Prolonged survival by combination treatment with a standardized herbal extract from Japanese Kampo-medicine (Juzentaihoto) and gemcitabine in an orthotopic transplantation pancreatic cancer model.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by its poor prognosis. Traditional Japanese herbal medicine (Kampo), such as Juzentaihoto (a standardized combination of 10 herbal extracts), has shown immune modulatory effects, modulation of microcirculation, and amelioration of fatigue. It is administered to patients to prevent deterioration of cachexia and counteract side effects of chemotherapy.

Diagnosis, treatment, management and monitoring of patients with tyrosinaemia type 1: Consensus group recommendations from the German-speaking countries.

Hepatorenal tyrosinaemia (HT1) is an autosomal recessive disorder of tyrosine degradation resulting in hepatic and renal dysfunction, neurological sequelae may occur in some patients. The use of nitisinone (NTBC) has revolutionised treatment and outcome of this disorder. NTBC has to be combined with a low protein diet.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal pedunculated polyps.

For pedunculated colon polyps, en bloc resection with inclusion of the polyp stalk is necessary to yield an accurate histologic staging. This can be challenging in cases of a large polyp and/or broad stalk using conventional snare resection. We evaluated the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for large pedunculated polyps with broad stalks.

Bulevirtide Monotherapy Is Safe and Well Tolerated in Chronic Hepatitis Delta: An Integrated Safety Analysis of Bulevirtide Clinical Trials at Week 48.

Background And Aims: The safety and tolerability of bulevirtide (BLV), a novel entry inhibitor of hepatitis delta virus, were evaluated in an integrated analysis of clinical trial results from patients with chronic hepatitis delta (CHD).

Methods: Week 48 on-treatment clinical and laboratory results from two Phase 2 trials (MYR203 [NCT02888106] and MYR204 [NCT03852433]) and one Phase 3 trial (MYR301 [NCT03852719]) were pooled (N = 269). Patients were grouped as follows: BLV 2 mg (n = 64), BLV 10 mg (n = 115), pegylated interferon-alfa (n = 39) and control (n = 51).

Doxycycline Trap: A Case Report on the Unexpected Development of an Oesophageal Ulcer.

The phenomenon of drug-induced mucosal damage has not been reported much in the literature, although over 100 drugs are known to cause this condition. Tetracyclines contribute the most to mucosal damage. The common symptoms are difficulty swallowing, pain while swallowing, and possibly retrosternal pain.

Leveraging weak complementary labels enhances semantic segmentation of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

In this paper we present a deep learning segmentation approach to classify and quantify the two most prevalent primary liver cancers - hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma - from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained whole slide images. While semantic segmentation of medical images typically requires costly pixel-level annotations by domain experts, there often exists additional information which is routinely obtained in clinical diagnostics but rarely utilized for model training. We propose to leverage such weak information from patient diagnoses by deriving complementary labels that indicate to which class a sample cannot belong to.

Visceral Fat Thickness, Serum Adiponectin, and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Colorectal Adenomas.

Background/objectives: Most cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) arise from adenomatous polyps. Identifying risk factors for colorectal adenoma (CRA) is critical for CRC prevention. Emerging evidence suggests a link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and an elevated risk of CRA and CRC, potentially mediated by visceral obesity and adiponectin (APN).

The Role of TGF-β1 and Mutant on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Features in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines.

The aim of the present study was to investigate possible differences in the sensitivity of HNSCC cells to known EMT regulators. Three HNSCC cell lines (UM-SCC-1, -3, -22B) and the HaCaT control keratinocyte cell line were exposed to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), a known EMT master regulator, and the cellular response was evaluated by real-time cell analysis (RTCA), Western blot, quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and the wound closure (scratch) assay. Targeted sequencing on 50 cancer-related genes was performed using the Cancer Hotspot Panel v2.

Prophylactic endoscopic vacuum therapy for stricture prevention following wide-field endoscopic submucosal dissection of superficial esophageal cancer.

Background And Aims: Esophageal stricture (ES) is a severe adverse event following wide-field endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of superficial esophageal carcinoma. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of combining endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) and budesonide orodispersible tablet (BOT) in preventing post-ESD strictures.

Methods: This prospective case series included patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma who had wide-field ESD (≥75% circumference, resection length ≥50 mm).

A Concept for Mining Transitive Sequential Patterns from Pancreatic Cancer Patient Journeys.

Pancreatic cancer, renowned for its aggressive nature and poor prognosis, necessitates the optimization of treatment strategies. The sequence of procedures in clinical trials is critical, such as evaluating the potential benefits of preoperative chemo-radio-therapy for pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, we might not be aware of other temporal sequences which have an effect on therapy response or the general outcome.

Treatment Outcomes for Maple Syrup Urine Disease Detected by Newborn Screening.

Objective: Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), a life-threatening metabolic disorder, is included in newborn screening (NBS) programs worldwide. The study aims to evaluate the impact of NBS on the long-term outcome of MSUD patients.

Methods: We performed a prospective, national, multicenter, observational study.

BAG6 restricts pancreatic cancer progression by suppressing the release of IL33-presenting extracellular vesicles and the activation of mast cells.

Recent studies reveal a critical role of tumor cell-released extracellular vesicles (EVs) in pancreatic cancer (PC) progression. However, driver genes that direct EV function, the EV-recipient cells, and their cellular response to EV uptake remain to be identified. Therefore, we studied the role of Bcl-2-associated-anthanogene 6 (BAG6), a regulator of EV biogenesis for cancer progression.

Weight-Loss Endoscopy Trial: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Weight Loss in Endoscopically Implanted Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liners versus Intragastric Balloons versus a Sham Procedure.

Introduction: Obesity is associated with reduced life expectancy and various comorbidities. Surgical interventions are effective but accompanied by the risk of serious complications. Less invasive endoscopic procedures mainly comprise the intragastric balloon (IB) and the duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL).

Drug-Induced Liver Injury Due to Doxycycline: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Antibiotics are among the most common causes of drug-induced liver injury worldwide. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and nitrofurantoin are the most common culprits while tetracyclines are a rare cause of liver injury. Among tetracyclines, minocycline has been reported more frequently than doxycycline, which is an extremely rare cause of drug-induced liver injury.