Research Review: A review of the past decade of family and genomic studies on adolescent mental health.

Background: Mental health problems and traits capturing psychopathology are common and often begin during adolescence. Decades of twin studies indicate that genetic factors explain around 50% of individual differences in adolescent psychopathology. In recent years, significant advances, particularly in genomics, have moved this work towards more translational findings.

Does Context Matter? Daily Diary Study Exploring the Effects of Stressor Intensity and Perceived Controllability on the Relationship Between Emotion Regulation and Affect in Adolescents.

Theoretical accounts emphasize the importance of context sensitivity in emotion regulation, yet research often neglects this. This study explored how adolescents' use of three emotion regulation strategies-cognitive reappraisal, distraction, and rumination-interacted with stressor intensity and perceived controllability to influence daily emotions. A total of 249 adolescents participated in a daily diary study (M = 12.

Mental illness and identity in adolescents with internalizing problems: A qualitative exploration of identity-relevant narratives.

Mental illness and identity are related, with issues in identity contributing to the development of psychopathology and vice versa. However, little work has examined how mental illness and identity can become interwoven (i.e.

The development of depression and social anxiety symptoms in adolescents and the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and desire for peer contact.

Introduction: Adolescence is a dynamic developmental phase in which contact with peers is crucial for socio-emotional development and wellbeing. Depression and social anxiety show patterns of high onset during this period, and more for girls than boys. Here we examine this development among Dutch adolescents, as well as how desire for more peer contact as a result of social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to this increase.

Identity disturbance in dimensional and categorical models of personality disorder: The incremental value of self-rated identity and narrative identity.

Identity disturbance is increasingly considered to drive personality disorder (PD) onset. Previous research has investigated how identity relates to PD using either self-report scales or narratives to assess identity. Few studies have investigated how both operationalizations relate to one another and to models of PD.

Comparing and linking the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment in the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort.

Objectives: We aimed to compare and link the total scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), two common global cognitive screeners.

Methods: 2,325 memory clinic patients (63.2 ± 8.

I can feel my heartbeat: The relationship between interoceptive abilities and emotional states during stress and recovery in healthy adolescents.

The goal of the current study was to investigate the differential effects of three interoception dimensions on psychophysiological stress responses (reactivity and recovery) in adolescents. A total of 102 adolescents (M = 14.10 years, SD = 0.

Perceived misdiagnosis of psychiatric conditions in autistic adults.

Background: Many autistic people, particularly women, do not receive an autism diagnosis until adulthood, delaying their access to timely support and clinical care. One possible explanation is that autistic traits may initially be misinterpreted as symptoms of other psychiatric conditions, leading some individuals to experience misdiagnosis of other psychiatric conditions prior to their autism diagnosis. However, little is currently known about the frequency and nature of psychiatric misdiagnoses in autistic adults.

Where do autistic people work? The distribution and predictors of occupational sectors of autistic and general population employees.

Studies on employment of autistic individuals mainly assessed if they work and what their working conditions are (e.g. weekly hours, salary) while less is known about where they work.

Letter-speech sound integration in typical reading development during the first years of formal education.

This study investigated the neural basis of letter and speech sound (LS) integration in 53 typical readers (35 girls, all White) during the first 2 years of reading education (ages 7-9). Changes in both sensory (multisensory vs unisensory) and linguistic (congruent vs incongruent) aspects of LS integration were examined. The left superior temporal cortex and bilateral inferior frontal cortex showed increasing activation for multisensory over unisensory LS over time, driven by reduced activation to speech sounds.

Visual associative learning to detect early episodic memory deficits and distinguish Alzheimer's disease from other types of dementia.

Objective: We investigated how well a visual associative learning task discriminates Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia from other types of dementia and how it relates to AD pathology.

Methods: 3,599 patients (63.9 ± 8.

Genetic effects on variability in visual aesthetic evaluations are partially shared across visual domains.

The aesthetic values that individuals place on visual images are formed and shaped over a lifetime. However, whether the formation of visual aesthetic value is solely influenced by environmental exposure is still a matter of debate. Here, we considered differences in aesthetic value emerging across three visual domains: abstract images, scenes, and faces.

Using a digital tool to detect early changes in everyday functioning in older adults: A pilot study of the Assessment of Smartphone Everyday Tasks (ASSET).

Introduction: To investigate the utility of a new digital tool for measuring everyday functioning in preclinical Alzheimer's disease, we piloted the Assessment of Smartphone Everyday Tasks (ASSET) application.

