Phantom evaluation of feasibility and applicability of artificial intelligence based pulmonary nodule detection in chest radiographs.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the specific performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for lung nodule detection in chest radiography for a larger number of nodules of different sizes and densities using a standardized phantom approach. A total of 450 nodules with varying density (d1 to d3) and size (3, 5, 8, 10 and 12 mm) were inserted in a Lungman phantom at various locations. Radiographic images with varying projections were acquired and processed using the AI algorithm for nodule detection.

Gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids signatures in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients: A retrospective study.

Studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are associated with the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). This study explored the clinical and laboratory evidence of the relationship of GM and SCFAs to PMO and attempted to determine the potential mechanism of action. 18 patients (Collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University between January 2021 and August 2021) were included in this retrospective study, including 10 PMO women and 8 healthy young women as the healthy control (HC) group from Guangzhou, China.

Lateral center-edge angle in femoroacetabular impingement: from the sourcil or the rim of the acetabulum?

The correlation between clinical outcomes and preoperative/postoperative measures of the lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) will help establish the cutoff values for this measurement and determine whether to obtain it from the lateral acetabular rim (LCEAR) or the lateral end of the sourcil (LCEAS). The hypothesis was that the LCEAS would be more sensitive than the LCEAR. An upper cutoff value of LCEA could predict better functional outcomes in FAI patients.

Getting closer to the coronary arteries: A bibliometric analysis of CT-based adipose tissue imaging in coronary artery disease.

The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of CT-based adipose tissue imaging related to coronary artery disease (CAD) to investigate the dynamic development of this field. Web of Science Core Collection was used as our data source to identify relevant documents limited to articles or review articles and written in English with no time restrictions. Then we analyzed the whole trend of publications and utilized VOSviewer and Bibliometrix to conduct a bibliometric analysis including citations, keywords, countries, institutions, authors as well as co-citation analyses of cited references and sources.

Femoral neck fracture in a senile patient with primary hyperparathyroidism: A case report.

Rationale: As a rare cause of femoral neck fracture, usually, hyperparathyroidism is missed diagnosed by orthopedist. Patient can present with various disappearance of clinical manifestations. Primary hyperparathyroidism in senile male population is commonly an asymptomatic disorder discovered incidentally through routine lab testing.

Evaluating the prognostic impact of hypoperfusion intensity ratio in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing early-phase endovascular thrombectomy.

This research aimed to assess the prognostic relevance of the hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR) concerning 90-day outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) managed within the early intervention window. A retrospective review was conducted on AIS patients who received pretreatment computed tomography perfusion imaging and endovascular thrombectomy due to large vessel occlusions in the anterior circulation between January 2020 and September 2022. Clinical data, including the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) from non-contrast CT, along with perfusion metrics such as ischemic core, hypoperfusion extent, core-penumbra mismatch, and HIR, were analyzed.

Comparison of clinical outcomes between conventional and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection for duodenal neuroendocrine tumors.

Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors are relatively rare subepithelial tumors that arise from cells of the neuroendocrine system. Small duodenal neuroendocrine tumors can be treated endoscopically because of their low potential for metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of conventional and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection for duodenal neuroendocrine tumors.

Progressive Loss of Cerebral Structures in ALG11-Related Congenital Disorder Glycosylation.

Background: Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of metabolic disorders related to dysfunctional glycoprotein and glycolipid biosynthesis. ALG11-related CDG is a rare member of this group, characterized by severe neurodevelopmental impairment, progressive microcephaly, sensorineural hearing loss, and epilepsy. The objective of this report is to provide an update on the phenotype and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at age seven years for a patient initially described in early infancy with fetal brain disruption sequence.

Computed tomography-based absolute delta radiomics nomogram for predicting perineural invasion in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics nomogram in predicting perineural invasion (PNI) in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC).

Materials And Methods: Overall, 146 patients were retrospectively recruited and divided into training and test cohorts at a 7:3 ratio. Radiomics features were extracted and delta and absolute delta radiomics features were calculated.

