Tuning electronic and optical properties of 2D polymeric C by stacking two layers.

Benefiting from improved stability due to interlayer van der Waals interactions, few-layer fullerene networks are experimentally more accessible compared to monolayer polymeric C. However, there is a lack of systematic theoretical studies on the material properties of few-layer C networks. Here, we compare the structural, electronic and optical properties of bilayer and monolayer fullerene networks.

A call for research to address the threat of paper mills.

Research paper mills are covert organizations that provide low-quality or fabricated manuscripts to paying clients. As members of the United2Act Research Working Group, we propose 5 key research questions on paper mills that require resourcing and support.

Assessing the Trajectory of Bipolar Disorder Effectively in Order to Treat Effectively.

Accurate diagnosis of mood disorders, particularly depression and bipolar disorder, is essential for effective treatment planning and patient management. This article emphasizes the need for systematic symptom assessment and longitudinal analysis in facilitating the precise diagnosis and planning appropriate treatment interventions. By meticulously evaluating the symptomatology and delineating the longitudinal trajectory of the illness, clinicians can distinguish between unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, and therefore optimise patient outcomes.

Sandra Sabattini - A Patron or Role Model for Medical Students? A Study of Medical Student-Patient Relationships.

We examine whether Sandra Sabattini, a young Medical Student who was beatified by Pope Francis in 2021 should be seen as a role model for medical students, and potentially seen as their patron saint. We examine the difference between Patron Saint and Role Model. We make the case that, given the importance of the Doctor-Patient Relationship, there is need for Medical Students to have a Role Model.

Multidimensional primate niche space sheds light on interspecific competition in primate evolution.

Characterising how the totality of primate diversity is distributed across the order, and how it evolved, is challenging because diversity in individual traits often show opposing phylogenetic patterns. A species' combination of traits can be conceptualised as its 'niche'. Here, we describe and analyse seven-dimensional niche space, comprising 11 traits, for 191 primate species.

Chemical 'canaries': Munitions workers in the First World War.

In the early twentieth century, scientific innovations permanently changed international warfare. As chemicals traveled out of laboratories into factories and military locations, war became waged at home as well as overseas. Large numbers of women were employed in munitions factories during the First World War, but their public memories have been overshadowed by men who died on battlefields abroad; they have also been ignored in traditional histories of chemistry that focus on laboratory-based research.

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) superspreader events.

Background & Objectives: A significant number of reported COVID-19 cases can be traced back to superspreader events (SSEs), where a disproportionally large number of secondary cases relative to the standard reproductive rate, R0, are initiated. Although a superspreader is an individual who undergoes more viral shedding and transmission than others, it appears likely that environmental factors have a substantial role in SSEs. We categorise SSEs into two distinct groups: 'societal' and 'isolated' SSEs.

Deaf psychiatry: a review of the difficulties and the effect of an inquiry on current practice.

Communication is a huge difficulty in researching Deafness in psychiatry and in practically assessing and treating deaf patients. This paper aims to review the difficulties surrounding the assessment and treatment of deaf patients, using a review of the current literature on audio-visual hallucinations as an example. It will also include a summary of the published inquiry into the care and treatment of Daniel Joseph (a profoundly Deaf man), and a review of the Department of Health consultation document and NHS England responses to that inquiry as evidence of why these difficulties have relevance in everyday practice.

Capillary Interaction and Self-Assembly of Tilted Magnetic Ellipsoidal Particles at Liquid Interfaces.

Magnetic ellipsoidal particles adsorbed at a liquid interface provide exciting opportunities for creating switchable functional materials, where self-assembly can be switched on and off using an external field [Davies et al., ., , , 6715].

Long-term declines in winter body mass of tits throughout Britain and Ireland correlate with climate change.

The optimum body mass of passerine birds typically represents a trade-off between starvation risk, which promotes fat gain, and predation pressure, which promotes fat loss to maintain maneuvrability. Changes in ecological factors that affect either of these variables will therefore change the optimum body masses of populations of passerine birds. This study sought to identify and quantify the effects of changing temperatures and predation pressures on the body masses and wing lengths of populations of passerine birds throughout Britain and Ireland over the last 50 years.

The use of Music Therapy in the treatment of Mental Illness and the enhancement of Societal Wellbeing.

Music Therapy can be broadly described as the use of Music in a therapeutic context in order to help improve mental health. Music Therapy does not simply imply the playing of music to patients, relaxing though this may be, but in fact it does involve more active involvement of the patient, so as to use the power of music in order to help improve the mental health of patients and in order to treat mental health conditions. We review the evidence for the effect of Music Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, Schizophrenia, Sleep Disorders, and Dementia.

The neuroscience of music; a review and summary.

Present knowledge about the neurobiology of music is discussed and summarised. Music playing, reading and listening are all complex processes requiring co-ordination of various parts of the brain in hierarchically structured sequences. The involvement of the right hemisphere of the brain in musical functions is well established, however in fact both hemispheres are involved.

