[Chronic hepatitis C in children: are extrahepatic manifestations an argument for standard therapy?].

Unlabelled: Chronic hepatitis C is still an important health problem in children. Adequate management of those patients should be focused on two directions: disappearance or reduction of the viral load (conventional antiviral therapy) and treatment of autoimmune manifestations (corticoids, plasmapheresis, cytotoxic agents).

Aim: To associate extrahepatic manifestations with other disorders and to evaluate the evolution under specific (antiviral) and non-specific therapy.

[Trends in epidemiological evolution of viral hepatitis B and C , in children , Romania and Iaşi county between 1990-2009].

Unlabelled: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are the frequent causes of acute and chronic hepatitis worldwide and the leading causes for hepatic cirrhosis and liver cancer. There is a distinct geographical variation in VHB and VHC incidence in adult and child.

Aim: To assess the evolution trend of VHB and VHC incidence in child, in Romania and Iasi County, during the last two decades.

[Nutrition in cholestasis and long-term impact on trasnplant].

Aim: Plurietiological hepatic cholestasis involves an increased risk of protein-caloric malnutrition and specifical nutritional deficiencies. Biological investigations to determine deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins are essential for specific nutritional therapy . Although malnutrition is not an absolute contraindication for liver transplantation, its gravity has complex consequences in relation to this intervention.

[Evaluation of quality of life in children with chronic hepatitis].

Unlabelled: The evolution of chronic viral and non-viral hepatitis in children, and the response to therapy influence the quality of life and the outcome of these patients and tehir family.

Material And Method: This study analyzes the quality of life in children with chronic liver disease, using the records of 45 patients hospitalised in the Hepatology Department of "Sf. Maria" Hospital of Children in Iaşi.

[X-linked Bruton congenital agammaglobulinemia. Case report].

Congenital agamaglobulinemia is a B-cell deficiency caused by tirosin-kinase gene mutations. This article presents the case of a 2 years and 6 months old boy with a history of multiple respiratory infections, which also associates a malabsorbtion syndrome. The patient presented for symptoms of arthritis.

[Pulmonary manifestations in childhood obesity].

Obesity has an increasing incidence throughout the world, inducing a complex and multisystemic pathology. The respiratory manifestations are: restrictive respiratory physiology, reduced respiratory compliance, altered ventilation/perfusion index, bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Increases in body mass index (BMI) are associated with increases in prevalence, incidence and severity of bronchial asthma.

[The global survival rate calculated by Kaplan-Meier method in children with malignant lymphomas].

The Kaplan Meier method is being used in oncology in order to calculate the survival rate during/at the end of the study. The purpose of this study is the assessment of the survival period referred to the clinical and histopathological state, laboratory findings, the diagnostic and treatment time. The material of the study is a LIMCO group (n=308 cases) hospitalized in the Oncology Department of the Children's Clinical and Emergency Hospital "Sf.

[Obesity in children: new controversies and present prevention measures].

The authors realise a synthesis on classical data and recent pathogenic explanations in childhood obesity. The obesity is a nutritional disorder of great interest nowadays and surpasses the incidence of the major problem of pediatrics until now--the malnutrition. There is documented data concerning the global incidence of obesity which is continuously growing when it comes to children.

[Therapeutic strategy in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura].

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) is the most frequent childhood primary immune vasculitis which affected skin, joints, gastro-intestinal tract and kidney. Renal involvement signs the future disease prognosis. The HSP don't have etiologic treatment but its immuno-histological aspects, leukocytoclastic vasculitis with immune complexes, imposed the including in the therapeutic equation, immunosuppressive and/or cytotoxic drugs, plasmapheresis, kidney transplant (severe renal deficiency resistant to medical treatment) and surgical treatment (in severe gastro-intestinal complications).

[Pathogenic basis of treatment in children with bronchial asthma and gastroesophageal reflux].

