Real-world evidence on the use of a fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine and lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) in people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes in Romania: a prospective cohort study (STAR.Ro).

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine and lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) fixed-ratio combination on a cohort of Romanian adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Design: Open-label, 24-week, prospective cohort study.

Setting: 65 secondary care diabetes centres in Romania.

Increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients - a retrospective study.

Context: Identification of CV risk factors from T2DM diagnosis allows optimization of treatment to prevent CV complications and death.

Objective: The primary objective of the study was to describe the CV risk factors in patients with T2DM at the time of diagnosis and/or therapeutic specific measures taken.

Design: This was a non-interventional, multicenter, retrospective chart review of newly diagnosed patients with T2DM in 49 study centers in Romania.

Contribution of glycemic variability to hypoglycemia, and a new marker for diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Background: Diabetes remission after bariatric surgery was reported to be characterized by increased risk of hypoglycemia.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the contribution of glycemic variability (GV) to the risk of hypoglycemia, and the suitability of time in range (TIR), an emerging glycemic marker, to define diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Setting: A single referral center in China.

Nomogram for Predicting 5-Year Diabetes Remission After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Chinese Patients with Obesity.

Purpose: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is widely used as an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with obesity; long-term (> 5 years) diabetes remission (DR) rates have been less frequently reported. To date, there is no validated model to guide procedure selection based on long-term glucose control in patients with T2D. The purpose of this study is to establish a new tool for predicting long-term DR with a nomogram.

New Insights on the Relationship between Leptin, Ghrelin, and Leptin/Ghrelin Ratio Enforced by Body Mass Index in Obesity and Diabetes.

Currently, adipose tissue is considered an endocrine organ, however, there are still many questions regarding the roles of adipokines-leptin and ghrelin being two adipokines. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between the adipokines and their ratio with obesity and diabetes. Methods: Sixty patients (mean age 61.

Involvement of Ceramides in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Atherosclerosis (ATS) Development: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis (ATS) are worldwide known diseases with increased incidence and prevalence. These two are driven and are interconnected by multiple oxidative and metabolic functions such as lipotoxicity. A gamut of evidence suggests that sphingolipids (SL), such as ceramides, account for much of the tissue damage.

Heart failure in type 2 diabetes: current perspectives on screening, diagnosis and management.

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most relevant risk factors for heart failure, the prevalence of which is increasing worldwide. The aim of the review is to highlight the current perspectives of the pathophysiology of heart failure as it pertains to type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes the proposed mechanistic bases, explaining the myocardial damage induced by diabetes-related stressors and other risk factors, i.

The relationship of neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3 with risk factors, and chronic complications in type 2 diabetes: A Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) sub-study.

Introduction: Neutrophil elastase (NE) and proteinase 3 (PR3) are novel inflammation biomarkers. We investigated their associations with chronic complications, determinants of biomarker levels and effects of fenofibrate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes study.

Methods: Plasma NE and PR3 levels were quantified at baseline ( = 2000), and relationships with complications over 5-years assessed.

Metabolic surgery in China: present and future.

Obesity and its related complications comprise a serious public health problem worldwide, and obesity is increasing in China. Metabolic surgery is a new type of treatment with unique advantages in weight loss and obesity-related metabolic complications. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex and not yet fully understood.

Role of Gut Microbiota on Onset and Progression of Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM).

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains one of the most problematic and economic consumer disorders worldwide, with growing prevalence and incidence. Over the last years, substantial research has highlighted the intricate relationship among gut microbiota, dysbiosis and metabolic syndromes development. Changes in the gut microbiome composition lead to an imbalanced gastrointestinal habitat which promotes abnormal production of metabolites, inflammatory status, glucose metabolism alteration and even insulin resistance (IR).

Relationships of adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein and lipocalin 2 with risk factors and chronic complications in type 2 diabetes and effects of fenofibrate: A fenofibrate Intervention and event lowering in diabetes sub-study.

Aims: To investigate determinants of circulating levels of adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and lipocalin-2 (LCN2), their relationships with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and microvascular events, and effects of fenofibrate in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: A-FABP and LCN2 were quantified in baseline plasma from 2000 T2D adults in a Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) trial sub-study and correlates thereof determined. In a subset (n = 200) adipokines were also measured on-trial.

Diabetes and Obesity-Cumulative or Complementary Effects On Adipokines, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance.

Background: Diabetes and obesity are increasingly significant public health issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adipocytokines (leptin, ghrelin, and chemerin), inflammation (sVCAM1-soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1, sICAM1-soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1), and insulin resistance in the presence of obesity and diabetes mellitus.

