Preconception care interventions among adolescents and young adults to prevent adverse maternal, perinatal and child health outcomes: An evidence gap map.

Objective: To identify gaps in existing evidence on preconception health interventions to improve the health outcomes of adolescents, young adults, and their offspring.

Study Design: Evidence gap map (EGM) METHODS: Following the Campbell guidelines, we included reviews and interventional studies identified through searches on Medline and other electronic databases from 2010 to July 18th, 2023. Dual screening of titles/abstracts and full texts was conducted on Covidence software, followed by quality assessment and development of 2D-EGM using the EPPI-Reviewer and Mapper software.

Response to clozapine and its predictors in treatment-resistant schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A retrospective chart review.

The response rate to clozapine in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia spectrum disorders (TRSS) is around 40 %. But, in general, a better prognosis is noted for schizophrenia in developing countries, including India. Given the scarcity of related literature from India, this study aimed to evaluate the response rates to clozapine in TRSS and explore predictors of response.

Association of creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio with computed tomography measures of skeletal muscle quantity and quality: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.

Background & Aims: Skeletal muscle (SM) health has significant prognostic value in geriatric and chronic disease populations, yet its assessment is frequently omitted due to challenges in evaluation. The creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio (CCR) is a simple serum-based measure that associates well with measured SM quantity (myopenia) and strength, but evidence for its association with SM quality (myosteatosis) is limited and conflicting. This study investigated the association between CCR and computed tomography (CT) measures of myopenia and myosteatosis.

More Than the Sum of Its Parts: Disrupted Core Periphery of Multiplex Brain Networks in Multiple Sclerosis.

Disruptions to brain networks, measured using structural (sMRI), diffusion (dMRI), or functional (fMRI) MRI, have been shown in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), highlighting the relevance of regions in the core of the connectome but yielding mixed results depending on the studied connectivity domain. Using a multilayer network approach, we integrated these three modalities to portray an enriched representation of the brain's core-periphery organization and explore its alterations in PwMS. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we selected PwMS and healthy controls with complete multimodal brain MRI acquisitions from 13 European centers within the MAGNIMS network.

Primary Headache Attributed to External Compression or Traction to the Head: A Narrative Review.

Background: The aim of this review is to synthesize the existing knowledge regarding headaches attributed to external physical stimuli, as classified by the ICHD-3 (Group 4.6). Two forms can be distinguished in this group: (1) headache attributed to external compression and (2) headache attributed to external traction.

A Multinational Comparison Study of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Anxiety, Depression, and Anger Item Bank in the General Population.

Objectives: This study aimed to compared Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety, depression, and anger item bank among Korean, US and Dutch general population.

Methods: Between December 2021 and January 2022, we surveyed representative Korean participants (N = 2699). Then we compared the mean T-scores of PROMIS anxiety, depression, and anger full items bank among Korean, US (N = 1696) and the Dutch (N = 1002) populations.

A flat posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction restores native knee kinematics, comparable to a double-bundle reconstruction-A biomechanical robotic investigation.

Purpose: To biomechanically evaluate a flat posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction utilizing rectangular femoral bone tunnels.

Methods: Eight fresh-frozen human knee specimens were tested in a six-degrees-of-freedom robotic test setup. In each testing step, a force-controlled test protocol was performed, including 89 N posterior tibial translation (PTT) in neutral, internal and external rotation, from 0 to 90° of flexion.

Stone at the same location for 2 months predicts impacted stones and stone-free status after shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral stones: A Funabashi clinic expert study.

Objectives: To evaluate the success rate of shock wave lithotripsy and identify predictors of stone-free status after shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral stones, focusing on the impact of stones remaining in the same location for 2 months (SSL2).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 501 patients with ureteral stones treated with shock wave lithotripsy by expert surgeons (each with over 1000 shock wave lithotripsy operations) at a single Japanese institution in 2020. Logistic regression analysis identified predictors of stone-free status, including stone length, skin-to-stone distance, stone density (Hounsfield Unit), Hounsfield Unit above/below the stone, stone position, and duration of stone at the same location (SSL2).

