Medulloblastoma under Siege: Genetic and Molecular Dissection Concerning Recent Advances in Therapeutic Strategies.

Medulloblastoma (MB) is a devastating illness with unmet therapeutic needs, predominantly cytotoxic and nontargeted approaches. Survivors of MB also suffer from severe treatment-related effects of radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy keeping mortality rate significant. Recently, four distinct molecular subgroups of MB have been identified (WNT [wingless], SHH [sonic hedgehog], Group 3, and Group 4).

Surgical management of anomalous origin of coronary artery from pulmonary artery.

Background: Anomalous origin of coronary artery from pulmonary artery (AOCAPA), as is evident from the name, is defined as abnormal origin of either coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. The consequences vary in most cases and these anomalies lead to severe coronary hypo-perfusion and ventricular dysfunction. The common variants of this cardiac malformation are an anomalous origin of a left coronary artery from a pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) and anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from a pulmonary artery (ARCAPA).

A rare constellation of eventration of right diaphragm, severe right lung hypoplasia, and LPA sling.

Left pulmonary artery sling (LPAS) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly and is commonly associated with complete tracheal rings and various degrees of tracheobronchial compression. We present a very rare association of LPAS and congenital eventration of right hemidiaphragm in this case report.

Experience of Palliative Care Services at Tertiary Comprehensive Cancer Center during COVID-19 Lockdown Phase: An Analytical Original Study.

Background: Recent pandemic Coronavirus disease 2019 has brought the whole world to a standstill. In India too, phases of the lockdown of the country were declared. This hampered the availability of essential health-care services to needy patients.

A rare case of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with intact interatrial septum.

The presence of interatrial communication is considered obligatory in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). Even a restriction in this communication leads to obstructive TAPVC. We report a rare case of obstructed supracardiac TAPVC with the absence of interatrial communication and with multiple ventricle septal defects (VSDs) in a 3-month-old child.

Apoptosis stimulating protein of p53 (ASPP) 1 and ASPP2 m-RNA expression in oral cancer.

Objective: The present study was carried out to unfold the clinical significance of apoptosis stimulating protein of p53 (ASPP) 1 and ASPP2 expression in oral cancer (OC).

Methods: Tissue specimens (malignant and their corresponding adjacent normal) from 40 pathologically confirmed OC patients treated at the Institute were included in the study. ASPP1 and ASPP2 expression were examined using semi-quantitative RT-PCR.

Age determination in children by orthopantomograph and lateral cephalogram: A comparative digital study.

Background And Aims: The assessment of age is useful in forensic medicine and forensic odontology and in treatment planning in various branch of dentistry. The aim of study is comparative evaluation and assessment of applicability of Demirjian's method, Willem's method of dental age (DA) estimation, and Maria de Paula Caldas's method of skeletal age estimation for children aged 9-16 years.

Materials And Methods: A total of 140 individuals (70 females and 70 males) between the age group of 9-16 years were enrolled.

Truncus Arteriosus With Double Aortic Arch.

Truncus arteriosus (TA) or common arterial trunk is a congenital cardiac anomaly having high association with arch anomalies such as right aortic arch or aortic arch interruption. However, TA with double aortic arch (DAA) is a rare occurrence. We report a case of TA with DAA where the diagnosis of DAA was missed initially.

Total arterial multivessels minimal invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting via left minithoracotomy.

Background: Minimal Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (MIDCAB) is becoming popular and an important armamentarium for cardiac surgeons. We aimed to evaluate the result of MIDCAB total arterial revascularization.

Methods: We have evaluated 216 patients who underwent MIDCAB multivessel total arterial revascularization through a left anterolateral mini thoracotomy.

Does addition of bi-directional cavo-pulmonary shunt to tricuspid repair in advanced cases of Ebstein anomaly result in better outcomes?

Objectives: Ebstein anomaly can be managed by single ventricular, bi-ventricular and one and a half ventricular repairs. We present midterm results of Comprehensive Tricuspid Valve repair (CTVR) with bi-directional cavo-pulmonary shunt (BCPS).

Methods: In this prospective observational study (Jan2012-July2018), 69 patients underwent surgery for Ebstein anomaly.

Ten-year appraisal of pediatric renal allograft biopsies: Points to ponder.

There is paucity of literature on pediatric renal allograft biopsy (RAB) evaluation. We present RAB findings of pediatric renal transplantation (RT) and correlate with outcome. This is a 10-year retrospective study of diagnostic RAB of children <12 years divided in to three groups: Group 1 (n = 9): less than haplo-match living donor RT (LDRT), Group 2 (n = 32): greater than or equal to haplo-match LDRT, and Group 3 (n = 7): deceased donor RT.

