Polite AI mitigates user susceptibility to AI hallucinations.

With their increased capability, AI-based chatbots have become increasingly popular tools to help users answer complex queries. However, these chatbots may hallucinate, or generate incorrect but very plausible-sounding information, more frequently than previously thought. Thus, it is crucial to examine strategies to mitigate human susceptibility to hallucinated output.

Optimization of pretreatments to enhance quality characteristics and storage period of kinnow (Citrus reticulata Blanco) using response surface methodology.

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the impact of pretreatments viz. wax coating, hot water dipping, and fungicide treatment on quality characteristics of kinnow. In the present study, a trial was conducted to extend the shelf life of kinnow fruits by maintaining the initial quality characteristics with three wax-to-water dilution ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3), hot water dipping at 56 °C with varying time (40, 60, 80 s) along with fungicide treatment at various concentration (150, 200, 250 ppm).

Phasing nanopore genome assembly by integrating heterozygous variations and Hi-C data.

Motivation: Haplotype-resolved genome assemblies serve as vital resources in various research domains, including genomics, medicine, and pangenomics. Algorithms employing Hi-C data to generate haplotype-resolved assemblies are particularly advantageous due to its ready availability. Existing methods primarily depend on mapping quality to filter out uninformative Hi-C alignments which may be susceptible to sequencing errors.

Mattering Matters: Examining the Moderating Role of Mattering in Cyberbullying Victimization-Outcome Relationships Among College Students.

Recognized as a public health threat, cyberbullying victimization (CV), or bullying experienced through digital technologies, is mostly studied among adolescents, but evidence among college students suggests that it is prevalent and linked with negative outcomes. One protective factor that might reduce the impact of CV is mattering, which involves feeling significant and valued by others. In this study, we explored five hypotheses, including examining the moderating role of mattering in four CV-outcome relationships (self-esteem, life satisfaction, depression, and academic performance).

Relationship Between Loss of Y Chromosome and Urologic Cancers: New Future Perspectives.

The Y chromosome (ChrY) is essential for male sex determination and spermatogenesis. However, recent studies have revealed its broader role in various physiological processes and disease susceptibility, including cancer. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases like MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

A Novel Method for 3D Lung Tumor Reconstruction Using Generative Models.

Background: Lung cancer remains a significant health concern, and the effectiveness of early detection significantly enhances patient survival rates. Identifying lung tumors with high precision is a challenge due to the complex nature of tumor structures and the surrounding lung tissues.

Methods: To address these hurdles, this paper presents an innovative three-step approach that leverages Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and VGG16 algorithms for the accurate reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) lung tumor images.

Biomechanical drivers of the evolution of butterflies and moths with a coilable proboscis.

Current biomechanical models suggest that butterflies and moths use their proboscis as a drinking straw pulling nectar as a continuous liquid column. Our analyses revealed an alternative mode for fluid uptake: drinking bubble trains that help defeat drag. We combined X-ray phase-contrast imaging, optical video microscopy, micro-computed tomography, phylogenetic models of evolution and fluid mechanics models of bubble-train formation to understand the biomechanics of butterfly and moth feeding.

A fluorescence probe for monitoring toxic hypochlorous acid in biosystems and environmental waters with a broad pH adaptation.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is commonly utilized in various daily applications. As a toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that generated from the industrial and pharmaceutical aspects, it plays a critical role in the mass cycle of environmental system and various biological processes. Understanding the complicated roles of HOCl in environment and biosystems requires the development of precise and efficient detection methods.

Impact of Substance Use Disorder on Tryptophan Metabolism Through the Kynurenine Pathway: A Narrative Review.

: Substance use disorder is a crisis impacting many people in the United States. This review aimed to identify the effect addictive substances have on the kynurenine pathway. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid metabolized by the serotonin and kynurenine pathways.

Co-application of glucose and phosphorus with recalcitrant high-carbon soil amendments improves N retention in a reclaimed soil: a long-term incubation study.

