Double trouble: The intersection of neurobrucellosis and systemic lupus erythematosus in a 24-year-old female.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs, while brucellosis is a zoonotic infection prevalent in endemic areas. Neurobrucellosis, a severe complication of brucellosis, can mimic or coexist with autoimmune conditions like SLE, complicating diagnosis and treatment. This case report highlights the diagnostic challenges and management strategies for such overlapping diseases.

Prospective Multi-Site Validation of AI to Detect Tuberculosis and Chest X-Ray Abnormalities.

Background: Using artificial intelligence (AI) to interpret chest X-rays (CXRs) could support accessible triage tests for active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in resource-constrained settings.

Methods: The performance of two cloud-based CXR AI systems - one to detect TB and the other to detect CXR abnormalities - in a population with a high TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden was evaluated. We recruited 1978 adults who had TB symptoms, were close contacts of known TB patients, or were newly diagnosed with HIV at three clinical sites.

Preliminary comparison of net gain in final adult height of girls with early menarche treated with or without gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.

Background: Early menarche is associated with both physical and psychosocial problems. Based on psychological and physical health considerations, for girls with early menarche, some parents and physicians may elect to use gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) to delay menstruation. This study aimed to explore the effects of GnRHa treatment on the final height of girls with early menarche and build the models to predict the final adult height (FAH).

Differential genes expression of immune tolerance induction in hemophilia A: an exploratory RNA-seq test from a Chinese hemophilia comprehensive care centre.

Background: The production of inhibitors is a serious complication that can arise during coagulation factor replacement therapy for hemophilia A (HA). The primary therapeutic strategy to eliminate inhibitors is immune tolerance induction (ITI), which is known to be an extremely challenging, prolonged, and costly treatment. With the widespread use of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across various treatment outcomes, there is potential for predicting ITI outcomes.

Efficacy of prophylactic sodium valproate in pediatric migraines: a systematic review of randomized clinical studies.

Background: Migraine is a neurological disorder that is chronic and presents with episodes of paroxysmal features consisting of multiphase attacks of head pain, along with other symptoms related to neurological dysfunction such as sensitivity to movement, photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and vomiting. Antiseizure medications are frequently used for the treatment of migraine. Of the antiseizure medications, sodium valproate and topiramate have received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to prevent adult migraine.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with Alagille syndrome in China: identification of six novel and mutations.

Background: Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a rare disease. The variable clinical manifestations make the diagnosis of ALGS difficult. This study aimed to provide a basis for the early diagnosis of ALGS patients whose clinical identification is difficult and to enrich the spectrum of genetic variants implicated in Chinese children with ALGS.

Clinical imaging and pathology analysis of Epstein-Barr virus-associated monomorphic lymphoproliferative disease after liver transplantation in children-a retrospective case series.

Background: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a significant complication that can arise following solid organ transplantation or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It encompasses a spectrum of lymphoproliferative lesions, ranging from benign reactive hyperplasia to malignant tumors, and is among the most severe complications following liver transplantation in children. It is essential for clinicians to gain a comprehensive understanding of the prevention, clinical manifestations, early diagnosis, and treatment strategies for PTLD in order to reduce mortality rates.

Epidemiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumoniae in hospitalized children around COVID-19 from Jiangsu Province, China: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: It has been reported that the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has changed the epidemiological characteristics of many pathogens, but the epidemiological characteristics of (MP) infection in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are not clear. The aim of this study was to answer this question.

Methods: Children with CAP in three tertiary hospitals (hospitals A, B and C) from 2018 to 2023 were selected.

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using magnetic levitation centrifugal pumps for fulminant myocarditis in infants, children and young adults.

Background: Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is a potentially lethal disease with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation, thus making the diagnosis hard to depict. In cases where acute circulatory failure occurs venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is a valid management strategy, especially in the pediatric and adult patients. This study aims to report the results of VA ECMO for FM in our Institution.

Glycoprotein 350-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for nonneoplastic chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection: a case report.

Background: Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection is a rare disease in which the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) persists and replicates, causing chronic symptoms and fatal complications. The treatment of CAEBV is still evolving. Our case report showed a new therapy for CAEBV.

Aggressive behavior in adolescent patients with mental disorders: what we can do.

Background: Aggressive behavior in adolescent patients is a common phenomenon in clinical treatment and nursing care. The objective of this study was to conduct an assessment of the prevailing patterns and determinants of aggressive behavior among adolescents with mental disorders, with the intent to offer valuable insights for enhancing clinical intervention and nursing practices.

Methods: Adolescent patients with mental disorders admitted to the psychiatric department of Suzhou Guangji Hospital from January 1, 2022, to June 30, 2024 were included.

Intravenous versus intramuscular route of administration of natural adrenocorticotropic hormone in infantile epileptic spasm syndrome.

Background: Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (ISS) is an age-dependent epileptic condition typically emerging within the first year of life, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) has been established as a first-line therapeutic drug for the ISS since 1958. However, there is a notable variation in ACTH dosage practices worldwide, with intramuscular injection being common in some countries and intravenous drip preferred in others, including China. This study aimed to identify a preferable administration modality for ACTH-based utilization in treating ISS.

