[Amaurosis fugax].

Amaurosis fugax is the subjective phenomenon caused by a transient and temporary ceasing of the retinal blood flow. Wray classified amaurosis fugax in four types, according to the mechanisms involved: embolic, hypoperfusion, angiospasm and idiopathic. Amaurosis fugax is an important symptom because it can announce the definite visual loss, an cerebral infaction or even death caused by vascular causes.

[Irido-corneal dysgenesis, Axenfeld Rieger syndrome].

The authors present the case of a patient diagnosed with the syndrome A-R, which was discovered at the age of nineteen during a medical examination at the Ophthalmology Clinic in order to establish his medico-military situation. The youngster's mother presents the same anomaly, fact which demonstrates the hereditary transmission of this disease. It must also be mentioned the fact that when he was diagnosed, the patient presented a relatively good visual acuity, that he had not developed secondary glaucoma and besides he associated the presence of bilateral hypoacusis.

[Horton disease--ophthalmologic involvement].

The authors present the case of a female patient with giant cell arteritis diagnosed after an ophthalmologic examination.

[IOP diurnal fluctuations in patients presenting pseudoexfoliative syndrome].

Purpose: To analyze the IOP diurnal fluctuations in patients presenting pseudoexfoliative syndrome (PEX) compared to those without PEX.

Method: A clinical observational prospective study, one year, on 2 groups of patients: group A (13 patients)--with pseudoexfoliative syndrome (PEX) and group B, control, (11 patients)--without PEX. The groups were homogeneous about the age and sex distribution.

[Axial length of the ocular globe and hypotensive effect in glaucoma therapy with prostaglandin analogs].

Purpose: To observe the possible correlations between the hypotensive effect of the prostaglandin analogs and the axial length of the ocular globe.

Method: A prospective, observational and randomized study (one year) on 27 patients with POAG treated by prostaglandin analogs monotherapy. The patients have been divided in two groups according to the type of the prostaglandin analogs used: group A - 12 patients - travoprost 0,004 % (Travatan) and group B - 15 patients - latanoprost 0,005 % (Xalatan).

[Surgery of the oblique muscles].

The principles of surgery of the oblique muscles are different from those of the rectus muscles according to their anatomy and physiology. Their exposure is difficult as they are inserted on the sclera behind the equator and because they form an angle of 51s with the visual axis they have a triple action. The types of procedures one can practice on the oblique muscles are: weakening and strengthening of their actions.

[Yttrium- Aluminium Garnet Crystal (I)].

The Yttrium- Aluminum Garnet Crystal is synthetically obtained and represents the active medium of the Nd: YAG, Ho: YAG, Er: YAG lasers. These solid state lasers showed very good results in Ophthalmology, due to their emission in different regimes (continuous wave or giant short pulses), at different wavelengths (near IR and starting from it in UV or visible spectre), the ability to focus the radiation through simple optic systems or the transmission to narrow, hard accessible spaces using flexible optic fibers. The high efficiency of these lasers reported in ophthalmology is obtained by the photo-disruptive or thermic mechanism of the laser beams.

[Phacoemulsification and pseudoexfoliative syndrome].

Purpose: To compare the results and the complications of cataract surgery by phacoemulsification in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

Methods: A retrospective clinical study (January 2001 - January 2004; mean follow-up 21.5 months) of 116 cases divided in two groups: group A (55 eyes) with senile cataract and pseudoexfoliation syndrome and group B (61 eyes) with senile cataract but without pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

[Structural and immunohistochemical changes of conjunctiva induced by topical glaucoma medication].

Purpose: The topical medication represents the first line therapy for the primary open angle glaucoma. The study is aimed at assessing the structural and immunohistochemical changes of conjunctiva induced by topical glaucoma medication.

Methods: For this purpose, we carried out a 40 weeks, prospective, experimental, epidemiological-operational and randomized study enrolling 18 patients (36 eyes) with recently primary open angle glaucoma.

[Travatan--preliminary results].

Purpose: The prostaglandin analogues represent the first option for the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of Travatan în treatment for different type of glaucoma.

Methods: It was performed an observational clinical study between November 2002 and March 2003 on 33 patients (62 eyes), who were divided into treatment with Travatan în 4 groups.

[Birdshot retinochoroidopathy].

Birdshot retinochoroidopathy is a rare, chronic, bilateral, posterior uveitis with a distinctive clinical presentation and a strong genetic association. Middle aged white people of northern European extraction are most commonly. The pathogenesis is unknown, but HLA-A29 positivity appears to confer predisposition and retinal autoimmunity seems to play a role.

[Surgical decision in both cataract and glaucoma].

The authors try to establishes the algorithm for the treatment in patients who have both cataract and glaucoma. Clinicians must decide when to do cataract surgery, when to do glaucoma surgery and when to do a combined procedure, as well as decide which technique is appropriate. The paper presents a comparative analyze on three groups of patients who have this pathological association, regarding the factors involved in the surgery decision process and the postoperative results (visual acuity--VA, intraocular pressure--IOP, complications).

[Secondary cataract; correlations concerning lens surgery and pseudophakia type. Therapeutic aspects].

The study presents the correlations concerning the advent of the secondary cataract depending on the surgical technique and pseudofak type (PMMA, acrylic, siliconic), as well the safety and efficacy of the YAG: Nd capsulotomy. A 3 years clinical retrospective trial was done on 320 eyes operated for senile cataract. The incidence of the secondary cataract was 11.

[Ocular injuries due to allergic mechanism].

The paper presents the main ocular injuries due to allergic mechanism and it point out the actual data about etiopathogenesis of type 1 hypersensitivity and immunologic mechanism involved in allergic keratoconjunctivitis. Then are exposed the classification of ocular allergy, the main signs and symptoms, the paraclinical methods of diagnosis and the actual agents of therapy.

[Ophthalmologic involvement of intracranial tumors--report of a case].

Bilateral papillary edema is considered to be the expression of a tumoral process that reduces the intracranial space resulting in elevation of the intracranial cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The authors present the case of a 21-year-old man consulting for mild visual loss of the left eye. The ophthalmologic examination showed bilateral papilledema and visual field defects in the left eye (enlargement of the blind spot), with no clinic or imagistic signs of increased intracranial pressure.

[Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma].

The pseudoexfoliative glaucoma was find in our study at approximately 10% of the patients. Both clinical evolution and treatment results were less good at the patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.