The volatile 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one from Trichoderma atroviride regulates Arabidopsis thaliana root morphogenesis via auxin signaling and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 functioning.

Plants interact with root microbes via chemical signaling, which modulates competence or symbiosis. Although several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fungi may affect plant growth and development, the signal transduction pathways mediating VOC sensing are not fully understood. 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP) is a major VOC biosynthesized by Trichoderma spp.

Serotonin, a tryptophan-derived signal conserved in plants and animals, regulates root system architecture probably acting as a natural auxin inhibitor in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a well-known neurotransmitter in mammals and is widely distributed in plants. This compound is synthesized from tryptophan and shares structural similarity with IAA. To date, little is known about the morphological, physiological and molecular responses of plants to serotonin.

The first direct synthesis of beta-unsubstituted meso-decamethylcalix[5]pyrrole.

The first direct synthesis of beta-unsubstituted meso-decamethylcalix[5]pyrrole from pyrrole and acetone, with moderate yield, is described. The results showed that a bismuth salt was necessary to obtain calix[5]pyrrole, with the best results obtained using Bi(NO(3))(3).