Factor Validity of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Using Robust Estimations in Ecuadorian Adolescents.

Objective: Confirm the three correlated factors model of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) using robust estimations and evaluate its internal consistency with a sample of Ecuadorian adolescents.

Method: Descriptive and instrumental analysis that includes confirmatory factor analysis with robust estimation and the calculation of its internal consistency.

Participants: A total of 1113 adolescents in which 56.

Drivers of assemblage-wide calling activity in tropical anurans and the role of temporal resolution.

Temporal scale in animal communities is often associated with seasonality, despite the large variation in species activity during a diel cycle. A gap thus remains in understanding the dynamics of short-term activity in animal communities. Here we assessed calling activity of tropical anurans and addressed how species composition varied during night activity in assemblages along gradients of local and landscape environmental heterogeneity.

Covalent Cross-Linking of 2H-MoS Nanosheets.

The combination of 2D materials opens a wide range of possibilities to create new-generation structures with multiple applications. Covalently cross-linked approaches are a ground-breaking strategy for the formation of homo or heterostructures made by design. However, the covalent assembly of transition metal dichalcogenides flakes is relatively underexplored.

Dense packings of hard circular arcs.

This work investigates dense packings of congruent hard infinitesimally thin circular arcs in the two-dimensional Euclidean space. It focuses on those denotable as major whose subtended angle θ∈(π,2π]. Differently than those denotable as minor whose subtended angle θ∈[0,π], it is impossible for two hard infinitesimally thin circular arcs with θ∈(π,2π] to arbitrarily closely approach once they are arranged in a configuration, e.

The Chemistry of Cosmic Dust Analogues from C, C, and CH in C-Rich Circumstellar Envelopes.

Interstellar carbonaceous dust is mainly formed in the innermost regions of circumstellar envelopes around carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. In these highly chemically stratified regions, atomic and diatomic carbon, along with acetylene are the most abundant species after H and CO. In a previous study, we addressed the chemistry of carbon (C and C) with H showing that acetylene and aliphatic species form efficiently in the dust formation region of carbon-rich AGBs whereas aromatics do not.

Specific Effects of Trabectedin and Lurbinectedin on Human Macrophage Function and Fate-Novel Insights.

Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in suppressing the immunosurveillance function of the immune system that prevents tumor growth. Indeed, macrophages can also be targeted by different chemotherapeutic agents improving the action over immune checkpoints to fight cancer. Here we describe the effect of trabectedin and lurbinectedin on human macrophage cell viability and function.

Chocolate composition and its crystallization process: A multidisciplinary analysis.

In this work, the composition of different types of chocolate was studied by using microscopy (optical and confocal fluorescence) and vibrational spectroscopy (Raman) aimed at obtaining more chemical information about this important food. By combining these techniques, it is possible to distinguish different components of chocolate. It was not possible to obtain Raman spectra of dark chocolate due to the presence of fluorescent flavonoids in cocoa particles.

Oncogenic pathways activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines promote mutant p53 stability: clue for novel anticancer therapies.

Inflammation and cancerogenesis are strongly interconnected processes, not only because inflammation promotes DNA instability, but also because both processes are driven by pathways such as NF-kB, STAT3, mTOR and MAPKs. Interestingly, these pathways regulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β that in turn control their activation and play a crucial role in shaping immune response. The transcription factor p53 is the major tumor suppressor that is often mutated in cancer, contributing to tumor progression.

Update, validation and comparison of three different clinicopathological scores for patients with resected gastric cancer: A western experience.

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is a multifactorial disease. Several prognostic scores have been proposed for refining the prognostic information provided by the TNM classification. Our aim is to validate and compare the prognostic performance of different clinicopathological scores in a western cohort of patients (Marubini, Haraguchi and Kologlu scores).

Occurrence and environmental constraints of gray monazite in red soils from the Campo de Montiel area (SW Ciudad Real province, south central Spain).

Monazite ((Ce, La, Nd, Th) PO) is a rare and strategic mineral that occurs naturally as an accessory and minor mineral in diverse igneous and metamorphic rocks. This mineral does not frequently form mineable ore deposits and it has different typologies, including those formed by endogenous processes (generally "yellow monazite" mineralizations) and those formed by exogenous processes ("gray monazite" mineralizations). The mineral is an important ore of Rare Earth Elements (REEs), which have been identified by the European Union as critical raw materials.

Tailoring π-conjugation and vibrational modes to steer on-surface synthesis of pentalene-bridged ladder polymers.

The development of synthetic strategies to engineer π-conjugated polymers is of paramount importance in modern chemistry and materials science. Here we introduce a synthetic protocol based on the search for specific vibrational modes through an appropriate tailoring of the π-conjugation of the precursors, in order to increase the attempt frequency of a chemical reaction. First, we design a 1D π-conjugated polymer on Au(111), which is based on bisanthene monomers linked by cumulene bridges that tune specific vibrational modes.

Electrochemiluminescence Biosensors Using Screen-Printed Electrodes.

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (also called electrochemiluminescence (ECL)) has become a great focus of attention in different fields of analysis, mainly as a consequence of the potential remarkably high sensitivity and wide dynamic range. In the particular case of sensing applications, ECL biosensor unites the benefits of the high selectivity of biological recognition elements and the high sensitivity of ECL analysis methods. Hence, it is a powerful analytical device for sensitive detection of different analytes of interest in medical prognosis and diagnosis, food control and environment.

Psychological Factors Associated with Functional Disability in Patients with Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis.