A thermally polarized, dissolved-phase Xe phantom for quality-control and multisite comparisons of gas-exchange imaging.

Harmonizing and validating Xe gas exchange imaging across multiple sites is hampered by a lack of a quantitative standard that 1) displays the unique spectral properties of Xe observed from human subjects in vivo and 2) has short enough T times to enable practical imaging. This work describes and demonstrates the development of two dissolved-phase, thermally polarized phantoms that mimic the in-vivo, red blood cell and membrane resonances of Xe dissolved in human lungs. Following optimization, combinations of two common organic solvents, acetone and dimethyl sulfoxide, resulted in two in-vivo-like dissolved-phase Xe phantoms yielding chemical shifts of 212.

Mapping alterations in the local synchrony of the cerebral cortex in Prader Willi syndrome.

Individuals with Prader Willi syndrome (PWS) often exhibit behavioral difficulties characterized by deficient impulse regulation and obsessive-compulsive features resembling those observed in obsessive-compulsive disorder. The genetic configuration of PWS aligns with molecular and neurophysiological findings suggesting dysfunction in the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneuron system may contribute to its clinical manifestation. In the cerebral cortex, this dysfunction is expressed as desynchronization of local neural activity.

PET-CT-based host metabolic (PETMet) features are associated with pathologic response in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Background: F-FDG PET-CT-based host metabolic (PETMet) profiling of non-tumor tissue is a novel approach to incorporate the patient-specific response to cancer into clinical algorithms.

Materials And Methods: A prospectively maintained institutional database of gastroesophageal cancer patients was queried for pretreatment PET-CTs, demographics, and clinicopathologic variables. F-FDG PET avidity was measured in 9 non-tumor tissue types (liver, spleen, 4 muscles, 3 fat locations).

PADS-Net: GAN-based radiomics using multi-task network of denoising and segmentation for ultrasonic diagnosis of Parkinson disease.

Parkinson disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, and its accurate diagnosis is crucial for timely intervention. We propose the PArkinson disease Denoising and Segmentation Network (PADS-Net), to simultaneously denoise and segment transcranial ultrasound images of midbrain for accurate PD diagnosis. The PADS-Net is built upon generative adversarial networks and incorporates a multi-task deep learning framework aimed at optimizing the tasks of denoising and segmentation for ultrasound images.

Attention incorporated network for sharing low-rank, image and k-space information during MR image reconstruction to achieve single breath-hold cardiac Cine imaging.

Cardiac Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides an accurate assessment of heart morphology and function in clinical practice. However, MRI requires long acquisition times, with recent deep learning-based methods showing great promise to accelerate imaging and enhance reconstruction quality. Existing networks exhibit some common limitations that constrain further acceleration possibilities, including single-domain learning, reliance on a single regularization term, and equal feature contribution.

Adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma following curative resection: A randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background Aims: The role of adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following curative resection remains controversial. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant TACE in HCC patients.

Approach Results: In this randomized phase 3 trial, histologically confirmed HCC patients (AJCC TNM stage I and II) were randomly assigned (1:1) to adjuvant TACE or observation groups.

Validation of Clinical Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Perfusion Modeling and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response Prediction in Breast Cancer Using FDG and Cu-DOTA-Trastuzumab Positron Emission Tomography Studies.

Purpose: Perfusion modeling presents significant opportunities for imaging biomarker development in breast cancer but has historically been held back by the need for data beyond the clinical standard of care (SoC) and uncertainty in the interpretability of results. We aimed to design a perfusion model applicable to breast cancer SoC dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) series with results stable to low temporal resolution imaging, comparable with published results using full-resolution DCE-MRI, and correlative with orthogonal imaging modalities indicative of biophysical markers.

Methods: Subsampled high-temporal-resolution DCE-MRI series were run through our perfusion model and resulting fits were compared for consistency.

