Metabolic Activity in Human Intermuscular Adipose Tissue Directs the Response of Resident PPARγ Macrophages to Fatty Acids.

: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a fatty acid-binding transcription activator of the adipokine chemerin. The key role of PPARγ in adipogenesis was established by reports on adipose tissue-resident macrophages that express PPARγ. The present study examined PPARγ macrophages in human skeletal muscle tissues, their response to fatty acid (FA) species, and their correlations with age, obesity, adipokine expression, and an abundance of other macrophage phenotypes.

Modified Center-Edge Angle in Children with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a prevalent developmental condition that necessitates early detection and treatment. Follow-up, as well as therapeutic decision-making in children younger than four years, is challenging because the center-edge (CE) angle of Wiberg is not reliable in this age group. The authors propose a modification of the CE angle (MCE) to achieve comparable reliability with the CE among children younger than four and set diagnostic thresholds for the diagnosis of DDH.

Assessing the TNM Classification for Periprosthetic Joint Infections of the Knee: Predictive Validity for Functional and Subjective Outcomes.

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following knee arthroplasty can significantly compromise patient mobility and quality of life. The newly proposed TNM classification system, adapted from oncology, categorizes PJI severity but has not yet been correlated with both subjective and objective outcomes post PJI treatment. This study evaluates the applicability of the TNM classification system for predicting outcomes in knee PJI revision surgeries.

Using functional calibration methods to estimate the midfoot joint center in planovalgus feet.

In order to improve the understanding foot function in the presence of planovalgus foot deformity, functional joint center determination is applied to the ankle and midfoot for application in 3D-gait analysis. Gait data of 36 patients with planovalgus (PV) foot deformity as well as of 33 typically developing (TD) subjects were collected using foot markers according to the Heidelberg Foot Measurement method. During single-limb stance subjects performed a circular movement of the foot and ankle (CIR) by drawing a circle with the hallux in the air.

Functional electrical stimulation in adult patients with cerebral palsy and foot drop-outcome in gait.

Background: Foot drop is a common condition for patients with upper motor neuron syndrome such as cerebral palsy (CP). This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on gait function, quality of life, and FES satisfaction in adults with CP and foot drop. To analyze effects over time, an observational, longitudinal study was performed.

Impact of Patient-Specific Hip Joint Geometry on the Morphology of Acetabular Fractures.

: Acetabular fractures continue to pose a major challenge in clinical practice, not least because of the growing geriatric population. While the influence of the force vectors on fracture formation is well established, the impact of anatomical factors on fracture morphology remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate patient-specific hip joint geometry, identify structural risk factors and correlate these with the resulting fracture patterns.

Status of surface electromyography assessment as part of clinical gait analysis in the management of patients with cerebral palsy - Outcomes of a Delphi process.

Background: The assessment of gait disorders in patients with neuromotor conditions, such as cerebral palsy (CP), has been a focus of clinical and research attention, with electromyography (EMG) offering a nuanced understanding of neurological and neuromuscular disorders. However, the interpretation of EMG data in the context of gait analysis remains challenging due to the complexity of neuromotor dynamics and variability in assessment methodologies.

Research Question: To which consensus can we get in a group of experts in the fields of neurological and neuromuscular disorders, biomechanics, and clinical gait analysis to establish standardized protocols and a common language for the measurement and analysis of EMG data in gait disorders, particularly in people living with CP?

Methods: A three-round Delphi process was conducted from February to September 2023 to gather opinions of 53 experts on the use of surface EMG data during gait in the context of CP.

Long-Term Orthopaedic and Radiological Outcomes of Symphysis Approximation without Osteotomy in Primary Bladder Exstrophy Repair.

Introduction:  Previous assumptions suggested that the technique of approximation without osteotomy in primary exstrophy repair (PER) could only be applied in newborns and anticipated poorer outcomes. Recent studies indicated that this technique can be successfully executed not only in immediate PER but also yields favorable long-term results. Therefore, we evaluated and compared the orthopaedic and radiological long-term outcomes after pubic symphysis approximation without osteotomy in immediate and delayed PER.

Differential Fatty Acid Response of Resident Macrophages in Human Skeletal Muscle Fiber and Intermuscular Adipose Tissue.

Human skeletal muscle contains different types of tissues with skeletal muscle fibers (SMFs) and intermuscular adipose tissues (IMATs) as the main components. We maintained human skeletal muscle tissues from 12 study participants under native conditions in vitro for 11 days to investigate the dynamics of macrophages that reside in adjacent IMATs and SMFs simultaneously. The samples were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for macrophage phenotyping and mitochondrial mass assessment before and after maintenance in vitro.

Diagnosis of periprosthetic loosening of total hip and knee arthroplasty using Gallium-Zoledronate PET/CT.

