Using Noncontrast Computed Tomography to Improve Prediction of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Expansion.

Background: Noncontrast computed tomography hypodensities are a validated predictor of hematoma expansion (HE) in intracerebral hemorrhage and a possible alternative to the computed tomography angiography (CTA) spot sign but their added value to available prediction models remains unclear. We investigated whether the inclusion of hypodensities improves prediction of HE and compared their added value over the spot sign.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients admitted for primary spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage at the following 8 university hospitals in Boston, US (1994-2015, prospective), Hamilton, Canada (2010-2016, retrospective), Berlin, Germany (2014-2019, retrospective), Chongqing, China (2011-2015, retrospective), Pavia, Italy (2017-2019, prospective), Ferrara, Italy (2010-2019, retrospective), Brescia, Italy (2020-2021, retrospective), and Bologna, Italy (2015-2019, retrospective).

Hydrogen peroxide induced by nerve injury promotes axon regeneration via connective tissue growth factor.

Regeneration of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) leverages on extensive exchange of factors released from motor axon terminals (MATs), muscle fibers and perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs), among which hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a major pro-regenerative signal. To identify critical determinants of NMJ remodeling in response to injury, we performed temporal transcriptional profiling of NMJs from 2 month-old mice during MAT degeneration/regeneration, and cross-referenced the differentially expressed genes with those elicited by HO in SCs. We identified an enrichment in extracellular matrix (ECM) transcripts, including Connective Tissue Growth Factor (Ctgf), which is usually expressed during development.

The subcortical and neurochemical organization of the ventral and dorsal attention networks.

Attention is a core cognitive function that filters and selects behaviourally relevant information in the environment. The cortical mapping of attentional systems identified two segregated networks that mediate stimulus-driven and goal-driven processes, the Ventral and the Dorsal Attention Networks (VAN, DAN). Deep brain electrophysiological recordings, behavioral data from phylogenetic distant species, and observations from human brain pathologies challenge purely corticocentric models.

What a Single Electroencephalographic (EEG) Channel Can Tell us About Alzheimer's Disease Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Abnormalities in cortical sources of resting-state eyes closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms recorded by hospital settings (10-20 montage) with 19 scalp electrodes characterized Alzheimer's disease (AD) from preclinical to dementia stages. An intriguing rsEEG application is the monitoring and evaluation of AD progression in large populations with few electrodes in low-cost devices. Here we evaluated whether the above-mentioned abnormalities can be observed from fewer scalp electrodes in patients with mild cognitive impairment due to AD (ADMCI).

Non-contrast CT markers of intracerebral hemorrhage expansion: The influence of onset-to-CT time.

Background: Hematoma expansion (HE) is an appealing therapeutic target in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) features are promising predictors of HE.

Aims: We investigated whether onset-to-CT time influences the diagnostic performance of NCCT markers for HE.

Methods: Retrospective multicentre analysis of patients with primary ICH.

Longitudinal prediction of motor dysfunction after stroke: a disconnectome study.

Motricity is the most commonly affected ability after a stroke. While many clinical studies attempt to predict motor symptoms at different chronic time points after a stroke, longitudinal acute-to-chronic studies remain scarce. Taking advantage of recent advances in mapping brain disconnections, we predict motor outcomes in 62 patients assessed longitudinally two weeks, three months, and one year after their stroke.

What a single electroencephalographic (EEG) channel can tell us about patients with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease.

Abnormalities in cortical sources of resting-state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms recorded by hospital settings (10-20 electrode montage) with 19 scalp electrodes provide useful markers of neurophysiological dysfunctions in the vigilance regulation in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD). Here we tested whether these markers may be effective from a few scalp electrodes towards the use of low-cost recording devices. Clinical and rsEEG data acquired in hospital settings (10-20 electrode montage) from 88 ADD participants and 68 age-, education-, and sex-matched normal elderly controls (Nold) were available in an international Eurasian database.

In Vivo Parieto-Occipital White Matter Metabolism Is Correlated with Visuospatial Deficits in Adult DM1 Patients.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a genetic disorder caused by a (CTG) expansion in the DM protein kinase (DMPK) gene, representing the most common adult muscular dystrophy, characterized by a multisystem involvement with predominantly skeletal muscle and brain affection. Neuroimaging studies showed widespread white matter changes and brain atrophy in DM1, but only a few studies investigated the role of white matter metabolism in the pathophysiology of central nervous system impairment. We aim to reveal the relationship between the metabolic profile of parieto-occipital white matter (POWM) as evaluated with proton MR spectroscopy technique, with the visuoperceptual and visuoconstructional dysfunctions in DM1 patients.

