YouTube provides insufficient information on patellofemoral instability.

Objective: Videos uploaded to YouTube do not go through a review process, and therefore, videos related to patellofemoral instability may have little educational value. The purpose of this study was to assess the educational quality of YouTube videos regarding patellofemoral instability.

Methods: A standard search was performed on the YouTube database using the following terms: "unstable kneecap," "patellar instability," "patellofemoral instability," "kneecap dislocation," and "patellar dislocation," and the top 50 videos based on the "relevance" assignment of the YouTube algorithm were included for analysis.

Potential Protective Role of Galectin-3 in Patients with Gonarthrosis and Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Gonarthrosis and diabetes mellitus are two diseases that are increasingly being linked. The aim of this study was to quantify serum levels of Gal-3, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (including their ratios and correlations), and participant's condition (pain, stiffness, functional limitations) in gonarthrosis patients with and without diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A between-subject, cross-sectional experimental design was adopted.

Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome Effect and Role in Disease Development.

In recent years, it has been shown that gastrointestinal microflora has a substantial impact on the development of a large number of chronic diseases. The imbalance in the number or type of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to diseases and conditions, including autism spectrum disorder, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, diabetes, and small bowel cancers. This can occur as a result of genetics, alcohol, tobacco, chemotherapeutics, cytostatics, as well as antibiotic overuse.

The self-assessment of newly graduated orthopedic surgeons on essential surgical procedures.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the self-confidence of newly graduated orthopedic surgeons on performing essential surgi- cal procedures.

Methods: The study included 151 orthopedics and traumatology surgeons who had completed their (orthopedics and traumatology) training within the last year. They were asked to complete an online questionnaire which was available from February 2020 to May 2021.

An alternative solution of donor site venous problems in free flap reconstruction of skin defects in the volar region of the finger: Transposition of dorsal skin veins.

Objecitive: The volar surface of the fingers has unique functional and cosmetic properties. When conventional methods are insufficient to reconstruct the volar defects of fingers, the only effective method is free flaps. Fingers have proper arteries, but veins are the most problematic for free flap surgery.

The cognitive-behavioral aspects of the Mulligan concept of manual therapy: A systematic review.

Low back pain (LBP) is a common clinical problem imposing a prominent socio-economic burden. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the biopsychosocial effects of the Mulligan Concept (MC) of manual therapy (MT) when applied to patient's with LBP. Three researchers independently evaluated the literature quality, and completed a review on five online databases (Medline, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, ProQuest and Google Scholar) for articles published from January 1st 2010 to November 20th 2021, using a combination of free words, Wildcards and Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms: " Mulligan mobilization " AND " back pain " OR " SNAGs.

Ultrasonographic Measurement of Median Nerve Cross-Sectional Area in Evaluating Carpal Tunnel Release Outcomes.

Purpose: Earlier research has explored carpal tunnel release (CTR) surgery outcomes using electrodiagnostic tests (EDX). However, evaluation of the median nerve before and after CTR by ultrasound (US) is understudied. This study aimed to establish the outcomes of CTR by EDX and US, and examine the correlation between the clinical improvement and US after CTR.

Isolated Meniscotibial Ligament Rupture: The Medial Meniscus "Belt Lesion".

Ramp lesions play a major role in both anteroposterior and rotational instability following anterior cruciate ligament rupture. The meniscotibial ligament (MTL) is the most important structure to repair and is the primary stabilizer of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. The posteroinferior insertion of the MTL on the posterior horn of the medial has been described, forming a posterior "belt.

Analysis of risk factors affecting mortality in elderly patients operated on for hip fractures: A retrospective comparative study.

Objective: The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the effects of different demographic and perioperative modalities on mortality rates and (2) to compare mortality rates between different implants in elderly patients operated on for hip fractures.

Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 314 patients who were operated on for hip fractures were included study. Patients were then divided into four groups based in their implant types: long-stem cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty (n = 124; 102 female, 22 male; mean age = 84.

Mid-term clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic repair of isolated and combined subscapularis tears: A single-center experience.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term clinical and radiological results of patients who underwent arthroscopic subscapularis (SSC) tendon repair and to address the possible effect of repair technique(single or double row), tear pattern, and concomitant procedures among supraspinatus tears and long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) pathologies on outcomes and failure parameters.

Methods: 45 patients (24 female; mean age = 55.9 years, age range = 37 - 78) who underwent arthroscopic repair of an SSC tear between January 2009 and December 2016 were retrospectively identified and included inthe study.

Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Turkish-specific acromioclavicular score.

Objective: The Specific Acromioclavicular Score (SACS) is a questionnaire that assesses functional outcomes for Acromioclavicular Joint (ACJ) pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ease of use, reliability, and validity of the Turkish-translated and culturally adapted form of the SACS.

Methods: The SACSwas translated into Turkish according to Beaton's recommendations.

Military Orthopedic Surgeons Are Not Just Traumatologists.

Introduction: Each French military orthopedic surgeon is both an orthopedic surgeon and a trauma surgeon. Their mission is to support the armed forces in France and on deployment. The aim of this study was to describe the type of orthopedic surgery performed for the armed forces in France.

Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for pillar pain after open carpal tunnel release: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study.

Background: Pillar pain may develop after carpal tunnel release surgery (CTRS). This prospective double-blinded randomized trial investigated the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in pillar pain relief and hand function improvement.

Methods: The sample consisted of 60 patients with post-CTRS pillar pain, randomized into two groups.

Retired French Military Orthopedic Surgeons' Opinions on Their Careers.

Introduction: Owing to their professional and personal experiences, retired military orthopedic surgeons' views of their careers are a unique source of inspiration. Reflecting on their experiences allows them to grasp the positive points and those that need to be improved for future generations. The purpose of this study is to gather the opinions of retired surgeons on the career of military orthopedic surgeons.

Rare Intercondylar Distal Femoral Brodie's Abscess in a 21-Year-Old Man Who Refused Medical Care for Three Years after Initial Symptoms.

Brodie's abscess is a rare form of sub-acute osteomyelitis that implies the collection of pus inside bone tissue. The present paper presents an extremely rare case of Brodie's abscess located in the distal femur in a young male patient who refused medical care for three years and presented directly with spontaneous fistula and septic complications. Laboratory tests also suggested chronic septic alterations.

Proximal tibiofibular stabilization by anatomical ligamentoplasty and diaphyseal osteotomy of the fibula.

Proximal tibiofibular instability is a rare condition for which treatment is poorly codified. A 21-year-old patient, a leisure sportswoman, presented a post-traumatic anterolateral instability of the proximal tibiofibular articulation without cartilage lesion. We propose an original surgical technique based on a review of the literature that combines an anatomical ligamentoplasty of the proximal tibiofibular joint and a proximal fibular diaphyseal osteotomy to reduce the distal tibiofibular mechanical stresses.

Comparison of two surgical techniques for the treatment of transverse olecranon fractures: A finite element study.

Background: In this study, we aimed to compare the stability of traditional tension band wiring (TBW) and screw combined TBW (SC-TBW) fixation methods performed for a transverse olecranon osteotomy-fracture during different degrees of elbow movement by using finite element analysis.

Methods: Three-dimensional solid modeling of the olecranon was obtained by computed tomography images. Transverse olecranon fracture was created and fixed by TBW and SC-TBW with respect to triceps muscle force.

Open reduction and Salter innominate osteotomy combined with femoral osteotomy in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip: Comparison of results before and after the age of 4 years.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological findings of radical reduction (open reduction and Salter innominate osteotomy combined with femoral osteotomy) for children of walking age, younger and older than 4 years in the treatment of with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods: In this retrospective study, children of walking age with DDH who underwent radical reduction between 2008 and 2014 were identified. They were then divided into 2 groups according to the age at which the surgery was performed: before and after the age of 4 years.

How frequent should the radiographic examination be to monitor magnetically controlled growing rods? A retrospective look two to seven years postoperatively.

Purpose: Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) allow more frequent outpatient lengthenings to better mimic the physiological growth. The assessment of distractions with radiographs raised concerns regarding ionizing radiation exposure in growing children. The aim was to assess the necessity of radiographs after every lengthening of MCGR.

Polygonogram with isobolographic synergy for three-drug combinations of phenobarbital with second-generation antiepileptic drugs in the tonic-clonic seizure model in mice.

Background: Combination therapy consisting of two or more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is usually prescribed for patients with refractory epilepsy. The drug-drug interactions, which may occur among currently available AEDs, are the principal criterion taken by physicians when prescribing the AED combination to the patients. Unfortunately, the number of possible three-drug combinations tremendously increases along with the clinical approval of novel AEDs.

A novel autologous bone graft substitute comprised of rhBMP6 blood coagulum as carrier tested in a randomized and controlled Phase I trial in patients with distal radial fractures.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are known to induce new bone formation in vivo but treating trabecular bone defects with a BMP based therapeutic remains controversial. Here, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel Autologous Bone Graft Substitute (ABGS) comprised of recombinant human BMP6 (rhBMP6) dispersed within an autologous blood coagulum (ABC) as a physiological natural carrier in patients with a closed distal radial fracture (DRF). We enrolled 32 patients in a randomized, standard of care (SoC) and placebo (PBO) controlled, double-blinded Phase I First in Human (FiH) clinical trial.

Induced membrane technique with sequential internal fixation: use of a reinforced spacer for reconstruction of infected bone defects.

Purpose: To evaluate a novel sequential internal fixation strategy using a reinforced spacer for infected bone defect reconstruction by the induced membrane technique (IMT).

Methods: A retrospective case study was performed among patients treated for infected bone defects by applying this strategy. Following radical debridement, temporary stabilization was provided by a massive cement spacer combined with minimal intramedullary fixation during step 1.

Comparison of peripheral nerve repair using ethyl-cyanoacrylate and conventional suture technique in a rat sciatic nerve injury model.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of primary nerve repair using either ethyl-cyanoacrylate or conventional microsuture technique in a rat peripheral nerve injury model.

Methods: In this study, a total of 30 Wistar Albino rats weighing between 220 and 275 g were used. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (10 in each), including one control (group 1) and two experimental groups (group 2, conventional microsuture repair; group 3, cyanoacrylate repair).

Effect of kirenol on the interaction between the WNT/β-Catenin and RUNX2/TCF/LEF1 pathways in fracture healing in vivo.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of a natural diterpenoid, kirenol, on fracture healing in vivo in an experimental rat model of femur fracture and investigate its potential mechanism of action via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Methods: In this study, 64 male Wistar albino rats aged 5-7 weeks and weighing 261-348 g were randomly divided into 8 groups from A to L, with eight rats in each group. Standardized fractures were created in the right femurs of the rats and then fixed with an intramedullary Kirschner wire.