Incorporation of soil amendments with high organic carbon content (HCA) can reduce losses of mineral nitrogen (N) from agricultural soils. The magnitude of N immobilization and remobilization is strongly controlled by the availability of carbon (C) and phosphorus (P). However, the exact mechanisms and interactions between C, N, and P availability are poorly understood.

Views of Aging and Subjective Cognition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Views of aging have been linked with many important outcomes in older adults. Subjective cognition, or one's perception of their cognitive functioning, may be a valuable indicator of cognitive changes as individuals age, but is known to be impacted by a variety of factors. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence on relationships between views of aging and subjective cognition, including whether and how these relationships may differ based on age.

Efficacy of photoClO2 against two human norovirus surrogates and Clostridioides difficile endospores on stainless steel and nylon carpet.

Aims: Determine efficacy of an aqueous photocatalytic disinfection system, photoClO2, against two human norovirus surrogates [feline calicivirus (FCV) and Tulane virus (TuV)] and Clostridioides difficile endospores on stainless steel and nylon carpet.

Methods And Results: The photoClO2 system was first optimized with 1% sodium chlorite (NaClO2) and 10 ppm Eosin Y to produce 60.64 ppm ClO2/min in a 4.

Shelter-in-place during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact on secondary health conditions, anxiety, loneliness, social isolation, social connectedness, and positive affect and well-being.

Context/objective: The objective of this study was to examine the implications of shelter-in-place (SIP) during the COVID-19 pandemic on secondary health conditions (SHC), loneliness, social isolation, social connectedness, anxiety, and positive affect and well-being (PAWB) among community-dwelling adults with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: An online exploratory cross-sectional descriptive design.

Participants: 131 community-dwelling adults with SCI.

Tibial Baseplate Microstructure Governs High Cycle Fatigue Fracture In Vivo.

Previous studies report rare occurrences of tibial baseplate fractures following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, at a microstructural scale, it remains unclear how fatigue models developed in vitro apply to fractures in vivo. In this study, we asked: (1) do any clinical factors differentiate fracture patients from a broader revision sample; and (2) in vivo, how does microstructure influence fatigue crack propagation? We identified three fractured tibial baseplates from an institutional review board exempt implant retrieval program.

A review of non-microbial biological control strategies against the Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), is a polyphagous woodboring beetle that infests and damages hardwood host trees in Asia, Europe, and North America. Native to China and the Korean peninsula, ALB is invasive in both North America and Europe. Due to the large environmental and economic impacts associated with ALB, much effort has been placed on its management and eradication from invaded areas.

Wear, Material Transfer, and Electrocautery Damage Are Ubiquitous on CoCrMo Femoral Knee Retrievals.

Despite high total knee arthroplasty (TKA) survivorship after 10 years (92%-99%), a gap persists where patient satisfaction lags clinical success. Additionally, while cobalt chrome molybdenum (CoCrMo) use decreases in primary total hip arthroplasty, the alloy continues to be widely used in TKA femoral components. In vivo, CoCrMo degradation may be associated with adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR) and compared with the hip, the damage mechanisms that may release metal in the knee and the potential biological effects remain poorly understood.

Diversity and prevalence of Leucocytozoon in black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Thailand.

Background: Leucocytozoonosis, a parasitic disease of birds, is caused by haemosporidian protozoan parasites of the genus Leucocytozoon, which infect diverse avian species, including poultry. These parasites are transmitted by several black fly species, but knowledge of the factors determining the diversity and prevalence in these vectors, which is crucial for fully understanding disease epidemiology, is largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated factors associated with the prevalence and diversity of Leucocytozoon species in black flies from Thailand.

Enhancing prediction accuracy of grain yield in wheat lines adapted to the southeastern United States through multivariate and multi-environment genomic prediction models incorporating spectral and thermal information.

Enhancing predictive modeling accuracy in wheat (Triticum aestivum) breeding through the integration of high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) data with genomic information is crucial for maximizing genetic gain. In this study, spanning four locations in the southeastern United States over 3 years, models to predict grain yield (GY) were investigated through different cross-validation approaches. The results demonstrate the superiority of multivariate comprehensive models that incorporate both genomic and HTP data, particularly in accurately predicting GY across diverse locations and years.