Assessing the performance of chest x-ray screening in detecting early-stage lung cancer in the general population.

Chest x-ray (CXR) is widely used for lung cancer screening in Japan. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of CXR in detecting early lung cancer and its histological types. We cross-referenced lung cancer municipality screening data with the regional cancer registry database.

Recommendations on Ultrasound-Guided Hyaluronic Acid Soft Tissue Augmentation of the Upper Face in Asians.

Background: Ultrasonography allows real-time imaging of facial soft tissue during hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injections. However, there is currently limited guidance relating to ultrasound-guided HA filler placement in the upper face.

Aims: To develop guidance for the effective use of ultrasonography to improve the safety of HA filler injection procedures.

Exploring the associations of sleep bruxism and obstructive sleep apnea with migraine among patients with temporomandibular disorder: A polysomnographic study.

Background: Migraine is the most common disabling headache disorder in the world. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of conditions characterized by pain/dysfunction of masticatory muscles or their associated structures. There is a lack of studies concerning the association between sleep disorders such as sleep bruxism (SB), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), migraine, and TMD, despite the increased prevalence of these conditions in TMD patients.

A Call to Action: Healthcare Professionals to Become Independent of the Commercial Milk Formula Industry.

Health-care professionals (HCP) have a responsibility to protect and promote maternal and infant health and breastfeeding is one of the most effective measures to support this. Increasing breastfeeding rates in Australia is crucial to improving population health, but the absence of robust policies, programmes and education for HCP undermines this effort. The pervasive marketing of commercial milk formulas (CMF), including sponsorship of HCP and their organisations, has introduced significant conflicts of interest that distort clinical practice, education, research and guidelines developed in the infant feeding domain.

HIV prevention and missed opportunities among people with recently acquired HIV infection: Α protocol for a systematic review.

Background: Individuals who have recently acquired HIV represent a unique population because the time frame since HIV acquisition is relatively short and identification of missed HIV prevention opportunities is, therefore, closer to real time and less subject to recall bias. Identifying prevention measures used and missed opportunities for using them, can help stop further HIV transmission.

Objectives: This systematic review aims to synthesise current global evidence on uptake of HIV prevention methods among people with recently acquired HIV from 2007, the year that the concept of ART as a prevention method was first introduced.

Dynamics of thrombin generation: Filling the gap between the system pharmacology theory and clinical practice in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

Mathematical models of thrombin generation (TG) that have been developed are based on a systems biology approach. Although this approach provides important information about the coagulation system, its clinical applicability is limited by its complexity and number of input variables required. The aim of this study was to develop a semimechanistic model able to describe TG in trauma and control patients.

Relative abrasive potential of silica-based conventional and tablet dentifrices on enamel and dentin.

Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to investigate the toothbrushing wear on both enamel and dentin surfaces of reference and commercially available dentifrices.

Methods: Bovine enamel and dentin blocks were initially polished and embedded within a resin composite in square shapes (10×8×6 mm3). Employing toothbrushes equipped with nylon bristles, a toothbrushing machine was utilized, subjecting dentin specimens (n = 36) to 500 brush cycles and enamel samples to 5000 brush cycles (n = 36).

Interrater reliability and agreement of the NEUMOBACT checklist about infection-prevention performance of intensive care nurses in simulation-based scenarios.

Objective: To analyse the interrater reliability of the NEUMOBACT checklist and verify whether consistent results are reproducible.

Methods: A validation study with a cross-sectional design, compliant with the GRRAS checklist, among ICU nurses attending a SIMULAZERO course with an Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation simulation format, to verify transfer from theory to clinical practice of knowledge and skills in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and catheter-related bacteraemia (CRB) prevention. A minimum sample size of 111 pairs of nurse raters was calculated.

