Primary Urinary Bladder Tumors in Three Guinea Pigs (Cavia Porcellus).

Urinary bladder tumors are not common in guinea pigs, but case numbers being diagnosed have increased in the past years. The authors present 3 referred cases of primary urinary bladder tumors in pet guinea pigs diagnosed using diagnostic imaging (CT, radiography, and ultrasonography) and exploratory laparotomy. Excision was not possible in the first case as the tumor was located at the neck of the urinary bladder and the owner opted for intraoperative euthanasia.

The neuropeptide PACAP alleviates T. gondii infection-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal impairment.

Background: Cerebral infection with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is responsible for inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) contributing to subtle neuronal alterations. Albeit essential for brain parasite control, continuous microglia activation and recruitment of peripheral immune cells entail distinct neuronal impairment upon infection-induced neuroinflammation.

Canine Saliva as a Possible Source of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes.

While the One Health issues of intensive animal farming are commonly discussed, keeping companion animals is less associated with the interspecies headway of antimicrobial resistance. With the constant advance in veterinary standards, antibiotics are regularly applied in companion animal medicine. Due to the close coexistence of dogs and humans, dog bites and other casual encounters with dog saliva (e.

Application of Moxidectin and Ultrasound-Aided Injection of Melarsomine During the American Heartworm Society Recommended Treatment Protocol in Infected Dogs.

The American Heartworm Society (AHS) recommends the three-dose alternate melarsomine therapeutic regimen, together with a macrocyclic lactone (ML) to reduce new infections and eliminate susceptible larvae and doxycycline against bacteria. Till now, only reports on ivermectin as an ML exist in the frame of this protocol. Between 2014 and 2020, the AHS protocol was used in 44 heartworm-positive dogs.

Experimental assessment of three electrosurgical tissue-sealing devices in a porcine model.

Three electrosurgical tissue-sealing devices (EnSeal ETSDRC-01, LigaSure LS1500 and Thunderbeat TB-0535PC) were compared regarding sealing time (ST), maximum working temperature (WTmax) and the total (MTZtotal) as well as the collateral microscopic thermal injury zone (MTZcollat) using laparoscopic handpieces 5 mm in diameter on four types of tissue (liver, mesentery, cross striated muscle and spleen) in an in vivo porcine model. LigaSure had the lowest mean ST in spleen, mesentery, muscle and liver, followed by Thunderbeat and EnSeal with significant differences between all types of tissues and devices. The significantly lowest mean WTmax was obtained for EnSeal in mesentery, muscle and liver.

Longitudinal Volumetric Assessment of Ventricular Enlargement in Pet Dogs Trained for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies.

Background: Recent studies suggest that clinically sound ventriculomegaly in dogs could be a preliminary form of the clinically significant hydrocephalus. We evaluated changes of ventricular volumes in awake functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) trained dogs with indirectly assessed cognitive abilities over time (thus avoiding the use of anaesthetics, which can alter the pressure). Our research question was whether ventricular enlargement developing over time would have any detrimental effect on staying still while being scanned; which can be extrapolated to the ability to pay attention and to exert inhibition.

Measurement of tear production and establishment of reference values in guinea pigs () using a modified Schirmer tear test.

Background: Past studies have shown that 5-mm Schirmer tear tests (STTs) are difficult to interpret in guinea pigs. Modified 2.5-mm STT strips are more adequate for measuring the small volume of tear production in these animals.

Immunomodulatory Effects of the Neuropeptide Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in Acute .

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) is an endogenous neuropeptide with distinct functions including the regulation of inflammatory processes. PACAP is able to modify the immune response by directly regulating macrophages and monocytes inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and free radicals. Here, we analyzed the effect of exogenous PACAP on peripheral immune cell subsets upon acute infection with the parasite .

Morphological evaluation of experimental autologous rectus fascia sheath vascular grafts used for arterial replacement in a dog model.

Although experimental autologous patch or tubular conduit vascular grafts made from the internal rectus fascia sheath (IRFS) have been reported in the literature, thorough morphological evaluation and verification of the histological arterialisation of such grafts are lacking. Four purpose-bred Beagle dogs were utilised to create eight arterial internal rectus fascia sheath (ARFS) grafts implanted between bisected ends of the external iliac arteries. Four out of the eight ARFS grafts were patent after three months.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide ameliorates experimental acute ileitis and extra-intestinal sequelae.

Background: The neuropeptide Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) plays pivotal roles in immunity and inflammation. So far, potential immune-modulatory properties of PACAP have not been investigated in experimental ileitis.

Methodology/principal Findings: Mice were perorally infected with Toxoplasma (T.

Serum feline-specific pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations and abdominal ultrasonographic findings in cats with trauma resulting from high-rise syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate serum feline-specific pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI) concentrations and abdominal ultrasonographic findings in cats with trauma resulting from high-rise syndrome.

Design: Prospective case series. Animals-34 client-owned cats.

Laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy and ovariectomy in standing horses using the EnSeal® tissue-sealing device.

In the present series of cases, 8 laparoscopic cryptorchidectomies and 4 laparoscopic ovariectomies were carried out in sedated standing horses. Sedation involved a lesser anaesthesiological risk than does general anaesthesia. As compared to laparotomic exposure, the minimally invasive laparoscopic intervention provided better visualisation, shorter operative time and faster recovery.

