Revolutionizing the understanding of liver disease: Metabolism, function and future.

The intersection between metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an emerging area of research with significant implications for public health and clinical practice. Wang 's study highlights the complexities of managing patients with concurrent MASLD and HBV. The findings revealed that patients with concurrent MASLD-HBV exhibited more severe liver inflammation and fibrosis, whereas those with HBV alone presented a better lipid profile.

Microstructural mapping of neural pathways in Alzheimer's disease using macrostructure-informed normative tractometry.

Introduction: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is sensitive to the microstructural properties of brain tissues and shows great promise in detecting the effects of degenerative diseases. However, many approaches analyze single measures averaged over regions of interest without considering the underlying fiber geometry.

Methods: We propose a novel macrostructure-informed normative tractometry (MINT) framework to investigate how white matter (WM) microstructure and macrostructure are jointly altered in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

Effect of fatty liver disease on liver function and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and fatty liver disease (FLD) are common chronic liver diseases, both of which can progress to advanced liver diseases with poor outcome. However, it remains controversial whether the presence of FLD aggravates the disease severity of CHB patients.

Patients And Methods: All consecutive outpatients who were diagnosed with CHB at our department between March 1, 2021 and September 30, 2023 were retrospectively screened.

Effectiveness of ICS/LABA and LAMA/LABA in COPD due to biomass.

Background: COPD due to biomass exposure (COPD-B) is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, and there are no clinical trials designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments currently recommended for patients with COPD due to cigarette smoking (COPD-C). The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/V) 100/25 μg and umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI) 62.5/25 μg on the rate of exacerbations, the time to first exacerbation, on dyspnoea, health-related quality of life (HRQL), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) and inspiratory capacity (IC) during a period of 6 months in patients with COPD-B and COPD-C, at a third level referral centre in Mexico City.

Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV compared with a matched HIV-negative cohort: A test-negative design.

Objectives: We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection among a statewide cohort of people with HIV (PWH) and compared the estimates with a matched cohort of people without HIV (PWoH) in South Carolina (SC), USA.

Methods: A population-based cohort was retrieved from statewide electronic health records between January 2, 2021, and April 14, 2022, during which several variants were circulating in SC (i.e.

Body composition differences in patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Background: Although body composition (BC) has been associated with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), there is little evidence of differences in BC in patients with MASLD regarding body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study was to determine differences in BC in terms of BMI and metabolic comorbidities in patients with MASLD.

Materials And Methods: It is a cross-sectional study with patients who attended the check-up unit.

Treatment of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Preventive and Empirical Therapy for Invasive Candidiasis in Adult Pulmonary and Critical Care Patients. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

Background: The incidence of invasive fungal infections is increasing in immune-competent and immune-compromised patients. An examination of the recent literature related to the treatment of fungal infections was performed to address two clinical questions. First, in patients with proven or probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, should combination therapy with a mold-active triazole plus echinocandin be administered vs.

COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections Among People With HIV: A Statewide Cohort Analysis.

Objectives: This study aims to identify COVID-19 breakthrough infections among people with HIV (PWH) across different phases of the pandemic and explore whether differential immune dysfunctions are associated with breakthrough infections.

Design And Methods: This retrospective population-based cohort study used data from an integrated electronic health record (EHR) database in South Carolina (SC). Breakthrough infection was defined as the first COVID-19 diagnosis documented in the state agency after the date an individual was fully vaccinated (ie, 2 doses of Pfizer/BNT162b2 or Moderna/mRNA-1273, or 1 dose of Janssen/Ad26.

Why MASLD Lags Behind MAFLD: A Critical Analysis of Diagnostic Criteria Evolution in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Liver Diseases.

Emerging in the 1800s under the label "fat in the liver" and later gaining prominence in the 1980 as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the disease predominantly attributed to metabolic dysfunction presents a formidable health issue marked by substantial morbidity and mortality. It was 2020 when a change of one letter "NAFLD" to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease "MAFLD" linked with the change in the definition and diagnostic criteria began a new controversy around the globe. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) criteria represent a substantial departure from previous diagnostic measures of NAFLD, and provide the first set of positive criteria for diagnosis of the disease in adults and children that emphasise the key attribute of metabolic dysfunction in the pathogenesis, and acknowledges that the disease is a continuum across the life span.

Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease in healthy weight individuals.

Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an increasing public health problem, affecting one third of the global population. Contrary to conventional wisdom, MAFLD is not exclusive to obese or overweight individuals. Epidemiological studies have revealed a remarkable prevalence among healthy weight individuals, leading investigations into the genetic, lifestyle, and dietary factors that contribute to the development of MAFLD in this population.

Dapagliflozin and Right Ventricular-Pulmonary Vascular Interaction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Increases in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) during exercise reduce pulmonary artery (PA) compliance, increase pulsatile right ventricular (RV) afterload, and impair RV-PA coupling in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin on pulmonary vascular properties and RV-PA coupling are unknown.

Objective: To test the effect of dapagliflozin on right ventricular performance and pulmonary vascular load during exertion in HFpEF.

The clinical importance of suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathophysiology.

The development of biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD) has led to the origin of suspected non-AD pathophysiology (SNAP) - a heterogeneous biomarker-based concept that describes individuals with normal amyloid and abnormal tau and/or neurodegeneration biomarker status. In this Review, we describe the origins of the SNAP construct, along with its prevalence, diagnostic and prognostic implications, and underlying neuropathology. As we discuss, SNAP can be operationalized using different biomarker modalities, which could affect prevalence estimates and reported characteristics of SNAP in ways that are not yet fully understood.

Microstructural Mapping of Neural Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease using Macrostructure-Informed Normative Tractometry.

Introduction: Diffusion MRI is sensitive to the microstructural properties of brain tissues, and shows great promise in detecting the effects of degenerative diseases. However, many approaches analyze single measures averaged over regions of interest, without considering the underlying fiber geometry.

Methods: Here, we propose a novel Macrostructure-Informed Normative Tractometry (MINT) framework, to investigate how white matter microstructure and macrostructure are jointly altered in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

What to Expect? Use of Supplemental Fixation With a Concomitant Dorsal Spanning Plate for Complex Intraarticular Distal Radius Fractures.

Background: The dorsal spanning plate (DSP) is a versatile implant suitable for bridging severely comminuted intraarticular distal radius fractures [AO (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen) 23-C.1-C.3].

Regorafenib combined with a PD-1 inhibitor in the second-line setting for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in real-world practice.

Background: Most advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases administered molecular targeted agents and/or anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors have no response or develop resistance. Moreover, second-line therapies still cannot provide beneficial clinical outcomes. A pilot study assessing combined regorafenib and PD-1 inhibitor as second-line treatment of advanced HCC reported promising effectiveness.

Heart Failure Staging and Indications for Advanced Therapies in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease.

Heart failure (HF) is common in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD), and it is the leading cause of death in this population. Adults with CHD presenting with stage D HF have a poor prognosis, and early recognition of signs of advanced HF and referral for advanced therapies for HF offer the best survival as compared with other therapies. The indications for advanced therapies for HF outlined in this article should serve as a guide for clinicians to determine the optimal time for referral.

Workplace Violence in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Survey of Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Membership.

Introduction: Workplace violence (WPV) in US health care is increasing, and many workers are likely to experience WPV during their careers. This study aims to assess the scope of WPV in orthopaedics.

Methods: A 20-item survey adopted from the World Health Organization's 'Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Studies Research Instruments Survey Questionnaire' was sent to Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons members, including residents and fellows.