Planned Surgical Trajectory Affects Clinical Motor Outcome in Deep Brain Stimulation Targeted at Subthalamic Nucleus for Parkinson's Disease.

Background And Objectives: Surgical planning is critical to achieve optimal outcome in deep brain stimulation (DBS). The relationship between clinical outcomes and DBS electrode position relative to subthalamic nucleus (STN) is well investigated, but the role of surgical trajectory remains unclear. We sought to determine whether preoperatively planned DBS lead trajectory relates to adequate motor outcome in STN-DBS for Parkinson's disease (PD).

Sleep Disturbance and Postconcussive Symptoms in Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Orthopedic Injury.

Objective: Sleep disturbance (SD) is common after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and may predict increased postconcussive symptoms (PCS) and prolonged recovery. Our objective was to investigate the relation of SD with PCS in children with mTBI and those with orthopedic injury (OI).

Setting: Emergency departments (EDs) at 2 children's hospitals in the Midwestern United States.

Traumatic Vertebral Artery Injury After Subaxial Cervical Spine Injuries: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Long-Term Outcomes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: Vertebral artery injury (VAI) because of traumatic subaxial cervical spine injury is a rare but potentially devastating condition as it could lead to stroke. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence, risk factors, outcomes, and radiographic predictors of VAI in patients surgically treated for subaxial cervical spine injuries at a tertiary care trauma center.

Methods: This is a retrospective population-based cohort study, including all patients surgically treated for traumatic subaxial cervical spine injuries at the study center between 2006 and 2018.

Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome System Implementation in Outpatient Cardiovascular Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The integration of patient-reported outcome (PRO) assessments in cardiovascular care has encountered considerable obstacles despite their established clinical relevance.

Objective: To assess the impact of a physician- and patient-friendly electronic PRO (ePRO) monitoring system on the quality of cardiovascular care in clinical practice.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This open-label, multicenter, pilot randomized clinical trial was phase 2 of a multiphase study that was conducted from October 2022 to October 2023 and focused on the implementation and evaluation of an ePRO monitoring system in outpatient clinics in Japan.

Exploring the neuroprotective benefits of phytochemicals extracted from indigenous edible fruits in Bangladesh.

The increasing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and the constraints of existing treatment methods have spurred a keen interest in investigating alternative therapies. Medicinal plants, renowned for their long-standing use in traditional medicine, offer a hopeful avenue for discovering new neuroprotective agents. This study emphasizes the potential neuroprotective characteristics of edible fruit plants in Bangladesh, specifically focusing on their traditional folk medicine uses for neurological disorders.

Targeting CHEK1: Ginsenosides-Rh2 and Cu2O@G-Rh2 nanoparticles in thyroid cancer.

Thyroid cancer (THCA) is an increasingly common malignant tumor of the endocrine system, with its incidence rising steadily in recent years. For patients who experience recurrence or metastasis, treatment options are relatively limited, and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, exploring new therapeutic strategies has become particularly urgent.

Temporal comparison of radiological and functional outcomes in calcaneal fracture surgery with and without iliac crest graft application: Mid- to long-term results.

Background: The standard approach for addressing intra-articular calcaneal fractures involves open reduction with plate and screw fixation, with ongoing discourse regarding the application of grafts to address bone gaps. The aim of this study is the temporal comparison of the radiological and functional outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for intra-articular calcaneal fractures, with a specific focus on the use of bone grafts.

Methods: Thirty patients, comprising 13 with iliac grafts and 17 without, were enrolled in the study.

[New systemic treatment approach for primary lymphoma of the orbit and the ocular adnexa].

Background: Orbital lymphomas are the most frequently occurring malignant tumor entities in this region. They are less frequently also localized in the ocular adnexa and show a high entity-specific heterogeneity regarding the treatment and prognosis.

Objective: This article gives an overview of the heterogeneity of symptoms of orbital lymphoma and lymphoma of the ocular adnexa and focuses on new systemic options for treatment of this disease.