The ultrasound risk stratification systems for thyroid nodule have been evaluated against papillary carcinoma. A meta-analysis.

Thyroid imaging reporting and data systems (TIRADS) are used to stratify the malignancy risk of thyroid nodule by ultrasound (US) examination. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the pooled cancer prevalence and the relative prevalence of papillary, medullary, follicular thyroid cancer (PTC, MTC, and FTC) and other malignancies among nodules included in studies evaluating their performance. Four databases were searched until February 2020.

How to better stratify the risk of differentiated thyroid carcinomas: the key role of radioactive iodine therapy, age, and gender.

Purpose: The risk of relapse of differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) and their indication for radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) are assessed according to ATA risk stratification system principally based on tumor-nodes-metastasis (TNM) staging. However, while establishing the indication for RAI may be a "dilemma," performing it can improve the risk stratification. We aimed to evaluate whether (1) the stratification of risk of recurrence differs when TNM is considered with or without peri-RAI findings and (2) the assessment of the risk of disease-specific mortality is improved by adding age and gender.

Higher thyroid hormone levels and cancer.

Purpose: This narrative review aims to summarize the relationship between hyperthyroidism, upper reference range thyroid hormone (TH) levels, and cancer, and to address the clinical management of hyperthyroidism in cancer patients.

Methods: A comprehensive search was performed by an independent reviewer through Google Scholar and PubMed Electronic databases. All searches were restricted to English language manuscripts published between 2000 and 2020.

Copper, PET/CT and prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature.

Copper is an essential element that plays an important role in both cancer development and growth. Indeed, high levels of copper have been found in prostate cancer (PCa), and this finding have paved the way for the use of this element as a target for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Copper64 (64Cu) can be used alone, as CuCl2, and also as a precursor for the in-vitro radio-labelling of specific carriers for PET imaging in PCa, (e.

Will F-fluorocholine PET/CT replace other methods of preoperative parathyroid imaging?

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder usually due to hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands (HPs). Surgical removal of the HPs is the main treatment for PHPT, making the correct detection and localization of HPs crucial to guiding targeted and minimally invasive surgical treatment in patients with PHPT. To date, different imaging methods have been used to detect and localize HPs, including radiology, nuclear medicine, and hybrid techniques.

Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for prolonged SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding in lower respiratory tract samples of critically ill patients.

Purpose: The length of time a critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient remains infectious and should therefore be isolated remains unknown. This prospective study was undertaken in critically ill patients to evaluate the reliability of single negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in lower tracheal aspirates (LTA) in predicting a second negative test and to analyze clinical factors potentially influencing the viral shedding.

Methods: From April 9, 2020 onwards, intubated COVID-19 patients treated in the intensive care unit were systematically evaluated for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by RT-PCR of nasopharyngeal swabs and LTA.

Regional gray matter-dedicated SUVR with 3D-MRI detects positive amyloid deposits in equivocal amyloid PET images.

Purpose: It is usually easy to judge whether amyloid PET images should be interpreted as positive or negative for amyloid deposits by visual inspection or quantitative measurement standard uptake value ratio (SUVR), but the findings are equivocal in some cases. As conventional mean cortical SUVR (mcSUVR) measures accumulation in both gray matter (GM) and white matter, it may mis-estimate amyloid deposits. The purpose of the study was to develop a regional GM-dedicated SUVR measuring (GMSUVR) system for amyloid PET images with 3D-MRI, and evaluate its utility for detecting amyloid deposits in equivocal cases.

Para-aortal Ganglion Mimicking a Lymph Node Metastases on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT.

PSMA-based nuclear medicine imaging impacts increasingly the clinical decision process in prostate cancer patients. A well-known PSMA pitfall is uptake into autonomic ganglia. The intensity of uptake, the shape, and the exact location of the correlating structure in CT are supposed to aid discriminating between ganglia and lymph node metastases.

Thermal ablation for benign, non-functioning thyroid nodules: A clinical review focused on outcomes, technical remarks, and comparisons with surgery.

Thermal ablation (TA) is a therapeutic option for benign, non-functioning thyroid nodules causing symptoms of compression and/or aesthetic concerns. TA was initially introduced as a treatment for patients who refused or were ineligible for surgery. In more recent years, the increase in the positive experiences of TA have paved the way for the idea that TA could be suggested as a first-line treatment.

Personalized management of differentiated thyroid cancer in real life - practical guidance from a multidisciplinary panel of experts.

Purpose: The standard of care for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) includes surgery, risk-adapted postoperative radioiodine therapy (RaIT), individualized thyroid hormone therapy, and follow-up for detection of patients with persistent or recurrent disease. In 2019, the nine Martinique Principles for managing thyroid cancer were developed by the American Thyroid Association, European Association of Nuclear Medicine, Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, and European Thyroid Association. In this review, we present our clinical practice recommendations with regard to implementing these principles in the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up of patients with DTC.

Exploring the Inter-observer Agreement Among the Members of the Italian Consensus for the Classification and Reporting of Thyroid Cytology.

Classification schemes for reporting thyroid cytology of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules are largely used in clinical practice, but the level of inter-observer agreement among cytopathologists is poorly acknowledged. The present study aimed to explore the inter-observer agreement among the experienced authors of the 2014 Italian Consensus for Classification and Reporting of Thyroid Cytology (ICCRTC). A stratified randomization was performed in order to obtain a sample homogeneously distributed and representative of all ICCRTC classes.