The relationship between bronchial asthma (BA) and gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) impose to study by frequency, reciprocally prognosis and therapeutics difficulty. Coexistence of both diseases is suggested by presence of asthmatics symptoms in non-atopic patients, difficult control and resistance of the specific treatment of asthma disease, worsening of respiratory symptoms in circumstances which favored GER. Pathogenetic relationship between BA and GER in children is the result of the associations- digestive particularity and: esophago-bronchial neurogenic mechanism produced by micro-aspiration , genetic or obtained inflammations development by commune Th2 mediators, medications effects.

[Apoptosis--basic regulatory mechanism of bone remodeling].

Bone remodeling and regeneration take place permanently and are the result of a perfect balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone synthesis performed in the bone multicellular unit. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts differentiate from precursors under the influence of cytokines, growth factors mand cellular interactions controlled by adhesion molecules. The same growth factors and cytokines that promote bone cell differentiation have an important role in the prevention of cell death that is usually produced by apoptosis.

[Hemangioendothelioma in children].

The hemangioendothelium is a vascular tumor rarely seen in the pediatric practice. This case underlines the difficulty that lies in establishing a differential diagnosis with a localized adenopathy when this vascular tumor is developing inside a ganglionic region. The surgical treatment followed by interferon therapy determined a favorable evolution in this case because the hemangioendothelium is a vascular borderline tumor.

[Global survival rate calculated by Kaplan-Mayer method in children with malignant lymphomas].

The Kaplan Maier method is being used in oncology in order to calculate the survival rate during/at the end of the study. The purpose of this study is the assessment of the survival period referred to the clinical and histopathological state, laboratory findings, the diagnostic and treatment time. The material of the study is a LIMCO group (n = 308 cases) hospitalized in the Oncology Department of the Children's Clinical and Emergency Hospital "Sf.

[Systemic lupus erythematosus in children. I: clinical and age dependent evolutive characteristics].

The individualized, retrospective study of 14 children with SLE (4-16 years) pointed out a series of clinical and age dependent evolutive characteristics. Below the age of 10 years old (lot 1:2 boys and 4 girls), SLE started as a prolonged fever syndrome (5-16 weeks) in the majority of cases; for 2 children the severe poliarthritis resistant to the AINS therapy is associated with the durable absence of the antinuclear seric antibody (ANA). For the same age group a high frequency of neurological manifestations (5/6 cases) was noticed.

[Childhood toxoplasmosis today].

The comparative study of two groups of children suffering from acquired or congenital toxoplasmosis, being in hospital during two different decades (1979-1985--39 children and 1991-1997--117 children) proved: the fact that atypical or subclinical manifestations of the acquired toxoplasmosis (54%) draws our attention to the systematic research of the infection with Toxoplasma gondii, especially at the groups with increased risk now that the frequency of the diseases generating immunodeficiency; the increased frequency of congenital toxoplasmosis (5% in the first group, 8% in the second group) and especially of the invalidating of screening tests to the pregnant women; the therapeutic arsenal limited by the rate price/toxicity/medical resistance, must be individualized for each case, taking into account the increased number of other associated diseases (chronic hepatitis B 7%, TB 17%, HIV infection 5%); Rovamicine treatment at the second group had similar results to those obtained by administrating Pirimetamine--Trimetoprim to the children from the first group.

[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in infants and small children (1 to 3 years old)].

In infant and young children (1-3 yrs), I.T.P.

[Recurrent respiratory manifestations in atopic dermatitis in small children].

The aim of the present study was the retrospective analysis (in the last 5 years) of 89 children, aged between 3 and 24 months of life, diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (D.A.) and wheezing, in comparison with a second group of 31 children admitted in the Paediatric Clinic for recurrent wheezing (R.

[The current and future outlook in immunosuppressive therapy for children].

The various cell proportions that form the immune system intervene in the activation of autoreactive cells and in the occurrence of the associated inflammatory process. Advances of the study of the mechanism involved in the autoimmunity, and the development of new immunosuppressive agents used for transplantations have deeply modified the therapeutic approaches. The classic treatment of autoimmune diseases has relied on corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs.