The association between preoperative lacunar infarcts and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: The primary goal was to investigate whether the presence of preoperative lacunar infarcts (LACI) was associated with postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery.

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: Patients aged ≥ 65 years from a tertiary level A hospital in China.

Anxiety Disorders, Anxious Symptomology and Related Behaviors Associated With Migraine: A Narrative Review of Prevalence and Impact.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the relationship between migraine, anxiety and related disorders, anxious symptomology and related behaviors.

Recent Findings: Generalized anxiety, other anxious disorders and migraine are comorbid. In addition, anxious symptomology and behaviors are common in people with migraine even if they do not meet diagnostic criteria or threshold.

Aging with HIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the most effective therapeutic intervention for HIV infection. With improved survival, comorbidities, including neuropsychiatric and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) are of increasing concern to aging people with HIV (PWH). The clinical features and the inter-individual variability of the aging process confound the elucidation of the diagnosis and underlying mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in aging PWH.

Acceptability and Preliminary Effects of Intensive Brief Trauma-Focused PTSD Treatment for Refugees.

Background: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a significant mental health concern in refugee populations exposed to trauma and displacement. Traditional treatments for PTSD often involve lengthy interventions. However, there's a growing interest in exploring more condensed, intensive treatments to improve outcomes and accessibility for refugees.

Children who survive torture: A systematic review of screening, documentation and treatment of torture injuries in children.

Background: Children all over the world are subjected to torture, but few are identified as victims of these actions. Knowledge that facilitates identification, documentation, and treatment of torture injuries in children can allow redress and rehabilitation for more children in need.

Objective: To synthesise research regarding screening, documentation, and treatment of child survivors of torture.

Novel De Novo Intronic Variant of SYNGAP1 Associated With the Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Background: SYNGAP1 encodes a Ras/Rap GTPase-activating protein that is predominantly expressed in the brain with the functional roles in regulating synaptic plasticity, spine morphogenesis, and cognition function. Pathogenic variants in SYNGAP1 have been associated with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, epilepsy, hypotonia, and the features of autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this study was to identify a novel SYNGAP1 gene variant linked to neurodevelopmental disorders and to evaluate the pathogenicity of the detected variant.

Sleep spindles and slow oscillations predict cognition and biomarkers of neurodegeneration in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Changes in sleep physiology can predate cognitive symptoms by decades in persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it remains unclear which sleep characteristics predict cognitive and neurodegenerative changes after AD onset.

Methods: Using data from a prospective cohort of mild to moderate AD (n = 60), we analyzed non-rapid eye movement sleep spindles and slow oscillations (SOs) at baseline and their associations with baseline amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau and with cognition from baseline to 3-year follow-up.

Results: Higher spindle and SO activity predicted significant changes in Aβ and tau at baseline, lower Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (better cognitive performance) score, and higher Mini-Mental State Examination score from baseline to 36 months.

Sensory interweavings and relational openings in clinical work with autistic children.

In this article, the author aims to shed new light on how sensoriality can be considered and deployed in the treatment of severely autistic children. Whereas psychoanalysis has explored in detail the defensive function that sensoriality can have for these patients, the author puts forward the idea that this can be used to further the differentiation and structuration of the body ego. Through some detailed clinical material, drawn from the psychotherapy of a five-year-old girl, the author sets out to illustrate how work on the different sensations can lead to relational openings that are initially specific to each sensory channel and then more general, as well as how the access to otherness emerges from this work on sensations.

The Picture of Health: Seeing the Health of the Chronically Challenged Through Van Gogh's Sunflowers as a Needed Revision of the Clinical Perspective.

This article identifies and offers a response to several problems that affect the quality of both clinical education and health care services. These matters are: that in clinical training and practice, health, as lived by patients (persons), is not properly considered, and is equated reductively with treating diseases/disorders; that health is seen through disease, and as restricted to a single model defined by an organism's meeting (or being returned to) biochemical or functional standards; that intellectual assumptions instilled in schools of Medicine and Psychology about realities pertaining to healthcare determine an understanding of chronic illness or life with chronic challenges focused on impairment and suffering, and not on the fuller experience of living with illness, disability or neuropsychological challenges that patients have as persons; that arts-based education reflects the same focus in understanding 'illness', and thus neglects giving attention to the creation of personal health states of those living with challenging or debilitating long-term conditions; that, consequently, the arts are instrumentalized to serve these predefined educational purposes, rather than allowed to inform clinical training through that which is intrinsic or more specific to them. As a way out of these limitations and as an illustration of how things could be done differently, Vincent Van Gogh's paintings of the Sunflowers are used as visual inspiration for how we could change the way we see, and construct new mental representations of 'health', 'chronic illness' or 'chronic challenges', 'patient as person' or even 'person as non-patient', 'the clinician's role' and 'the identity of clinical practice'.

Prevalence, risk and resilience factors of mental health conditions among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Female sex workers are a vulnerable hard-to-reach group. Research in this field is scarce due to several issues, such as methodological difficulties or societal stigmatization. Most of the available literature focuses on sexually transmittable diseases.

Dissociable ventral and dorsal sensorimotor functional circuits linking the hypomanic personality traits to aggression via behavioral inhibition system.

Hypomanic personality traits (HPT) are susceptibility markers for psychiatric disorders, particularly bipolar disorder, and are strongly associated with aggressive behaviors. However, the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. This study utilized psychometric network analysis and (IS-RSA) to explore the neuropsychological circuits that link HPT to aggression in a large non-clinical population.

Deep immunophenotyping of circulating immune cells in major depressive disorder patients reveals immune correlates of clinical course and treatment response.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a widespread psychiatric condition impacting social and occupational functioning, making it a leading cause of disability. The diagnosis of MDD remains clinical, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 criteria, as biomarkers have not yet been validated for diagnostic purposes or as predictors of treatment response. Traditional treatment strategies often follow a one-size-fits-all approach obtaining suboptimal outcomes for many patients who fail to experience response or recovery.

Mild liver injury following withdrawal of long-term prednisone therapy: A case report.

Background: Liver injury manifesting as hepatic enzyme abnormalities, has been occasionally identified to be a feature of primary or secondary Addison's disease, an uncommon endocrine disease characterized by adrenal insufficiency. There have been no more than 30 reported cases of liver injury explicitly attributed to Addison's disease. Liver injury resulting from adrenal insufficiency due to glucocorticoid withdrawal is exceptionally rarer.

Antipsychotic medication non-adherence and its determinants among out-patients with schizophrenia.

Introduction: While antipsychotics are key requirement in acute and long-term management of schizophrenia, medication adherence remains a major unmet need in its care. This paper assessed the prevalence of oral antipsychotic non-adherence among outpatients with schizophrenia and its associated clinico-demographic factors.

Method: Three hundred and ten adult outpatients (18-64 years of age) were cross-sectionally interviewed after being diagnosed of schizophrenia using ICD-10 criteria, and the diagnosis confirmed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).

Maternal seafood intake, dietary contaminant exposure, and risk of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: exploring gene-environment interactions.

Objectives: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) originates from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. We investigated the association between seafood intake and dietary contaminant exposure during pregnancy and JIA risk, to identify sex differences and gene-environment interactions.

Methods: We used the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), a population-based prospective pregnancy cohort (1999-2008).

Case report: Overlapping syndrome of MOG-IgG associated optic neuritis and autoimmune encephalitis with co-existence of anti-NMDAR and anti-GABAR antibodies.

We report a case of optic neuritis (ON) secondary to autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in a patient with concomitant antibodies to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor (GABAR), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). The patient exhibited a constellation of symptoms, including vision loss, seizures, mental and behavioral disorders, cognitive impairment, and speech abnormalities. At the two-year follow-up, the patient's symptoms had abated entirely.

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has emerged as a novel noninvasive adjunct therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), yet no quantitative analysis had been conducted to assess its therapeutic effect.

Objectives: This review aimed to investigate the efficacy of tVNS on motor function, other potential clinical targets and its safety in various treatment conditions.

Methods: We searched six databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved treating PD patients with tVNS.

The aftermath of multiple trauma on a nation: unraveling Lebanon's unique mental health struggle.

Objective: This study examines the national prevalence of mental health disorders and their associated factors in Lebanon, specifically in the aftermath of the 2020 events, including the catastrophic events of Beirut blast and the concurrent financial meltdown amid the global pandemic.

Methods: Conducted between July and September 2022, the study interviewed a nationally representative sample of 1,000 Lebanese via telephone, using the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) system. Gender-specific bivariate and multivariate models were generated for probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety.

Neurotransmitters crosstalk and regulation in the reward circuit of subjects with behavioral addiction.

Behavioral addictive disorders (BADs) have become a significant societal challenge over time. The central feature of BADs is the loss of control over engaging in and continuing behaviors, even when facing negative consequences. The neurobiological underpinnings of BADs primarily involve impairments in the reward circuitry, encompassing the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens in the ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex.

Regional brain iron correlates with transcriptional and cellular signatures in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The link between overload brain iron and transcriptional/cellular signatures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains inconclusive.

Methods: Iron deposition in 41 cortical and subcortical regions of 30 AD patients and 26 healthy controls (HCs) was measured using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). The expression of 15,633 genes was estimated in the same regions using transcriptomic data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA).

Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects of High-Dose Ondansetron on Clinical Symptoms and Brain Connectivity in Obsessive-Compulsive and Tic Disorders.

Objective: Sensory phenomena (SP) are aversive sensations driving repetitive behaviors in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's disorder that are not well addressed by standard treatments. SP are related to the functioning of an interoceptive-sensorimotor circuit that may be modulated by the 5-HT receptor antagonist ondansetron. The present study employed an experimental medicine approach to test the effects of 4 weeks of high-dose ondansetron compared to placebo on SP severity and brain connectivity in a cohort of individuals with OCD and/or Tourette's disorder.

Managing cognitive impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Saudi Arabia: what are the current practices?

Objective: Cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity, yet overlooked, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known about the current practice and perceptions of physicians on recognising and managing cognitive impairment in patients with COPD in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate current practices and perceptions of physicians in Saudi Arabia regarding the recognition and management of cognitive impairment in COPD patients.

Brain Age as a New Measure of Disease Stratification in Huntington's Disease.

Background: Despite advancements in understanding Huntington's disease (HD) over the past two decades, absence of disease-modifying treatments remains a challenge. Accurately characterizing progression states is crucial for developing effective therapeutic interventions. Various factors contribute to this challenge, including the need for precise methods that can account for the complex nature of HD progression.

Plant-based eating pattern and psychological symptoms: a cross-sectional survey among patients with migraine.

Objectives: The present study evaluated the association between plant-based diet index (PDI) and psychological symptoms, including depressive symptoms, stress, and anxiety among Iranian women diagnosed with migraine headaches.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 262 patients with migraine (aged 20-50 years; body mass index, 18.5-30 kg/m²).

Cell-specific transcriptional signatures of vascular cells in Alzheimer's disease: perspectives, pathways, and therapeutic directions.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is marked by profound neurovascular dysfunction and significant cell-specific alterations in the brain vasculature. Recent advances in high throughput single-cell transcriptomics technology have enabled the study of the human brain vasculature at an unprecedented depth. Additionally, the understudied niche of cerebrovascular cells, such as endothelial and mural cells, and their subtypes have been scrutinized for understanding cellular and transcriptional heterogeneity in AD.