Methods: 88 subjects, with a mean age of 61.

The Intricate Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Insulin Resistance (IR), and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain as one of the most global problematic metabolic diseases with rapidly increasing prevalence and incidence. Epidemiological studies noted that T2DM patients have by two-fold increase to develop NAFLD, and vice versa. This complex and intricate association is supported and mediated by insulin resistance (IR).

Issues for the management of people with diabetes and COVID-19 in ICU.

In the pandemic "Corona Virus Disease 2019" (COVID-19) people with diabetes have a high risk to require ICU admission. The management of diabetes in Intensive Care Unit is always challenging, however, when diabetes is present in COVID-19 the situation seems even more complicated. An optimal glycemic control, avoiding acute hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and glycemic variability may significantly improve the outcome.

EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF BASAL INSULIN THERAPY IN ROMANIAN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN REAL-LIFE SETTINGS: A SUB-GROUP ANALYSIS OF DUNE STUDY.

Context: Despite the available evidence showing the vital role of glycemic control in the management of type 2 diabetes, a significant proportion of patients are not achieving a good glycemic control.

Objective: Here we present the results of the Diabetes Unmet Need with basal insulin Evaluation (DUNE) study for patients enrolled in Romanian centers with the aim to describe the proportion of participants who achieved individualized HbA1c targets at 12 weeks following basal insulin therapy initiation.

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19 and diabetes. Why it is a different story.

Hydroxychloroquine has been proposed for the cure of the COVID-19 due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-viral action. People with diabetes are more prone to severe outcome if affected by COVID-19 and the use of Hydroxychloroquine might have some benefit in this setting. However, the use of Hydroxychloroquine in diabetes deserves particular attention for its documented hypoglycemic action.

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 is Related to Atherosclerosis Independent of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Predicts Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events.

Background FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21), a novel hepatokine regulating lipid metabolism, has been linked to atherosclerotic disease. However, whether this relationship exists in patients without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is unclear. We assessed the association between serum FGF21 levels and atherosclerosis in patients without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and investigated whether baseline FGF21 could predict incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in a 7-year prospective cohort.

Issues of Cardiovascular Risk Management in People With Diabetes in the COVID-19 Era.

People with diabetes compared with people without exhibit worse prognosis if affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), particularly when compromising metabolic control and concomitant cardiovascular disorders are present. This Perspective seeks to explore newly occurring cardio-renal-pulmonary organ damage induced or aggravated by the disease process of COVID-19 and its implications for the cardiovascular risk management of people with diabetes, especially taking into account potential interactions with mechanisms of cellular intrusion of SARS-CoV-2. Severe infection with SARS-CoV-2 can precipitate myocardial infarction, myocarditis, heart failure, and arrhythmias as well as an acute respiratory distress syndrome and renal failure.

Is Roux-en-Y gastric bypass advantageous?-surgical outcomes in obese patients with type-2 diabetes after gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy, a matched retrospective study.

Background: There are few comparative studies of the clinical outcomes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The aim of the study was to compare diabetes- and metabolic disorder-related outcomes following RYGB and SG, based on data for matched participants.

Methods: This was a retrospective matched study using data from 2011-2018.

Elevated Serum Level of Cytokeratin 18 M65ED Is an Independent Indicator of Cardiometabolic Disorders.

Background: Recent studies have suggested that cell death might be involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders. The cytokeratin 18 (CK18) fragment, as a cell death marker, plays an important role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, only a limited number of studies have found elevated serum levels of CK18 in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Expert Opinion on the Therapeutic Use of the Fixed-Ratio Combination of Insulin Glargine 100 U/mL and Lixisenatide: a Central/Eastern European Perspective.

The fixed-ratio combination (FRC) of a basal insulin and a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) has proven to be an effective therapeutic approach. However, physicians face numerous practical questions that cannot be answered by recently published trial results, current guidelines and summaries of product characteristics. In April 2019, a scientific meeting was held with the participation of nine experts from four Central and Eastern European countries to provide expert consensus on the optimal daily use of the insulin glargine and lixisenatide FRC (iGlarLixi).

Comparison of Four Risk Prediction Models for Diabetes Remission after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Obese Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a major type of bariatric surgery. Various models have been established for facilitating clinical decision-making and predicting outcomes after RYGB; the ABCD, DiaRem, advanced-DiaRem (Ad-DiaRem), and DiaBetter scores are among the most commonly used risk prediction models. However, these models were primarily developed based on retrospective analyses of patients from Western countries at 1 year after RYGB.