Cross-resistance between strain AFS009 metabolites (Howler EVO) and fludioxonil in .

Howler EVO is a biological fungicide based on metabolites of the bacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009. One of the metabolites, pyrrolnitrin (PRN), is a chemical analogue of the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil used to manage gray mold of fruit crops caused by Botrytis cinerea. Resistance to fludioxonil in B.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Composition of Infants with Ischemic Stroke.

Objective: To characterize the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infants with stroke and compare those findings to the CSF of infants with bacterial meningitis and neither condition in the first 14 postnatal days.

Study Design: Cohort study of 30,092 infants who received a lumbar puncture in the first 14 postnatal days discharged from >300 neonatal intensive care units from 1997-2020. CSF parameters were compared between infants with stroke and bacterial meningitis using non-parametric hypothesis testing and quantile regression.

Exploring social determinants of healthcare and cognition levels among diverse older adults.

Background: The purpose was to investigate the impact of social determinants of health on healthcare utilization among older adults in two cognition groups: normal and dementia/impaired cognition.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 16,339) to assess healthcare utilization: hospital stay, nursing home stay, hospice care, and doctor visits. The respondents were classified into two cognition groups using the Langa-Weir approach.

Computational exploration of the self-aggregation mechanisms of phenol-soluble modulins β1 and β2 in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.

The formation of functional bacterial amyloids by phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) in Staphylococcus aureus is a critical component of biofilm-associated infections, providing robust protective barriers against antimicrobial agents and immune defenses. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms of PSM self-assembly within the biofilm matrix is essential for developing strategies to disrupt biofilm integrity and combat biofilm-related infections. In this study, we analyzed the self-assembly dynamics of PSM-β1 and PSM-β2 by examining their folding and dimerization through long-timescale atomistic discrete molecular dynamics simulations.

How Different Are Family Medicine Residents Who Desire Additional Training?

Background And Objectives: Limited knowledge is present regarding how fellowship training correlates with graduate outcomes and whether current residents desire an additional year of residency training. The aim of this study is to examine trends in fellowship training and compare residency and practice outcomes between those interested and those not interested in fellowship training as well as the proportion of residents desiring an additional year of residency training.

Methods: We compared data from the American Board of Family Medicine Initial Certification Questionnaire (2017-2019) to the National Graduate Survey (NGS; 2020-2022).

Perception of Residency Program Diversity Is Associated With Vulnerability to Race and Gender Stereotype Threat Among Minority and Female Orthopaedic Trainees.

Introduction: Stereotype threat (ST) is a psychological phenomenon in which perceived fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's identity group leads to impaired performance. Gender and racial ST has been described in various academic settings. However, it is prevalence in orthopaedic surgery, where women and minorities are underrepresented, has not been examined.

Improving polygenic prediction from summary data by learning patterns of effect sharing across multiple phenotypes.

Polygenic prediction of complex trait phenotypes has become important in human genetics, especially in the context of precision medicine. Recently, mr.mash, a flexible and computationally efficient method that models multiple phenotypes jointly and leverages sharing of effects across such phenotypes to improve prediction accuracy, was introduced.

Electrokinetic flow instabilities in shear thinning fluids with conductivity gradients.

Instabilities in the form of periodic or irregular waves at the fluid interface have been demonstrated in microchannel electrokinetic flows with conductivity gradients when the applied electric field is above a threshold value. Most prior studies on electrokinetic instabilities (EKI) are restricted to Newtonian fluids though many of the chemical and biological samples in microfluidic applications exhibit non-Newtonian characteristics. We present in this work an experimental study of the effects of fluid shear thinning on the development of EKI waves through the addition of a small amount of xanthan gum (XG) polymer to both the high- and low-concentration Newtonian buffer solutions.

Genome-resolved adaptation strategies of to changing conditions in the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays.

Unlabelled: The abundant and metabolically versatile aquatic bacterial order, , influences marine biogeochemical cycles. We assessed metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) abundance, estimated growth rates, and potential and expressed functions in the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays, two important US estuaries. Phylogenomics of draft and draft/closed genomes from this study and others placed 46 nearly complete MAGs from these bays into 11 genera, many were not well characterized.

Effect of School HPV Vaccination Requirements on Pediatricians' Recommendations.

: Pediatrician recommendations are highly influential in parents' decisions to vaccinate their children against HPV. Unqualified, presumptive, and bundled recommendations (UPBRs) are associated with increased HPV vaccine uptake and are considered best practice. This study analyzes pediatricians' self-reported data to assess changes in UPBR use and the psychosocial determinants of UPBR use as a result of the implementation of a multi-level intervention, the Adolescent Vaccination Program (AVP).

A Lyapunov Optimization-Based Approach to Autonomous Vehicle Local Path Planning.

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) offer significant potential to improve safety, reduce emissions, and increase comfort, drawing substantial attention from both research and industry. A critical challenge in achieving SAE Level 5 autonomy, full automation, is path planning. Ongoing efforts in academia and industry are focused on optimizing AV path planning, reducing computational complexity, and enhancing safety.

Microbiome Structures and Beneficial Bacteria in Soybean Roots Under Field Conditions of Prolonged High Temperatures and Drought Stress.

Drought stress has a significant impact on agricultural productivity, affecting key crops such as soybeans, the second most widely cultivated crop in the United States. Endophytic and rhizospheric microbial diversity analyses were conducted with soybean plants cultivated during the 2023 growing season amid extreme weather conditions of prolonged high temperatures and drought in Louisiana. Specifically, surviving and non-surviving soybean plants were collected from two plots of a Louisiana soybean field severely damaged by extreme heat and drought conditions in 2023.

