Simulation to become a better neurosurgeon. An international prospective controlled trial: The Passion study.

Introduction: Surgical training traditionally adheres to the apprenticeship paradigm, potentially exposing trainees to an increased risk of complications stemming from their limited experience. To mitigate this risk, augmented and virtual reality have been considered, though their effectiveness is difficult to assess.

Research Question: The PASSION study seeks to investigate the improvement of manual dexterity following intensive training with neurosurgical simulators and to discern how surgeons' psychometric characteristics may influence their learning process and surgical performance.

mTORC1 regulates cell survival under glucose starvation through 4EBP1/2-mediated translational reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism.

Energetic stress compels cells to evolve adaptive mechanisms to adjust their metabolism. Inhibition of mTOR kinase complex 1 (mTORC1) is essential for cell survival during glucose starvation. How mTORC1 controls cell viability during glucose starvation is not well understood.

Ketamine-induced prevention of SD-associated late infarct progression in experimental ischemia.

Spreading depolarizations (SDs) occur frequently in patients with malignant hemispheric stroke. In animal-based experiments, SDs have been shown to cause secondary neuronal damage and infarct expansion during the initial period of infarct progression. In contrast, the influence of SDs during the delayed period is not well characterized yet.

Novel hybrid compounds of sclareol and doxorubicin as potential anticancer nanotherapy for glioblastoma.

Two novel hybrid compounds, CON1 and CON2, have been developed by combining sclareol (SC) and doxorubicin (DOX) into a single molecular entity. These hybrid compounds have a 1:1 molar ratio of covalently linked SC and DOX. They have demonstrated promising anticancer properties, especially in glioblastoma cells, and have also shown potential in treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells that express the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) membrane transporter.

Effect of revascularization surgery on cerebral hemodynamics in adult moyamoya disease.

Objective: Few studies have reported local hemodynamic changes after revascularization surgery. This study aimed to identify regional hemodynamic changes after combined revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease using single-photon emission computed tomography with N-isopropyl-p-I-iodoamphetamine.

Methods: A total of 46 adults with moyamoya disease who underwent combined revascularization surgery from August 2009 to July 2021 at our facility were enrolled.

C-Metabolic flux analysis detected a hyperoxemia-induced reduction of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism in granulocytes during two models of porcine acute subdural hematoma and hemorrhagic shock.

Introduction: Supplementation with increased inspired oxygen fractions has been suggested to alleviate the harmful effects of tissue hypoxia during hemorrhagic shock (HS) and traumatic brain injury. However, the utility of therapeutic hyperoxia in critical care is disputed to this day as controversial evidence is available regarding its efficacy. Furthermore, in contrast to its hypoxic counterpart, the effect of hyperoxia on the metabolism of circulating immune cells remains ambiguous.

Brain expression profiles of two antisense RNAs in children and adolescents with epilepsy.

Objective: Heterozygous mutations within the voltage-gated sodium channel α subunit () are responsible for the majority of cases of Dravet syndrome (DS), a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Development of novel therapeutic approaches is mandatory in order to directly target the molecular consequences of the genetic defect. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cis-acting long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of are expressed in brain specimens of children and adolescent with epilepsy as these molecules comprise possible targets for precision-based therapy approaches.

Secondary vs. primary pituitary xanthogranulomas: which yellow is more mellow?

Pituitary xanthogranulomatomas (XG) are a rare pathological entity caused by accumulation of lipid laden macrophages and reactive granuloma formation usually triggered by cystic fluid leakage or hemorrhage. Our aim was to compare clinical characteristics and presenting features of patients with secondary etiology of XG and those with no identifiable founding lesion (primary -"pure" XG) in order to gain new insights into this rare pituitary pathology. In a retrospective review of 714 patients operated for sellar masses, at tertiary center, we identified 16 (2.

Percutaneous Radiofrequency Disc Decompression: A Study of 27 Patients.

Background: Percutaneous radiofrequency nucleoplasty is a true minimally invasive technique for treatment for radiculopathy caused by contained disc protrusions. This minimally invasive procedure uses controlled thermoablation for reducing the intervertebral disc and decompressing the lumbar nerve root. Material and Methods: Our study is a prospective analysis of 27 patients aged from 30 to 64 years with lumbar disc protrusion who were treated with percutaneous radiofrequency disc decompression (PRFD) between May 2018 and May 2019.

Isolated Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis of the Sciatic Nerve: A Case Report and Overview of the Literature.

Isolated deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) of sacral nerve roots or major pelvic nerves, including the sciatic nerve, is considered to be extremely rare. Due to the overlap with sciatica symptoms, the diagnosis of sciatica DIE is difficult yet crucial, as it results in permanent neural damage if left untreated. We report a case of a 45-year-old woman who experienced a three-year-long and recently exacerbating pain in her right leg, accompanied by a tingling sensation and weakness in her right leg and foot, with difficulty walking.

Mercury and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring the Link through Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis.

Mercury (Hg) is a non-essential trace metal with unique neurochemical properties and harmful effects on the central nervous system. In this study, we present a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed research encompassing five crucial clinical matrices: hair, whole blood, plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), and urine. We assess the disparities in Hg levels between gender- and age-matched neurotypical children (controls) and children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (cases).

Oncogene-induced senescence in meningiomas-an immunohistochemical study.

