Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies.

Objective: The mechanisms and neuronal networks associated with anxiety in Parkinson's disease (PD) are incompletely understood. One of the best tools for investigating both component function and neuronal networks associated with psychiatric symptoms is functional MRI (fMRI). Unlike structural scans, functional scans, whether task-based or resting-state, are more likely to be clinically relevant and sensitive to changes related to treatment.

Telemedicine and Deep brain stimulation - Current practices and recommendations.

The use of telemedicine in the management of chronic neurological conditions including movement disorders has expanded over time. In addition to enabling remote access to specialized care, telemedicine has also been shown to reduce caregiver burden and to improve patient satisfaction. With the COVID-19 pandemic, implementation of telehealth for patients with movement disorders, particularly those with more severe mobility issues, has increased rapidly.

Long-Term Application of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Does Not Improve Motor Learning in Parkinson's Disease.

Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (c-tDCS) enhances motor skill acquisition and motor learning in young and old adults. Since the cerebellum is involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), c-tDCS may represent an intervention with potential to improve motor learning in PD. The primary purpose was to determine the influence of long-term application of c-tDCS on motor learning in PD.

Effect of Weight Class on Regional Brain Volume, Cognition, and Other Neuropsychiatric Outcomes among Professional Fighters.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common source of functional impairment among athletes, military personnel, and the general population. Professional fighters in both boxing and mixed martial arts (MMA) are at particular risk for repetitive TBI and may provide valuable insight into both the pathophysiology of TBI and its consequences. Currently, effects of fighter weight class on brain volumetrics (regional and total) and functional outcomes are unknown.

Story Memory Impairment Rates and Association with Hippocampal Volumes in a Memory Clinic Population.

Objective: Story memory tasks are among the most commonly used memory tests; however, research suggests they may be less sensitive to memory decline and have a weaker association with hippocampal volumes than list learning tasks. To examine its utility, we compared story memory to other memory tests on impairment rates and association with hippocampal volumes.

Method: Archival records from 1617 older adults (M = 74.

Effect of Age on Clinical Trial Outcome in Participants with Probable Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Age may affect treatment outcome in trials of mild probable Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: We examined age as a moderator of outcome in an exploratory study of deep brain stimulation targeting the fornix (DBS-f) region in participants with AD.

Methods: Forty-two participants were implanted with DBS electrodes and randomized to double-blind DBS-f stimulation ("on") or sham DBS-f ("off") for 12 months.

Energy-Period Profiles of Brain Networks in Group fMRI Resting-State Data: A Comparison of Empirical Mode Decomposition With the Short-Time Fourier Transform and the Discrete Wavelet Transform.

Traditionally, functional networks in resting-state data were investigated with linear Fourier and wavelet-related methods to characterize their frequency content by relying on pre-specified frequency bands. In this study, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), an adaptive time-frequency method, is used to investigate the naturally occurring frequency bands of resting-state data obtained by Group Independent Component Analysis. Specifically, energy-period profiles of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) obtained by EMD are created and compared for different resting-state networks.

Hippocampal correlates of episodic memory in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies.

The present review asks whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are able to define neural correlates of episodic memory within the hippocampus in Parkinson's disease (PD). Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, and EMBASE using search terms related to structural and functional MRI (fMRI), the hippocampus, episodic memory, and PD. Risk of bias was assessed for each study using the Newtown-Ottawa Scale.

Does Informant-Based Reporting of Cognitive Decline Correlate with Age-Adjusted Hippocampal Volume in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease?

Background: Informant-based measures are effective screening tools for cognitive impairment. The Alzheimer's Questionnaire (AQ) is a subjective, informant-based measure that detects amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) with high sensitivity and specificity and has been shown to predict amyloid burden.

Objective: To determine whether informant-based report of cognitive decline correlates with hippocampal volume changes in MCI and AD.

Erratum to: HARMONY Study: Pimavanserin Significantly Prolongs Time to Relapse of Dementia-Related Psychosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.530.

Diagnostic criteria for apathy in neurocognitive disorders.

Introduction: Apathy is common in neurocognitive disorders (NCD) but NCD-specific diagnostic criteria are needed.

Methods: The International Society for CNS Clinical Trials Methodology Apathy Work Group convened an expert group and sought input from academia, health-care, industry, and regulatory bodies. A modified Delphi methodology was followed, and included an extensive literature review, two surveys, and two meetings at international conferences, culminating in a consensus meeting in 2019.