Several studies have shown an association between psychosocial variables and functional capacity in chronic pain processes such as osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to test a structural equations model that shows the predictive weight of certain variables such as catastrophizing, self-efficacy and kinesiophobia on functional pain and WOMAC subscales scores of pain and physical function of older patients diagnosed with hip and knee osteoarthritis. We also assessed the specific weight of age in terms of the factors.

Influence of Maternal Age and Gestational Age on Breast Milk Antioxidants During the First Month of Lactation.

Breast milk (BM) is beneficial due to its content in a wide range of different antioxidants, particularly relevant for preterm infants, who are at higher risk of oxidative stress. We hypothesize that BM antioxidants are adapted to gestational age and are negatively influenced by maternal age. Fifty breastfeeding women from two hospitals (Madrid, Spain) provided BM samples at days 7, 14 and 28 of lactation to assess total antioxidant capacity (ABTS), thiol groups, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA + 4-Hydroxy-Trans-2-Nonenal, HNE), protein oxidation (carbonyl groups) (spectrophotometry) and melatonin (ELISA).

Dual Emission: Classes, Mechanisms, and Conditions.

There has been much interest in dual-emission materials in the past few years for materials and life science applications; however, a systematic overview of the underlying processes is so-far missing. We resolve this issue herein by classifying dual-emission (DE) phenomena as relying on one emitter with two emitting states (DE1), two independent emitters (DE2), or two correlated emitters (DE3). Relevant DE mechanisms for materials science are then briefly described together with the electronic and/or geometrical conditions under which they occur.

Distinct Helical Molecular Orbitals through Conformational Lock*.

Several theoretical studies have proposed strategies to generate helical molecular orbitals (Hel-MOs) in [n]cumulenes and oligoynes. While chiral even-[n] cumulenes feature Hel-MOs, odd-[n] cumulenes may also present them if the terminal groups lie in different planes. However, the proposed systems have been either experimentally unfeasible or resulted in opposite pseudo-degenerated Hel-MOs.

Broadband infrared LEDs based on europium-to-terbium charge transfer luminescence.

Efficient broadband infrared (IR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are needed for emerging applications that exploit near-IR spectroscopy, ranging from hand-held electronics to medicine. Here we report broadband IR luminescence, cooperatively originating from Eu and Tb dopants in CaS. This peculiar emission overlaps with the red Eu emission, ranges up to 1200 nm (full-width-at-half-maximum of 195 nm) and is efficiently excited with visible light.

Climatic breadth of calling behaviour in two widespread Neotropical frogs: Insights from humidity extremes.

Climate change is severely altering precipitation regimes at local and global scales, yet the capacity of species to cope with these changes has been insufficiently examined. Amphibians are globally endangered and particularly sensitive to moisture conditions. For mating, most amphibian species rely on calling behaviour, which is a key weather-dependent trait.

A DVD-MoS/AgS/Ag Nanocomposite Thiol-Conjugated with Porphyrins for an Enhanced Light-Mediated Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

We have recently demonstrated in a previous work an appreciable photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) behavior towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of a MoS/AgS/Ag nanocomposite electrochemically deposited on a commercial writable Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), consisting therefore on an interesting strategy to convert a common waster product in an added-value material. Herein, we present the conjugation of this MoS/AgS/Ag-DVD nanocomposite with thiol-terminated tetraphenylporphyrins, taking advantage of the grafting of thiol groups through covalent S-S bridges, for integrating the well-known porphyrins photoactivity into the nanocomposite. Moreover, we employ two thiol-terminated porphyrins with different hydrophilicity, demonstrating that they either suppress or improve the PEC-HER performance of the overall hybrid, as a function of the molecule polarity, sustaining the concept of a local proton relay.

Combined Spectroscopic and TD-DFT Analysis to Elucidate Substituent and Acidochromic Effects in Organic Dyes: A Case Study on Amino- versus Nitro-Substituted 2,4-Diphenylquinolines.

A combined spectroscopic and TD-DFT case study was performed, to identify a robust method to calculate the complex near UV/Vis absorption spectra of various amino- vs. nitro-substituted 2,4-diphenylquinolines, which vary strongly under neutral and successively acidic conditions. For this, different DFT functionals were tested for geometry optimization and the TD part to calculate the neutral and different protonated species in a fast screening approach, i.

Mechanically Interlocked Carbon Nanotubes as a Stable Electrocatalytic Platform for Oxygen Reduction.

Mechanically interlocking redox-active anthraquinone onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (AQ-MINT) gives a new and advanced example of a noncovalent architecture for an electrochemical platform. Electrochemical studies of AQ-MINT as an electrode reveal enhanced electrochemical stability in both aqueous and organic solvents compared to physisorbed AQ-based electrodes. While maintaining the electrochemical properties of the parent anthraquinone molecules, we observe a stable oxygen reduction reaction to hydrogen peroxide (HO).

Microheater Actuators as a Versatile Platform for Strain Engineering in 2D Materials.

We present microfabricated thermal actuators to engineer the biaxial strain in two-dimensional (2D) materials. These actuators are based on microheater circuits patterned onto the surface of a polymer with a high thermal expansion coefficient. By running current through the microheater one can vary the temperature of the polymer and induce a controlled biaxial expansion of its surface.

Phthalocyanine-DNA origami complexes with enhanced stability and optical properties.

In this communication, electrostatically assembled phthalocyanine (Pc)-DNA origami (DO) complexes are formed and their optical properties are demonstrated. The formation of the complex prevents the Pc aggregation, thus yielding an enhanced optical response and photooxidative resilience towards aggregation in biologically relevant media. Simultaneously, the Pc protects the DO against enzymatic digestion.