Tertiary Syphilis (General Paralysis of the Insane) and Bipolar Disorder; the role of these two disorders in the life of famous composers.

Syphilis is a complex disease, which can lead to General Paralysis of the Insane if left untreated. Before antibiotics this was the natural progression of the disease, with many people being admitted to mental asylums with the diagnosis of GPI, and going on to die there. Diagnoses however, were difficult, as it was difficult to distinguish between GPI and other mental conditions such as bipolar disorder.

Does Schizoaffective Disorder explain the mental illnesses of Robert Schumann and Vincent Van Gogh?

The geniuses Robert Schumann and Vincent Van Gogh show striking similarities both in the longitudinal nature of the progression of their illnesses, and the symptoms they experienced. There have been physiological explanations posed for both men, including Meniere's disease, tertiary syphilis, acute intermittent porphyria, terpenoid and lead poisoning, intracranial masses, temporal lobe epilepsy and dementia caused by vascular hypertension. The evidence for these physiological explanations is assessed.

What is Beauty? Should Doctors point out Beauty to their patients during therapy?

It has been argued that aesthetics, or the appreciation of beauty, can be used in therapy. We explore this concept from the point of view of new findings in neurobiology which give us an understanding of the mechanisms by which we experience beauty and creativity. We argue from anthropological perspectives that the experience of beauty is common to all cultures, and leads to the experiencing of important abstract concepts which enhance our lives, but which may be described differently in different cultures.

The effect of music therapy sessions on the interactions between children and their parents and how to measure it, with reference to attachment theory.

Music therapy and attachment is an expanding field and the number of studies addressing the theoretical work is slowly growing. There are both qualitative and quantitative approaches to studying the effect of regular music therapy sessions on parent-child interactions and these cover a range of patient populations including: children at risk of neglect, parents with a trauma history, children coping with bereavement and a large number addressing the disability population, including autism spectrum disorder. These studies suggest that music therapy benefits the parent-child relationship through the improvement communication, especially non-verbal communication, and so increased the feeling of closeness and understanding.

Neuroscience and Visual Art; Moving through empathy to the Ineffable.

In this article we wish to discuss recent work on neurobiology and visual arts, with impact on human pleasure, wellbeing and improved mental health. We wish to discuss briefly our model of the Human Person and apply it to Visual Art, and we wish to discuss our view of how empathy has been suggested as an important factor in how visual art can impact the human person, with its links with neuroscience and anthropology, and thus how Visual Art can put Human Beings in touch with their deepest feelings and even with the ineffable.

Ixodes ricinus parasitism of birds increases at higher winter temperatures.

Increasing winter temperatures are expected to cause seasonal activity of Ixodes ricinus ticks to extend further into the winter. We caught birds during winter months (November to February) at a site in the west of Scotland over a period of 24 years (1993-1994 to 2016-2017) to quantify numbers of attached I. ricinus and to relate these to monthly mean temperature.

The past as a work in progress.

Originating as a presidential address during the seventieth birthday celebrations of the British Society for the History of Science, this essay reiterates the society's long-standing commitment to academic autonomy and international cooperation. Drawing examples from my own research into female scientists and doctors during the First World War, I explore how narratives written by historians are related to their own lives, both past and present. In particular, I consider the influences on me of my childhood reading, my experiences as a physics graduate who deliberately left the world of science, and my involvement in programmes to improve the position of women in science.

Antidepressants in use in clinical practice.

The object of this paper, rather than producing new information, is to produce a useful vademecum for doctors prescribing antidepressants, with the information useful for their being prescribed. Antidepressants need to be seen as part of a package of treatment for the patient with depression which also includes psychological treatments and social interventions. Here the main Antidepressant groups, including the Selective Serotonin uptake inhibiters, the tricyclics and other classes are described, together with their mode of action, side effects, dosages.

The Use of the PHQ9 self-rating scale to assess depression within Primary Care.

The PHQ-9 is effective in screening patients for depressionas well as monitoring progress in a variety of situations. Using the PHQ-9 after a pre-assessment with the PHQ-2 increases its specificity, as well as preventing under-diagnosis. Although it is not suitable as a stand-alone tool for a diagnosis, it is a cost-effective, efficient method of screening patients in primary care.

Charity, Hospitality, and the Human Person.

We believe that in order to properly interpret all aspects of human scientific enquiry in terms of its impact on human beings it is necessary to have an adequate all encompassing model of the human person. We began this presentation by discussing the differences between the 'Cartesian' Dualistic model of the human Person and that of Aquinas and Augustine (which depend on Aristotle and Plato respectively). While the 'Cartesian' describes a completely separate 'soul' or 'mind' from the physical body, the Thomistic model of the Human Person is that of an Embodied Spirit, in which every aspect of the human spirit is reflected in an aspect or function of the physical body.