Mapping autonomic, mood and cognitive effects of hypothalamic region deep brain stimulation.

Because of its involvement in a wide variety of cardiovascular, metabolic and behavioural functions, the hypothalamus constitutes a potential target for neuromodulation in a number of treatment-refractory conditions. The precise neural substrates and circuitry subserving these responses, however, are poorly characterized to date. We sought to retrospectively explore the acute sequelae of hypothalamic region deep brain stimulation and characterize their neuroanatomical correlates.

Uptake of telehealth in Parkinson's disease clinical care and research during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Traditionally, medical care and research in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been conducted with in-person encounters. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the delivery of in-person clinical care and clinical research. We conducted an online survey of active clinician members of the Parkinson Study Group (PSG) to evaluate the adoption of various non-face-to-face methods in clinical practice and research in PD during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Brain Entropy During Aging Through a Free Energy Principle Approach.

Neural complexity and brain entropy (BEN) have gained greater interest in recent years. The dynamics of neural signals and their relations with information processing continue to be investigated through different measures in a variety of noteworthy studies. The BEN of spontaneous neural activity decreases during states of reduced consciousness.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome.

Objective: To develop evidence-informed, expert consensus research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES), the clinical disorder associated with neuropathologically diagnosed chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

Methods: A panel of 20 expert clinician-scientists in neurology, neuropsychology, psychiatry, neurosurgery, and physical medicine and rehabilitation, from 11 academic institutions, participated in a modified Delphi procedure to achieve consensus, initiated at the First National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Consensus Workshop to Define the Diagnostic Criteria for TES April, 2019. Before consensus, panelists reviewed evidence from all published cases of CTE with neuropathologic confirmation, and they examined the predictive validity data on clinical features in relation to CTE pathology from a large clinicopathologic study (n = 298).

Alzheimer's disease.

In this Seminar, we highlight the main developments in the field of Alzheimer's disease. The most recent data indicate that, by 2050, the prevalence of dementia will double in Europe and triple worldwide, and that estimate is 3 times higher when based on a biological (rather than clinical) definition of Alzheimer's disease. The earliest phase of Alzheimer's disease (cellular phase) happens in parallel with accumulating amyloid β, inducing the spread of tau pathology.

Machine learning methods to predict amyloid positivity using domain scores from cognitive tests.

Amyloid-[Formula: see text] (A[Formula: see text]) is the target in many clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Preclinical AD patients are heterogeneous with regards to different backgrounds and diagnosis. Accurately predicting A[Formula: see text] status of participants by using machine learning (ML) models based on easily accessible data, could improve the effectiveness of AD clinical trials.

Rasagiline effects on glucose metabolism, cognition, and tau in Alzheimer's dementia.

Background: A Phase II proof of concept (POC) randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of rasagiline, a monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor approved for Parkinson disease, in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). The primary objective was to determine if 1 mg of rasagiline daily for 24 weeks is associated with improved regional brain metabolism (fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography [FDG-PET]) compared to placebo. Secondary objectives included measurement of effects on tau PET and evaluation of directional consistency of clinical end points.

Sex Differences of Brain Functional Topography Revealed in Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Cohort.

We applied graph theory analysis on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to evaluate sex differences of brain functional topography in normal controls (NCs), early mild cognitive impairment (eMCI), and AD patients. These metrics were correlated with RAVLT verbal learning and memory scores. The results show NCs have better functional connectivity (FC) metrics than eMCI and AD, and NC women show worse FC metrics compared to men, despite performing better on the RAVLT.

Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease: Evolving the Care Team for Optimal Patient Management.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that creates complex challenges and a significant burden for patients and caregivers. Although underlying pathological changes due to AD may be detected in research studies decades prior to symptom onset, many patients in the early stages of AD remain undiagnosed in clinical practice. Increasing evidence points to the importance of an early and accurate AD diagnosis to optimize outcomes for patients and their families, yet many barriers remain along the diagnostic journey.

Brain structures and networks responsible for stimulation-induced memory flashbacks during forniceal deep brain stimulation for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Fornix deep brain stimulation (fx-DBS) is under investigation for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the anatomic correlates of flashback phenomena that were reported previously during acute diencephalic stimulation.

Methods: Thirty-nine patients with mild AD who took part in a prior fx-DBS trial (NCT01608061) were studied.