Purpose: Meningiomas are tumours originating from meningothelial cells, the majority belonging to grade 1 according to the World Health Organization classification of the tumours of the Central Nervous System. Factors contributing to the progression to the higher grades (grades 2 and 3) have not been elucidated yet. Senescence has been proposed as a potential mechanism constraining the malignant transformation of tumours.

Unveiling The Neuropathology Tumour Landscape: 10-Year Statistical Analysis With Global Comparison - Single Centre Experience.

: Central nervous system (CNS) tumours represent a significant public health issue worldwide, and their incidence and distribution vary across different populations. Although studies on CNS tumours have been conducted in various countries, there is a lack of information regarding their patterns in Macedonia. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the distribution, histopathological types and subtypes and demographic features of CNS tumours in our country.

The development of a hiPSC-based platform to identify tissue-dependencies of IDH1 R132H.

The application of patient-derived (PD) in vitro tumor models represents the classical strategy for clinical translational oncology research. Using these cellular heterogeneous cultures for the isolation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), suggested to be the main driver for disease malignancy, relies on the use of surrogate biomarkers or is based on CSC-enriching culture conditions. However, the ability of those strategies to exclusively and efficiently enrich for CSC pool has been questioned.

The use of advanced technology for preoperative planning in cranial surgery - A survey by the EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.

Introduction: Technological advancements provided several preoperative tools allowing for precise preoperative planning in cranial neurosurgery, aiming to increase the efficacy and safety of surgery. However, little data are available regarding if and how young neurosurgeons are trained in using such technologies, how often they use them in clinical practice, and how valuable they consider these technologies.

Research Question: How frequently these technologies are used during training and clinical practice as well as to how their perceived value can be qualitatively assessed.

Cavernous malformations of the central nervous system: An international consensus statement.

Introduction: Cavernous malformations (CM) of the central nervous system constitute rare vascular lesions. They are usually asymptomatic, which has allowed their management to become quite debatable. Even when they become symptomatic their optimal mode and timing of treatment remains controversial.

[Impact of migraine on family members: an investigation by Impact of Migraine on Partners and Adolescent Children (IMPAC)].

Using the Japanese version of the Impact of Migraine on Partners and Adolescent Children (IMPAC) and Family Question prepared based on IMPAC, we investigated the impact of migraine on family members from the perspectives of both patients and their family members. Our results showed that migraine had an impact on the family members living with the patients in Japan as well, and the perception of migraine differed partially between patients and their family members. We also found that the Japanese version of the IMPAC showed a correlation with existing instruments to evaluate impact of migraine, indicating its validity.

Hospital Resource Planning for Mass Casualty Incidents: Limitations for Coping with Multiple Injured Patients.

Using a discrete-event simulation (DES) model, the current disaster plan regarding the allocation of multiple injured patients from a mass casualty incident was evaluated for an acute specialty hospital in Vienna, Austria. With the current resources available, the results showed that the number of severely injured patients currently assigned might have to wait longer than the medically justifiable limit for lifesaving surgery. Furthermore, policy scenarios of increasing staff and/or equipment did not lead to a sufficient improvement of this outcome measure.

Morphometric and volumetric analysis of lacrimal glands in patients with thyroid eye disease.

Assessment of morphometric and volumetric changes in lacrimal glands in thyroid eye disease, its clinical manifestations in relation of disease progression. Retrospective volumetric analysis included both genders and was performed on total of 183 patients - 91 patients with diagnosed Grave's disease and thyroid eye disease and 92 patients without Grave's disease and thyroid eye disease who underwent multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) examination in routine daily work according to other medical indications. In the group of females, there was statistical significance between patients with thyroid eye disease and controls who were smoking and had body weight gain.

Reconstruction of Moderately and Severely Atrophic Scalp-A Multicentric Experience in Surgical Treatment of Patients Irradiated for Tinea Capitis in Childhood and Surgical Algorithm.

: Before the introduction of griseofluvin, the use of X-ray radiation was the treatment of choice for tinea capitis. More than half a century later various types of tumors have been found to be associated with childhood irradiation due to tinea capitis, most commonly cancers of the head and neck, as well as brain tumors. The often unusually aggressive and recurrent nature of these tumors necessitates the need for repeated surgeries, while the atrophic skin with an impaired vascular supply due to radiation often poses an additional challenge for defect reconstruction.

Multi-Stage Treatment for Spetzler-Martin Grades III, IV, and V Arteriovenous Malformations: Preoperative Embolization and Microsurgical Resection in a Consecutive Series of 250 Patients.

Purpose: The treatment of high-grade brain AVMs is challenging and has no guidelines available to date. This study was aimed at reporting the experience of two centers in treating these AVMs through a multi-stage approach consisting of preoperative embolization and microsurgical resection.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed for 250 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of high-grade brain AVM (Spetzler-Martin grades III, IV, and V) treated in two centers in Germany between January 1989 and February 2023.

Uniformly shaped harmonization combines human transcriptomic data from different platforms while retaining their biological properties and differential gene expression patterns.

Co-normalization of RNA profiles obtained using different experimental platforms and protocols opens avenue for comprehensive comparison of relevant features like differentially expressed genes associated with disease. Currently, most of bioinformatic tools enable normalization in a flexible format that depends on the individual datasets under analysis. Thus, the output data of such normalizations will be poorly compatible with each other.