Correction: Machado et al. Cognitive Intervention Strategies Directed to Speech and Language Deficits in Primary Progressive Aphasia: Practice-Based Evidence from 18 Cases. 2021, , 1268.

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Consensus of the Brazilian Headache Society (SBCe) for prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine: part II.

Background: Migraine affects 1 billion people worldwide and > 30 million Brazilians; besides, it is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disorder.

Objective: The need to disseminate knowledge about the prophylactic treatment of migraine is known, so the Brazilian Headache Society (SBCe, in the Portuguese acronym) appointed a committee of authors with the objective of establishing a consensus with recommendations on the prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine based on articles from the world literature as well as from personal experience.

Methods: Meetings were held entirely online, with the participation of 12 groups that reviewed and wrote about the pharmacological categories of drugs and, at the end, met to read and finish the document.

Consensus of the Brazilian Headache Society (SBCe) for the Prophylactic Treatment of Episodic Migraine: part I.

The Brazilian Headache Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Cefaleia, SBCe, in Portuguese) nominated a Committee of Authors with the aim of establishing a consensus with recommendations regarding prophylactic treatment for episodic migraine based on articles published in the worldwide literature, as well as personal experience. Migraine affects 1 billion people around the world and more than 30 million Brazilians. In addition, it is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disorder.

Late-onset Fabry disease due to a new (p.Pro380Leu) pathogenic variant of GLA Gene.

Fabry disease is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder due to pathogenic variants of the galactosidase alpha (GLA) gene, leading to a deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A. The inadequate enzymatic activity leads to progressive glycosphingolipids accumulation within tissues and subsequent multi-systemic dysfunction, with predominant involvement of heart, kidney, and nervous system. Two subtypes are recognized: the classic type and the late-onset type.

Hypermobile spectrum disorders symptoms in patients with functional neurological disorders and autism spectrum disorders: A preliminary study.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and functional neurological disorders (FNDs) share some clinical characteristics such as alexithymia, sensory sensitivity and interoceptive issues. Recent evidence shows that both the disorders present symptoms compatible with a diagnosis of hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and hypermobile spectrum disorders (hEDS/HSD), a heterogeneous group of heritable connective tissue disorders characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue fragility. Here we compared the prevalence of hEDS/HSD-related symptoms in a group of patients with FNDs, of people with ASDs without intellectual disabilities, and a non-clinical comparison group (NC).

Endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke and cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Although stroke occurs frequently in patients with cancer, there is scarce evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke and concurrent cancer. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the existing literature.

Methods: We searched for English written observational studies reporting data on safety and efficacy of EVT in patients with acute ischemic stroke and concurrent cancer.

What's new in insomnia? Diagnosis and treatment.

Although, insomnia is one of the most common diseases that health professionals face in their practice, it receives little attention in medical training. Diagnosis is based on a careful history taking, and physicians must be aware of the diagnostic criteria. Insomnia should not be considered a symptom, but a comorbid condition.

Genetic investigation of dementias in clinical practice.

Background: The field of neurodegenerative dementia genetics has advanced significantly over the past two decades, but there are still more to be discovered (such as the gene mutation in some familial forms of dementia).

Objective: to provide a brief review of the most recent discoveries regarding monogenic dementia, and covering the most frequent genetic diseases that can cause dementia (neurodegenerative or not).

Methods: a review of the literature will be carried out.

Towards a validated definition of the clinical transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: A study from the Italian MS Register.

Background: Definitions for reliable identification of transition from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) to secondary progressive (SP)MS in clinical cohorts are not available.

Objectives: To compare diagnostic performances of two different data-driven SPMS definitions.

Methods: Data-driven SPMS definitions based on a version of Lorscheider's algorithm (DDA) and on the EXPAND trial inclusion criteria were compared, using the neurologist's definition (ND) as gold standard, in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and area under the curve (AUC).

A Second Case With the V374A Pathogenic Variant in an Italian Patient With Early-Onset Spinocerebellar Ataxia.

Background And Objectives: To date, approximately 20 heterozygous mainly loss-of-function variants in have been associated with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 19 and 22, a clinically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. We aimed at reporting the second patients with the V374A mutation from an independent family, confirming its pathogenic role.

Methods: We describe the clinical history of a patient with SCA and conducted genetic investigations including mitochondrial DNA analysis and exome sequencing.

EEG Evaluation of Stress Exposure on Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Emergency: Not Just an Impression.

Psychological distress among healthcare professionals, although already a common condition, was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This effect has been generally self-reported or assessed through questionnaires. We aimed to identify potential abnormalities in the electrical activity of the brain of healthcare workers, operating in different roles during the pandemic.