Transcatheter Device Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect in Pediatric Patients: Long-Term Outcomes.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter device closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects in pediatric patients at long-term follow-up.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively studied 376 patients with perimembranous VSDs between September 2008 and December 2015 who underwent percutaneous closure at our center. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and electrocardiogram were done before and after the procedure in all the patients.

Long-Term Results of Transcatheter Closure of Large Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Pediatric Patients.

Aims: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most commonly seen congenital heart diseases prevalent today. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of hypertensive ductus at long-term follow-up.

Materials And Methods: Transcatheter closure was attempted in 52 patients with hypertensive ductus arteriosus.

Transcriptome profiling and pathway analysis in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa.

Background: High recurrence and poor overall survival in buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) are not well addressed due to lack of efficient prognostic biomarkers and targeted therapies. To uncover gene candidates for the same, transcriptome profiling has been examined in BMSCC, which is not explored yet.

Methods: We compared 9 BMSCC and 2 normal oral FFPE tissues using Agilent SurePrint G3 Human gene expression v3 microarray chips.

Thyroid Dysfunction Following Management of Non-thyroid Head and Neck Cancers.

Head and neck cancers are one of the commonest malignancies in India. Majority of cases of head and neck malignancy undergo chemoradiation with or without surgery. Thyroid bears the brunt in terms of either excision or the gland tends to get irradiated and fibrosed.

Bedside prediction of the central venous catheter insertion depth - Comparison of different techniques.

Background And Aims: Central venous catheterization is a frequently performed procedure in anesthesia and critical care, and is indispensable in the practice of emergency medicine. Correct positioning of the central venous catheter (CVC) tip is often regarded as a secondary goal and there are various complications that can occur due to abnormal position of the catheter tip. Different methods have been advocated to guide accurate prediction of optimal CVC depth insertion before or during the procedure at the bedside.

Early and late mortality and morbidity after post-MI ventricular septal rupture repair: predictors, strategies, and results.

Purpose: There has been a shift in the paradigm of management of post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture (MI VSR), with many authors reporting improved prognosis if the surgery can be "optimally delayed." Timing of the procedure is of critical importance and our management (UPMS), and prognosis scores (UPPS) have proven to be relevant. However, long-term outcomes and their correlation with our scores had not been analyzed.

Anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery in a teenager with tetralogy of Fallot with associated double aortic arch and coronary arteriovenous fistula.

We report the case of a 14-year-old female who had tetralogy of Fallot along with anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta with co-dominant double aortic arch forming a complete vascular ring compressing the oesophagus along with a left main coronary artery to right ventricular outflow tract fistula. She underwent surgical correction without conduit placement.

Unilateral interruption of pulmonary artery with pulmonary hypertension: a case for heart lung transplantation?

Unilateral interruption of pulmonary artery is a rare congenital anomaly which is usually associated with other congenital heart disease. Even more rarely it may occur in isolation. Most of the cases are incidentally detected in adulthood.

"RFEF" and mitral regurgitation jet direction: surrogate markers for likelihood of left ventricle reverse remodeling in patients with moderate chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation.

Purpose: Surgical management of moderate chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation (CIMR) is controversial. We propose a simplified classification of moderate CIMR based on regurgitant fraction (RF), ejection fraction (EF), and jet direction (central/eccentric) to predict left ventricle (LV) remodeling and identify patient subsets which need mitral valve (MV) repair along with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods: In this prospective controlled study ( = 210), patients with moderate CIMR were randomized.

Two-dose recommendation for Human Papillomavirus vaccine can be extended up to 18 years - updated evidence from Indian follow-up cohort study.

Earlier publication from the ongoing multi-centric study of the International Agency for Research on Cancer to evaluate less than three doses of the quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in India amongst unmarried girls demonstrated non-inferior total antibody titres, neutralizing antibody titres and antibody avidity in 2-dose recipients compared to 3-dose recipients at 15-18 years of age (Bhatla et al., 2018) [7]. The number of participants recruited at 15-18 years of age was 1515 and 1795 in the 3-dose and the 2-dose groups respectively.

The role of stimulation protocol, number of oocytes retrieved with respect to follicular fluid oxidative stress and IVF outcome.

The study was conducted on a population of 203 women attending the IVF clinic, Ahmedabad, India, to explore the role of stimulation protocol and the number of oocytes retrieved on oxidative stress in follicular fluid and IVF outcome. Follicular fluid was collected during ovum pick-up to determine the oxidative stress markers: superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), total thiols (TT), l-ascorbic acid (AA), total protein, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GRD). The average number of oocytes retrieved was significantly higher in the women receiving a long GnRH agonist protocol compared to GnRH antagonist protocol while the percentage of women with positive IVF outcome was lower in the long agonist protocol.