Evaluation of EnSeal®, an adaptive bipolar electrosurgical tissue-sealing device.

Relatively few, and inconsistent, data are available in the literature about the properties of EnSeal®, an electrosurgical tissue-sealing device. For this reason, we conducted control safety tests on experimental pigs. The mean burst pressure of sealed vessels (2-7 mm in diameter) proved to be 873.

Experimental results of using autologous rectus fascia sheath for venous patch grafts in dogs.

Autologous vascular patch grafts developed from the internal rectus sheath were implanted onto the bilateral common iliac vein and jugular vein of 4 experimental beagle dogs. During the development and implanting of the grafts no technical difficulties or perioperative complications were encountered. The follow-up lasted 6 months and 3 months in the case of the common iliac vein grafts and the jugular grafts, respectively.

Vertebral osteomyelitis and meningomyelitis caused by Pasteurella canis in a dog--clinicopathological case report.

A clinicopathological case study of vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Pasteurella canis in a 2.5-year-old male Jack Russell Terrier is presented. The case was characterised by a chronic course with signs of spinal pain and acute paraplegia.

Long-term results of subtotal colectomy for acquired hypertrophic megacolon in eight dogs.

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term results of subtotal colectomy for acquired hypertrophic megacolon in the dog.

Methods: Eight dogs with acquired hypertrophic megacolon underwent subtotal colectomy with preservation of the ileocolic junction. Long-term follow-up was obtained by clinical records and telephone interviews with the owners.

Mycoplasma felis arthritis in two cats.

This report describes the occurrence of non-weightbearing lameness caused by Mycoplasma felis monoarthritis in two, immunocompetent, European, shorthair adult cats with a suspected history of trauma. Clinical signs recurred after conservative treatment. The joints were treated surgically and M felis was identified as the causative agent for the monoarthritis.

A comparison of extradural and intravenous methadone on intraoperative isoflurane and postoperative analgesia requirements in dogs.

Objective: To compare the effects of intravenous (IV) and extradural (ED) methadone on end-tidal isoflurane concentration (Fe'ISO) and postoperative analgesic requirements in dogs undergoing femoro-tibial joint surgery.

Study Design: Randomized, blinded, clinical study. Animals Twenty-four healthy client-owned dogs undergoing surgical repair of ruptured cruciate ligaments.

A computer program for calculation of doses and prices of injectable medications based on body weight or body surface area.

A computer program (CalcAnesth) was developed with Visual Basic for the purpose of calculating the doses and prices of injectable medications on the basis of body weight or body surface area. The drug names, concentrations, and prices are loaded from a drug database. This database is a simple text file, that the user can easily create or modify.

Concentrations of clindamycin in the mandibular bone of companion animals.

Concentrations of clindamycin in the mandible were determined in 17 dogs and 13 cats with severe plaque, gingivitis/periodontitis, and calculus that were treated orally with clindamycin (11 mg/kg) once daily for 5 days prior to professional teeth cleaning and extractions. The animals were patients at the Dental Department of the Clinic for Surgery and Ophthalmology of the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria. Clindamycin levels were determined during postextractional alveoloplasty.

Treatment of periodontal pockets with doxycycline in beagles.

Following pretreatment with clindamycin, cleaning, scaling, polishing, and curettage, six beagles that were patients at the Dental Department of the Clinic for Surgery and Ophthalmology of the University of Veterinary Medicine of Vienna received a doxycycline polymer filling (Doxirobe, Pharmacia Animal Health) in periodontal pockets of teeth 204, 208, 304, and 309. Gingivitis index, gingival crevicular fluid, probing depth, and attachment loss were determined before and 6 and 12 weeks after treatment. Teeth 104, 108, 404, and 409 did not receive antibiotic therapy but were pretreated in the same manner as the doxycycline-treated teeth.

Effect of clindamycin hydrochloride on gingival crevicular fluid and immune mediators in beagles.

Gingivitis and periodontitis, two frequently observed conditions in dogs, are primarily caused by bacterial plaque. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and some of the biochemical substances contained in it are used diagnostically and to evaluate the success of treatment. A double-blind study using a crossover design was conducted to evaluate treatment with clindamycin hydrochloride on the amount of GCF and concentrations of its immune mediators (leukotriene B4 [LTB4], prostaglandin E2 [PGE2], and polymorphonuclear [PMN] elastase) in dogs.

Arthroscopic autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty for the treatment of subchondral cystic lesion in the medial femoral condyle in a horse.

An 11-year-old, Hungarian half-bred stallion was presented with a history of mixed left hindlimb lameness of 6 months duration. Subchondral bone cyst of the medial femoral condyle and injury of the medial meniscus were diagnosed. Osteochondral autograft transplantation (mosaic arthroplasty) was performed, taking grafts from the less weight-bearing medial border of the medial femoral trochlea of the affected limb, and transplanting them into the cyst during arthroscopy.

The surgical technique and the age of the horse both influence the outcome of mosaicplasty in a cadaver equine stifle model.

Six pieces of grafts, 6.5 mm in diameter, 20 mm in length, were taken from each of 170 cadaver hindlimbs, using the cranial surface of the medial femoral trochlea for harvesting. The age of the horses varied between 4 months and 23 years.