. Blockade of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), which is the ghrelin receptor, has been shown to decrease alcohol drinking and reward-related behaviors across several animal models. We previously conducted a human study testing a GHSR inverse agonist/competitive antagonist, PF-5190457, in individuals who are heavy drinkers and showed its safety when coadministered with alcohol.

Rational approach to fetal heart rate monitoring and management during the second stage of labor.

Second stage of labor is considered to be associated with an increased risk of intrapartum fetal hypoxic injury. This is due to a combination of several risk factors such as -the increased frequency, strength and duration of uterine contractions due to higher number and affinity of myometrial oxytocin receptors; -the Ferguson's reflex which leads to a reflex release of endogenous oxytocin in response of the distension of the cervix by descending fetal head in late stages of labor; maternal expulsive efforts with the Valsalva manoeuvre that may reduce maternal oxygenation, as well as reduce the venous return and maternal cardiac output due to increased intrathoracic pressure, winch may lead to reduced placental oxygenation; - and increased fetal intracranial pressure due to head compression leading to a potential decrease in fetal cerebral oxygenation. In addition, the umbilical cord often forms one or more loops around the fetal neck, which may get tightened as the head descends leading to an acute and intermittent cessation of fetal oxygenation.

Key stakeholder's attitudes towards the professional accountabilities and responsibilities of newly qualified Pharmacist Independent Prescribers (IPs) in England and enablers to implementation at scale?

Background: Independent prescribing is set to expand amongst community pharmacists in England in the next few years. This study aims to explore the different accountabilities and responsibilities associated with independent prescribing compared to more traditional pharmacist roles.

Objective: To inform commissioning frameworks that will allow independent prescribing by community pharmacists to be commissioned safely and appropriately at scale.

Ethnic variations in traumatic injury hospitalisations in a health region of Aotearoa New Zealand-10-year review.

Aim: To examine the ethnic variations in trauma hospitalisations in a health region of Aotearoa New Zealand over a 10-year period.

Methods: A retrospective, observational study utilised data from the Te Manawa Taki (TMT) regional trauma registry to identify individuals of all ages and injury severities who were hospitalised due to injuries between 2013 and 2022. This investigation focusses on the epidemiology of trauma, examining factors such as ethnicity, gender, Injury Severity Score (ISS) and injury characteristics.

Process of development of decentralised clinical trial methodology for cancer clinical trials in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Aim: To develop processes for the development of decentralised clinical trial methodology for Aotearoa New Zealand, focussing on equity of access to cancer clinical trials for Māori, Pacific people, vulnerable communities and those in rural settings.

Methods: A national steering committee supported by Te Aho o Te Kahu - Cancer Control Agency was formed to: guide the adaptation and implementation of overseas decentralised clinical trial models to suit the needs of Aotearoa New Zealand with an equity focus; provide high-level oversight and expertise for direction and development of policies, procedures and infrastructure compliant with ICH GCP R2; and implement a national strategy.

Results: Twelve standard operating procedures were developed, as well as a supervision plan and a glossary.

Chedíak-Higashi Syndrome: Hair-to-toe spectrum.

Chedíak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the Lysosomal Trafficking Regulator (LYST) gene, leading to defective lysosomal function in immune cells, melanocytes, and neurons. Clinically, CHS is characterized by a spectrum of symptoms, including immunodeficiency, partial oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding tendencies, neurodevelopmental deficits and progressive neurodegenerative symptoms. The severity of CHS correlates with the type of LYST mutation: the classic form, linked to nonsense or frameshift mutations, presents early in childhood with severe immune dysfunction, recurrent infections, and a high risk of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a life-threatening hyperinflammatory state.

Impact of HA-PCI on self-reported cognitive functioning and brain metastases in small-cell lung cancer: Pooled findings of NCT01780675 and PREMER trials.

Background: Cognitive decline is an arising concern in patients who need cranial irradiation. We used the pooled longitudinal individual patient data of two phase III trials: NCT01780675 and PREMER to investigate whether hippocampal avoidance (HA)-PCI is associated with improved self-reported cognitive functioning (SRCF) compared with PCI without increasing brain metastases (BM) development within the HA area.

Methods: Patients with stage I-IV small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were randomized to PCI or HA-PCI.

Global High-Consequence Infectious Disease Readiness and Response: An Inventory of High-Level Isolation Units.

High-level isolation units (HLIUs) are facilities strategically outfitted to receive patients with suspected or confirmed high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs). Although most HCID outbreaks occur in low- and middle-income countries, global travel and migration and the deployment of healthcare workers to global outbreaks have led to the occurrence of HCIDs in high-income countries that requires the activation of an HLIU. Despite the existence of HLIUs worldwide, there has been little collaboration between units at the international level.

Sympathetic Overdrive and Role of Beta-blockers in Various Forms of Heart Failure: A Consensus Statement from India.

In heart failure, sympathetic overdrive is evidenced by norepinephrine spillover, receptor level changes, etc. Beta-blockers continue to be the cornerstone of treatment in patients with chronic heart failure due to their ability to counteract sympathetic overdrive. Extensive clinical research has demonstrated that long-term beta-blocker treatment with metoprolol succinate, carvedilol, or bisoprolol enhances left ventricular function and reverses left ventricular remodeling, decreases hospitalization risk, and increases survival.

Digital Workflow for a Definitive Implant-Supported Hybrid Prosthesis.

Implant-supported hybrid prostheses have become popular solutions when treating patients with terminal dentitions or who are completely edentulous. Since the implementation of osseointegrated dental implants to treat edentulism, multiple prosthetic designs and materials have been used for full-arch fixed hybrid prostheses. While these restorations can be highly successful, the most common restorative failures are attributed to lack of prosthetic space or a framework without passive fit, consequently leading to possible chippings, delamination, and/or fractures.

Lessons learned from 150 total gastrectomies for prevention of cancer.

Background: Prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) is performed in carriers of CDH1 pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants and is becoming more frequent with broader use of germline genetic testing. There is an unmet need to standardize care and enhance outcomes among patients undergoing surgery for the prevention of gastric cancer.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 150 individuals with germline CDH1 P/LP variants who underwent PTG as part of a prospective natural history study from October 2017 to May 2023.

Australian general practitioners' perception of modifiable risk factors in reducing infective complications following hip and knee joint replacement.

Background And Objectives: Smoking, poor diabetic control and excessive body mass index (BMI) increase the risk of infection following joint replacement. This study investigated Australian general practitioners' (GPs) perception of these modifiable risk factors in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis.

Method: A structured online survey tool was developed and widely distributed to Australian GPs.

Clinical care for women seeking pregnancy after miscarriage.

Background: Miscarriage is a common and distressing event that impacts women's physical and psychological wellbeing. Determining the appropriate time for a subsequent pregnancy and providing holistic care are essential for affected individuals.

Objective: This article aims to address the question of when it is deemed safe to attempt conception after a miscarriage and discuss strategies to promote a healthy pregnancy, considering inter-pregnancy intervals, psychological implications and medical management.