Methods: Forty-six participants (50.3 ± 27.

The Effect of Relative Pubertal Maturation and Perceived Popularity on Symptoms of Depression and Social Anxiety in Adolescent Boys and Girls.

Research has shown that adolescents - particularly girls - who mature relatively early often experience more internalizing problems. This effect is thought to be partially driven by psychosocial mechanisms, but previous research based relative pubertal maturation on complete samples or population standards, instead of considering the adolescents' direct peer environment. In the current study the level of adolescents' pubertal development was assessed relative to their classmates in order to examine relative pubertal maturation.

Increased interference from conflicting perspectives and gender differences: A longitudinal study during adolescence.

Adolescents need to develop adequate perspective-taking skills to successfully navigate their increasingly complex social environments. This study investigated adolescents' development of the cognitive processes of egocentric and altercentric interference that influence perspective-taking abilities. Using the Dot Perspective Task, participants' (N = 803; 50.

Trajectories of adaptive and disturbed identity dimensions in adolescence: developmental associations with self-esteem, resilience, symptoms of depression, and borderline personality disorder features.

To advance our understanding of adolescents' identity formation and how it may play into their psychological functioning, this study investigated developmental trajectory classes of adaptive and disturbed dimensions of identity formation, and whether adolescents belonging to different trajectory classes develop differently on self-esteem, resilience, symptoms of depression, and borderline personality disorder (BPD) features. Three-wave longitudinal data from 2,123 Flemish adolescents was used (54.2% girls;  = 14.

Predicting change in neural activity during social exclusion in late childhood: The role of past peer experiences.

A painful experience affecting many children is social exclusion. The current study is a follow-up study, investigating change in neural activity during social exclusion as a function of peer preference. Peer preference was defined as the degree to which children are preferred by their peers and measured using peer nominations in class during four consecutive years for 34 boys.

The correlation between neuropathology levels and cognitive performance in centenarians.

Introduction: Neuropathological substrates associated with neurodegeneration occur in brains of the oldest old. How does this affect cognitive performance?

Methods: The 100-plus Study is an ongoing longitudinal cohort study of centenarians who self-report to be cognitively healthy; post mortem brain donation is optional. In 85 centenarian brains, we explored the correlations between the levels of 11 neuropathological substrates with ante mortem performance on 12 neuropsychological tests.

Always look on the bright side of life: Individual differences in visual attentional breadth for understanding temperament and emotion regulation in adolescents.

Introduction: Cognitive-affective models of depression show that negative and positive emotionality differentially confer risk for depression through maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation (ER) strategies respectively. Yet, no research has examined the mechanisms through which these temperament traits shape individual differences in ER. The current study explored the mediating role of attentional breadth for emotional information in the distinct pathways from temperament to ER strategies in adolescents.

The development of adolescent trust behavior.

Interpersonal trust shows developmental changes during adolescence. The current study used a longitudinal design to examine the development of trust behavior, the presence of gender differences in these developmental trajectories, and the association between individual differences in these developmental trajectories and perspective-taking abilities. The participants played a trust game with a hypothetical trustworthy partner and a trust game with a hypothetical untrustworthy partner in 3 consecutive years (M = 12.

Mindset and perceived parental support of autonomy safeguard adolescents' autonomous motivation during COVID-19 home-based learning.

During school closures throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, less support from peers and teachers may have required more autonomous motivation from adolescents. Little is known about factors that could shield against these negative effects. Driven by two influential motivational theories, we examined how mindset, feelings of school burnout and the three basic psychological needs of the self-determination theory, could predict changes in autonomous motivation when controlling for pre-pandemic levels of motivation.

Social network position, trust behavior, and neural activity in young adolescents.

Our social interactions take place within numerous social networks, in which our relationships with others define our position within these networks. In this study, we examined how the centrality of positions within social networks was associated with trust behavior and neural activity in 49 adolescents (M = 12.8 years, SD = 0.

Changes in self- and study partner-perceived cognitive functioning in relation to amyloid status and future clinical progression: Findings from the SCIENCe project.

Introduction: We investigated changes in self- and study partner-reported self-perceived cognitive decline in relation to amyloid pathology and clinical progression, in a sample of cognitively normal individuals.

Methods: A total of 404 participants (63 ± 9 years, 44% female) and their study partners completed the Cognitive Change Index (CCI) yearly (0.7-6.