Diagnostic accuracy of gasdermin D as a biomarker for necrotizing enterocolitis: a single-center diagnostic test study.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal condition mainly affecting premature infants, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) has emerged as a molecule of interest due to its pivotal role in the inflammatory process called pyroptosis in NEC pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to examine the potential of GSDMD and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as early diagnostic biomarkers for NEC.

Methods: We examined 207 infants with clinical symptoms of NEC admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between December 2023 and June 2024.

Diabetes-related cognitive impairment: Mechanisms, symptoms, and treatments.

Background: Diabetes-related cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as a significant complication, profoundly impacting patients' quality of life. This review aims to examine the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, risk factors, assessment and diagnosis, management strategies, and future research directions of cognitive impairment in diabetes.

Methodology: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and other medical databases to identify, review, and evaluate published articles on cognitive impairment in diabetes.

Risk factors for severe adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients.

Background: Severe adverse drug reactions (sADRs) are becoming increasingly common nowadays. The incidence of sADRs is approaching 6.7%, and the incidence of fatal adverse reactions is 0.

Impact of diabetes on long-term survival in elderly liver cancer patients: A retrospective study.

Background And Aim: Liver cancer is a prevalent and life-threatening condition, particularly among elderly individuals. The association between diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, and the onset and advancement of liver cancer has been widely acknowledged. However, the effect of diabetes on the survival of older patients with liver cancer has been a topic of debate.

Unveiling novel biomarkers for platinum chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.

Primary chemoresistance to platinum-based treatment is observed in approximately 33% of individuals diagnosed with ovarian cancer; however, conventional clinical markers exhibit limited predictive value for chemoresistance. This study aimed to discover new genetic markers that can predict primary resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. Through the analysis of three GEO datasets (GSE114206, GSE51373, and GSE63885) utilizing bioinformatics methodologies, we identified two specific genes, MFAP4 and EFEMP1.

Analysis of the effect of ALA-PDT on macrophages in footpad model of mice infected with based on single-cell sequencing.

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic neglected fungal disease that causes serious damage to the physical and mental health of patients. 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) has garnered significant attention in the recent era for the treatment of CBM and has exhibited promising effects in several clinical case reports. We established a mice footpad infection model with and analyzed the impact of PDT treatment on the immune response of macrophages using single-cell sequencing.

Predictive value of plasma sB7-H3 and YKL-40 in pediatric refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Objective: This study investigated the clinical significance of plasma sB7-H3 and YKL-40 levels in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP).

Methods: A total of 182 RMPP patients (103 general Mycoplasma pneumoniae patients and 79 RMPP patients) were included. sB7-H3, YKL-40, and other inflammatory factors were measured.

Development and validation of headspace gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector method for the determination of ethanol in the vitreous humor.

Introduction: Qualitative and quantitative testing of ethanol in samples is an important analytical procedure that provides accurate, precise, and reliable results. Given the complexity of the issue, obtaining a realistic picture of lifelong alcoholemia requires supporting blood ethanol findings with analyses of alternative samples, primarily vitreous humor (VH).

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HS/GC-FID) method for determining ethanol concentration in VH.

CMSP exerts anti-tumor effects on small cell lung cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of -hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde (CMSP) in triggering ferroptosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells.

Methods: The impact of CMSP on ferroptosis in H1688 and SW1271 cells was assessed through cell experiments and biological information analysis. Moreover, the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) in SCLC tissue was examined.

Association between maternal rectovaginal group B streptococcus and the risk of stillbirth: a meta-analysis.

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization in pregnant women is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, including stillbirth. This meta-analysis investigated the relationship between maternal rectovaginal GBS colonization and the risk of stillbirth.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search across several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, covering studies published from the inception of the database until September 9, 2024.

Unveiling the complex double-edged sword role of exosomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy arising from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. Given its late diagnosis, NPC raises serious considerations in Southeast Asia. In addition to resistance to conventional treatment that combines chemotherapy and radiation, NPC has high rates of metastasis and frequent recurrence.

Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals cellular reprogramming and changes of immune cell subsets following tetramethylpyrazine treatment in LPS-induced acute lung injury.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a disordered pulmonary disease characterized by acute respiratory insufficiency with tachypnea, cyanosis refractory to oxygen and diffuse alveolar infiltrates. Despite increased research into ALI, current clinical treatments lack effectiveness. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has shown potential in ALI treatment, and understanding its effects on the pulmonary microenvironment and its underlying mechanisms is imperative.

The impact of induced stress on reactive and proactive control in depression.

Background: Depression, a widespread mental health issue, is often marked by impaired cognitive control, particularly in managing proactive and reactive processes. The Dual Mechanisms of Control (DMC) framework differentiates between these two modes of cognitive control: proactive control involves sustained goal maintenance, while reactive control is more stimulus-driven and transient. Stress, known to exacerbate cognitive dysfunction in depression, may influence the balance between these control processes, though the specific effects remain poorly understood.