Biventricular Thrombi in a Patient With Heart Failure With Severely Reduced Ejection Fraction and Heterozygous Prothrombin 20210G/A and Homozygous Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 677C/T Mutations.

Thrombus in the heart is known to be one of the many sequelae of anterior wall myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation and coagulation disorders. However, biventricular thrombi are relatively rarely found, even in conditions with a high possibility of thrombus formation. We report the case of a 75-year-old-woman with newly diagnosed systolic heart failure secondary to a nonischemic cardiomyopathy, who was found to have large biventricular thrombi.

A Case of Concurrent Gastric and Pancreatic Plasmacytomas in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma: An Extremely Rare Entity.

Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell tumor, is primarily a disease of the bone marrow. Extramedullary plasmacytoma, also a plasma cell tumor, is very rare in the gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas, and only a handful cases have been documented till now. Gastric and pancreatic plasmacytomas are usually seen in elderly patients; however, cases in patients as young as 32 years of age have been reported.

Ulcerated gastric leiomyoma causing massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A case report.

Leiomyomas are rare, benign submucosal tumors originating from smooth muscle cells. The clinical presentation is usually asymptomatic, with excellent prognosis. We herein report the case of a 68-year-old female with a solitary leiomyoma found during esophagogastroduodenoscopy for hematemesis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: controlling an emerging epidemic, challenges, and future directions.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects over 30% of the United States population and is projected to become a leading cause of chronic liver disease by 2020. As a result, the economic and societal burden of NAFLD is far-reaching. The cost of managing NAFLD complications has an estimated 10 year economic burden of $908 billion.

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Gastrointestinal Tract - A Rare Entity.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an idiopathic and rare disease that ranges in clinical severity based on location and organ involvement. LCH most commonly affects the skin and bones. The involvement of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) in adults is exceedingly rare and only 10 cases have been reported in the literature.

Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Findings in HIV-Infected Patients in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background: Endoscopic evaluation with biopsies are instrumental in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), especially in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 304 HIV-positive and 199 HIV-negative patients who had undergone upper and/or lower endoscopy in an urban community hospital from the years 2012 - 2017 was performed. Inclusion criteria included men and women between the ages of 45 to 75 years, which had undergone colonoscopies between within 2012 - 2017 and had tested positive for HIV.

Coronary Artery Development: Origin, Malformations, and Translational Vascular Reparative Therapy.

After thickening of the cardiac chamber walls during embryogenesis, oxygen and nutrients can no longer be adequately supplied to cardiac cells via passive diffusion; therefore, a primitive vascular network develops to supply these vital structures. This plexus further matures into coronary arteries and veins, which ensures continued development of the heart. Various models have been proposed to account for the growth of the coronary arteries.

An Innocent Esophageal Mucosal Bridge: Case Report and Literature Review.

An esophageal mucosal bridge is a rare finding that is seldom encountered on upper endoscopy. They most commonly present secondary to an underlying inflammatory disorder and cause chest pain and dysphagia, among other symptoms. More rarely, they present asymptomatically with no identifiable inflammatory conditions.

Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Colon.

Overall, colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in both men and women, meaning that it is one of the more widely recognized preventable cancers. Instances of colorectal malignancies though are overwhelmingly attributable to adenocarcinoma. Colorectal cancers with components of squamous cell carcinoma represent a statistical anomaly.

Pepto-Bismol Tablets Resembling Foreign Bodies on Abdominal Imaging.

A 28-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) with a one-day history of severe, diffuse abdominal pain of sudden onset. In the ED, an abdominal x-ray was done, which showed two hyperdense disc-shaped structures. When her abdominal pain did not subside, the ED performed a computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast, which showed the two previously noted 16 mm disc-shaped objects to actually be located within the cecum.

Rare finding of concomitant pseudomelanosis of stomach and duodenum; case report and literature review.

Melanosis of the stomach and duodenum is a rare entity and a striking finding diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Here, we describe the case of an 83-year-old female, with a complicated medical history, who was referred to gastroenterologist to assess bleeding risk. From the endoscopy, it was determined that she had both melanosis gastri and duodeni.

Colonic Granular Cell Tumor: An Endoscopic and Histopathologic Review with Case Illustration.

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare and benign tumors that can occur at any anatomical site. GCTs are thought to originate from nerve cells, particularly Schwann cells. Their name derives from the fact that an accumulation of cytoplasmic lysosomes imparts the tumor with a granular appearance.

Gastric Diverticula: A Review and Report of Two Cases.

Gastric diverticula represent the rarest of gastrointestinal diverticula. While similar to duodenal, jejunal and colonic diverticula, gastric diverticula are found incidentally upon upper endoscopy and are mostly asymptomatic. However, larger diverticula can lead to symptoms such as upper abdominal pain, nausea, emesis, and dyspepsia.

A Review of Double Common Bile Duct and Its Sequelae.

A double or accessory common bile duct (ACBD) is a rare congenital anomaly. We report the case of a 60-year-old American Asian male, who was found to have a double or duplicated common bile duct after being admitted for evaluation of a pancreatic mass. A duplicated bile duct has the same mucosa histologically as a single bile duct.

Hepatobiliary strongyloidiasis presenting as an ampullary lesion on esophagogastroduodenoscopy/endoscopic ultrasound.

Strongyloidiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the parasitic nematodes of the species, most commonly . We report a case of a 66-year-old immigrant male from Haiti who presented with complaints of diarrhea and an unintentional 80-lb weight loss over the past 5 years. Stool examination was positive for strongyloidiasis.

Community-acquired Clostridium difficile: epidemiology, ribotype, risk factors, hospital and intensive care unit outcomes, and current and emerging therapies.

Background: The epidemiological landscape of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has changed over the past 30 years.

Aim: To review studies of CDI in the community setting.

Methods: Electronic databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.

Philipp Bozzini (1773-1809): The earliest description of endoscopy.

The widespread use of endoscopy in today's clinical arena underscores its utility and growing significance within the field of medicine. Primitive forms of endoscopy have existed for hundreds of years, but it was not until the early 19th century that Dr Philipp Bozzini invented an endoscope that would form the basis of modern endoscopy. Born into an influential Italian family, Bozzini practiced medicine in a time and place of conflict and political unrest.

Autoimmune hepatitis in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus infection: A case series.

Liver injury in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is more commonly attributed to viral hepatitis or highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) toxicity. The severity of liver injury is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The emergence of autoimmune diseases, particularly autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in the setting of HIV infection, is rare.