Editorial for the Micro/Nanoscale Electrokinetics Section.

Electrokinetics is the study of fluid flow and particle motion driven by electricity [...

Amplicon Sequencing Analysis of Submerged Plant Microbiome Diversity and Screening for ACC Deaminase Production by Microbes.

Submerged plants can thrive entirely underwater, playing a crucial role in maintaining water quality, supporting aquatic organisms, and enhancing sediment stability. However, they face multiple challenges, including reduced light availability, fluctuating water conditions, and limited nutrient access. Despite these stresses, submerged plants demonstrate remarkable resilience through physiological and biochemical adaptations.

Attempts to Create Transgenic Mice Carrying the Q3924E Mutation in RyR2 Ca Binding Site.

Over 200 point mutations in the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) are known to be associated with cardiac arrhythmia. We have already reported on the calcium signaling phenotype of a point mutation in RyR2 Ca binding site Q3925E expressed in human stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) that was found to be lethal in a 9-year-old girl. CRISPR/Cas9-gene-edited mutant cardiomyocytes carrying the RyR2-Q3925E mutation exhibited a loss of calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) and caffeine-triggered calcium release but continued to beat arrhythmically without generating significant SR Ca release, consistent with a remodeling of the calcium signaling pathway.

Exosome-Mediated Transfer of X-Motif-Tagged Anti-MiR-33a-5p Antagomirs to the Medial Cells of Transduced Rabbit Carotid Arteries.

Atherosclerosis is caused by the accumulation of cholesterol within intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages. However, the transporter ATP-binding cassette subfamily A, member 1 (ABCA1), can remove cholesterol from these intimal, cells reducing atherosclerosis. Antagomir-mediated inhibition of miR-33a-5p, a microRNA that represses ABCA1 translation, promotes ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux and may impede atherosclerosis development.

A Longitudinal Exploration of -Related Hemiplegic Migraine in Children Using Electronic Medical Records.

Background And Objectives: Since the initial description of related hemiplegic migraine (HM), the phenotypic spectrum has expanded from mild episodes in neurotypical individuals to potentially life-threatening events frequently seen in individuals with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. However, the overall longitudinal course throughout childhood remains unknown.

Methods: We analyzed HM and seizure history from electronic medical records in individuals with -related HM, delineating frequency and severity of events in monthly increments through a standardized approach.

Distribution of propiconazole-resistant in peach orchards with or without cull fruit amendments.

Resistance to propiconazole in G. candidum was reported previously in isolates collected from peaches after cold storage, but the origin of resistance was unclear. If resistance had been generated and selected in the packinghouse with postharvest propiconazole drenches, we would expect to find resistance in the sour rot pathogen only in orchards that had received cull fruit returned to the orchard floor from the packinghouse.

Prevalence of Disordered Eating Behaviors Among Sexual and Gender Minority Youth Varies at the Intersection of Gender Identity and Race/Ethnicity.

Objective: Prior work has documented inequities in disordered eating behavior (DEB) prevalence across gender identity, race, and ethnicity, yet has often ignored the fact that individuals belong to multiple social groups simultaneously. The present study assessed DEB inequities at the intersection of gender identity and race/ethnicity.

Method: The sample included n = 10,287 adolescents (68% gender-diverse, 33% belonging to marginalized racial/ethnic groups).

Evaluating medical learners' experiences with health literacy at a southeastern medical school.

Background: Health literacy (HL) is crucial for making informed health decisions. Over one-third of US adults have limited HL, leading to adverse health outcomes. Despite its importance, HL education lacks standardization in medical training.

Pediatric Cardiovascular Multiscale Modeling using a Functional Mock-up Interface.

Purpose: Computational models of the cardiovascular system continue to increase in complexity. As more elements of the physiology are captured in multiscale models, there is a need to efficiently integrate subsystems. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of a coupling methodology, called functional mock-up interface (FMI), as applied to multiscale cardiovascular modeling.

Computational insights into the aggregation mechanism of human calcitonin.

Human calcitonin (hCT) is a peptide hormone that regulates calcium homeostasis, but its abnormal aggregation can disrupt physiological functions and increase the risk of medullary thyroid carcinoma. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying hCT aggregation, we investigated the self-assembly dynamics of hCT segments (hCT, hCT, and hCT) and the folding and dimerization of full-length hCT through microsecond atomistic discrete molecular dynamics (DMD) simulations. Our results revealed that hCT and hCT predominantly existed as isolated monomers with transient small-sized oligomers, indicating weak aggregation tendencies.

Treatment of cattle with ivermectin and its effect on dung degradation and larval abundance in a tropical savanna setting.

When ingested as part of a blood meal, the antiparasitic drug ivermectin kills mosquitoes, making it a candidate for mass drug administration (MDA) in humans and livestock to reduce malaria transmission. When administered to livestock, most ivermectin is excreted unmetabolized in the dung within 5 days post administration. Presence of ivermectin, has been shown to adversely affect dung colonizers and dung degradation in temperate settings; however, those findings may not apply to, tropical environment, where ivermectin MDA against malaria would occur.

Extended reality as a modality to train non-technical skills in healthcare: A scoping review.

The need to train non-technical skills (NTS) has seen a growing emphasis in recent literature, as they have been associated with improved patient outcomes. NTS training often utilizes live simulations where healthcare workers can practice these skills, but simulations like this can be expensive and resource intensive to run. Training technical skills using extended reality tools (e.