GABAergic and glutamatergic effects on nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine release in the rat.

In this review, a series of experiments is presented, in which γ-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic and glutamatergic effects on dopamine function in the rat nigrostriatal and mesolimbic system was systematically assessed after pharmacological challenge with GABAA receptor (R) and and N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA)R agonists and antagonists. In these studies, [123I]iodobenzamide binding to the D2/3R was mesured in nucleus accumbens (NAC), caudateputamen (CP), substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), frontal (FC), motor (MC) and parietal cortex (PC) as well as anterior (aHIPP) and posterior hippocampus (pHIPP) with small animal SPECT in baseline and after injection of either the GABAAR agonist muscimol (1 mg/kg), the GABAAR antagonist bicuculline (1 mg/kg), the NMDAR agonist d-cycloserine (20 mg/kg) or the NMDAR antagonist amantadine (40 mg/kg). Muscimol reduced D2/3R binding in NAC, CP, SN/VTA, THAL and pHIPP, while, after amantadine, decreases were confined to NAC, CP and THAL.

Performance of EU-TIRADS in malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules: a meta-analysis.

Objective: Several thyroid imaging reporting and data systems (TIRADS) have been proposed to stratify the malignancy risk of thyroid nodule by ultrasound. The TIRADS by the European Thyroid Association, namely EU-TIRADS, was the last one to be published.

Design: We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of malignancy in each EU-TIRADS class and the performance of EU-TIRADS class 5 vs 2, 3 and 4 in detecting malignant lesions.

Generalizability of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors cardiovascular outcome trials to the type 2 diabetes population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiovascular outcome trials of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i CVOTs) found the agents to be associated with clinical benefits in terms of cardiovascular and renal outcomes. We performed a meta-analysis to assess and compare the overall prevalence of eligibility for the enrollment criteria of CANVAS, DECLARE-TIMI 58, EMPA-REG OUTCOME, and VERTIS-CV among unselected patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020172032).

Radiofrequency Ablation on Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules: A Critical Appraisal and Review of the Literature.

Thyroid nodules are an extremely common occurrence, as their prevalence in the general population is estimated to range between 50 and 70%. Some of these nodules are autonomously functioning such that they can cause hyperthyroidism over time. In this case, surgery and radioiodine represent the standard of care.

Radiomics Analysis of [F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Avid Thyroid Incidentalomas Improves Risk Stratification and Selection for Clinical Assessment.

[F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid thyroid lesions incidentally detected on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans represent a tumor lesion in about 30% of cases. The present study evaluated the ability of PET metrics and radiomics features to predict final diagnosis of [F]FDG thyroid incidentalomas (TIs). A total of 104 patients with 107 TIs were retrospectively studied; 30 nodules (28%) were diagnosed as malignant.

Impact of different iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) algorithms on PET/CT attenuation correction after port implementation.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of various interactive metal artifact reduction (iMAR) algorithms on attenuation correction in the vicinity of port chambers in PET/CT.

Material And Methods: In this prospective study, 30 oncological patients (12 female, 18 male, mean age 59.6 ± 10.

Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Is a Potential Biomarker of Disease-Free Survival in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of PD-L1 Immunoexpression in Follicular Epithelial Derived Thyroid Carcinoma.

The expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an established prerequisite for the administration of checkpoint inhibitor therapy and is of prognostic value in several cancer types. Data concerning the potential effect of PD-L1 on the prognosis of thyroid carcinoma are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a systematic review of the published data on this topic.

ENDOCRINOLOGY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: Management of thyroid nodules and cancer.

Most patients with thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer (TC) referred for diagnostic work-up and treatment are not considered at higher risk of infection from SARS-CoV-2 compared to the general population. On the other hand, healthcare resources should be spared to the maximum extent possible during a pandemic. Indeed, while thyroid nodules are very common, only a small percentage are cancerous and, in turn, most thyroid cancers are indolent in nature.

Radioiodine Ablation of Remaining Thyroid Lobe in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated by Lobectomy: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis.

We aimed to conduct a systematic review and metaanalysis of studies reporting the performance of radioactive iodine (I) therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients requiring a completion treatment after lobectomy. We also evaluated the response to I therapy according to 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines and the adverse events. A specific search strategy was designed to find articles evaluating the use of I in patients with evidence of DTC after lobectomy.

Ultrasound systems for risk stratification of thyroid nodules prompt inappropriate biopsy in autonomously functioning thyroid nodules.

Objective: Ultrasound (US) risk stratification systems (RSSs) have been developed to reduce the number of unnecessary fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies in patients with thyroid nodules. Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) account for 5%-10% of palpable lesions and are very rarely malignant. The present study was undertaken to investigate how RSSs classify AFTNs and whether RSSs are able to avoid unnecessary FNA biopsies in such cases.

Treating thyroid nodules by radiofrequency: is the delivered energy correlated with the volume reduction rate? A pilot study.

Objective: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was proven as effective in reducing thyroid nodules' volume. However, whether technical procedure aspects could influence the volume reduction rate (VRR) has not been clarified. This retrospective pilot study aimed to analyze the correlation of RFA power, duration, and energy with VRR.