The effect of different anesthetics on the incidence of AKI and AKD after neurosurgical procedures.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence after neurosurgical operations has been reported as 10-14%. The literature regarding the incidence of nosocomial acute kidney disease (AKD) following neurosurgery is scarce. This retrospective, single-center, observational study aimed to assess the impact of different anaesthetics on development of postoperative AKI and persistent AKD in neurosurgical patients.

Effects of Graphene Quantum Dots on Renal Fibrosis Through Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Restoring Mitochondrial Membrane Potential.

Podocyte injury and proteinuria in glomerular disease are critical indicators of acute kidney injury progression to chronic kidney disease. Renal mitochondrial dysfunction, mediated by intracellular calcium levels and oxidative stress, is a major contributor to podocyte complications. Despite various strategies targeting mitochondria to improve kidney function, effective treatments remain lacking.

Clinical outcomes by baseline metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus sunitinib: Post hoc analysis of the CLEAR trial.

Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab significantly improved efficacy versus sunitinib in treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) in the phase 3 CLEAR study. We report results of an exploratory post hoc analysis of tumor response data based on baseline metastatic characteristics of patients who received lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus sunitinib, at the final overall survival analysis time point of CLEAR (cutoff: July 31, 2022). Treatment-naïve adults with aRCC were randomized to: lenvatinib (20 mg PO QD in 21-day cycles) plus pembrolizumab (n = 355; 200 mg IV Q3W); lenvatinib plus everolimus (not reported here); or sunitinib (n = 357; 50 mg PO QD; 4 weeks on/2 weeks off).

Delineation of the Genetic Architecture and Clinical Polymorphism of 3q29 Duplication Syndrome: A Review of the Literature and a Report of Two Novel Patients With Single-Gene BDH1 Duplications.

Background: Chromosome 3q29 duplication syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder with a frequency of 1:5000 in patients with a neurodevelopmental phenotype. The syndrome is characterized by phenotypic polymorphism and reduced penetrance.

Methods: Patients were investigated by performing a cytogenetic analysis of GTG-banded metaphases, aCGH with the SurePrint G3 Human CGH Microarray 8×60K, qPCR, FISH, and WES.

Healthy core: Harmonizing brain MRI for supporting multicenter migraine classification studies.

Multicenter and multi-scanner imaging studies may be necessary to ensure sufficiently large sample sizes for developing accurate predictive models. However, multicenter studies, incorporating varying research participant characteristics, MRI scanners, and imaging acquisition protocols, may introduce confounding factors, potentially hindering the creation of generalizable machine learning models. Models developed using one dataset may not readily apply to another, emphasizing the importance of classification model generalizability in multi-scanner and multicenter studies for producing reproducible results.

Histologic and Endoscopic Findings Are Highly Correlated in a Prospective Cohort of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Background And Aims: The advantages of endoscopic vs histologic assessments of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease remain unclear. We compared endoscopic and histologic inflammation in a prospective cohort. Furthermore, in patients with discordant findings, we compared the ability of endoscopy vs histology to predict disease course.

Detection of focal cortical dysplasia: Development and multicentric evaluation of artificial intelligence models.

Objective: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a common cause of drug-resistant focal epilepsy but can be challenging to detect visually on magnetic resonance imaging. Three artificial intelligence models for automated FCD detection are publicly available (MAP18, deepFCD, MELD) but have only been compared on single-center data. Our first objective is to compare them on independent multicenter test data.

Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated With Intravenous Access First Attempt and Overall Success in Hospitalised Medical-Surgical Adults.

Aims: To determine patient and nursing factors associated with peripheral intravenous access success among hospitalised adults on medical-surgical units.

Design: A prospective, cross-sectional, correlational design was guided by STROBE.

Methods: Within a quaternary care hospital with multiple medical-surgical units, nurses who attempted intravenous access completed case report forms and medical records were reviewed to record 38 factors associated with intravenous access success.