Purpose: Periprosthetic loosening is a major complication after total hip and knee arthroplasty. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential to choose the right therapeutic path and to avoid further complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Gallium-Zoledronate ([Ga]Ga-DOTA) PET/CT in detecting periprosthetic loosening in total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Radiotherapy for painful shoulder syndrome: a retrospective evaluation.

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy of low-dose radiotherapy for painful shoulder syndrome from an orthopedic perspective.

Methods: Patients with painful shoulder syndrome were recruited for this retrospective clinical quality assessment from January 2011 to December 2017. Patients were treated with a linear accelerator or an orthovoltage device at individual doses of 0.

Secondary matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation after failed cartilage repair shows superior results when combined with autologous bone grafting: Findings from the German Cartilage Registry (KnorpelRegister DGOU).

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether additive autologous bone grafting (ABG) improves clinical outcome and survival in revision matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (M-ACI) after failed cartilage repair (CR).

Methods: A retrospective, registry-based, matched-pair analysis was performed to compare patient-reported outcomes and survival in secondary M-ACI with or without additional bone grafting for focal full-thickness cartilage defects of the knee and to compare it with those in primary M-ACI. Patients were matched for age, sex, body mass index, defect size and localization, and number of previous CRs.

Autofluorescence-based tissue characterization enhances clinical prospects of light-sheet-microscopy.

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is a transformative imaging method that enables the visualization of non-dissected specimen in real-time 3D. Optical clearing of tissues is essential for LSFM, typically employing toxic solvents. Here, we test the applicability of a non-hazardous alternative, ethyl cinnamate (ECi).

Oxidative stress and galectin-3 levels during skin grafting after hand injury: gender differences.

The study included 40 patients of both genders who underwent skin transplantation after a hand injury. The study aims to evaluate the oxidative stress parameters in patients' blood and serum levels of galectin-3 in order to investigate gender differences pre- and post- skin transplantation. The results of the study suggest a significant increase in superoxide anion radical levels, catalase activity, and reduced glutathione levels in females before skin transplantation.

Modeling foot rockers via functional calibration for use in clinical gait analysis.

Background: Goal of this work is a quantitative description of Jacquelin Perry's rocker concept by locating the position of the heel rocker and the forefoot rocker within segments of the foot via functional calibration.

Methods: Two functional calibration tasks with the foot in ground contact were performed by ten typical developed adults and foot marker motion was captured. After applying a least-square method for constructing foot segments, their motion relative to the floor was analyzed via a functional algorithm.

Enhancing Cranio-Maxillofacial Fracture Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.

: Cranio-maxillofacial (CMF) injuries represent a significant challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), exacerbated by inadequate infrastructure, resources, and training. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current strategies and solutions proposed in the literature to improve CMF fracture care in LMICs, focusing on education, patient transfer, and off-label solutions. : A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed/Medline from January 2000 to June 2023.

Mesh vs. non-mesh repair of type I hiatal hernias: a propensity-score matching analysis of 6533 patients from the Herniamed registry.

Introduction: Surgical treatment of type I hiatal sliding hernias aims to control the gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and prevention of hernia recurrence. Usually, a cruroplasty is performed to narrow the hiatal orifice. Here, it remains controversial if a mesh reinforcement of the cruroplasty should be performed, since benefits as well as mesh-associated complications have been described.

Incidence of Secondary Osteoarthritis after Primary Shoulder and Knee Empyema and Its Risk Factors.

Empyema of the joint is an orthopedic emergency that is associated with a prolonged healing process despite adequate surgical and medical therapy. The risk of developing postinfectious osteoarthritis (OA) after successfully treated joint empyema is unknown. Both incidence and risk factors are important for prognostication and would therefore be clinically relevant for the selection of an adequate infectious therapy as well as for the individual follow-up of patients.

The role of autologous bone grafting in matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation at the knee: Results from the German Cartilage Registry (KnorpelRegister DGOU).

Purpose: To investigate whether concomitant autologous bone grafting adversely affects clinical outcome and graft survival after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (M-ACI).

Methods: The present study examines registry data of patients who underwent M-ACI with or without autologous bone grafting for large-sized chondral or osteochondral defects. Propensity score matching was performed to exclude potential confounders.

The Impact of Ultrashort Pulse Laser Structuring of Metals on In-Vitro Cell Adhesion of Keratinocytes.

Besides the need for biomaterial surface modification to improve cellular attachment, laser-structuring is favorable for designing a new surface topography for external bone fixator pins or implants. The principle of this study was to observe how bioinspired (deer antler) laser-induced nano-microstructures influenced the adhesion and growth of skin cells. The goal was to create pins that allow the skin to attach to the biomaterial surface in a bacteria-proof manner.