1,136 results match your criteria: "City University London[Affiliation]"
Psychol Rep
November 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa and Thomas International.
This study examined the relationship between personality and interpersonal assertiveness styles, an important and neglected topic. In all, 396 working adults completed a six-factor personality test measuring work-related traits (HPTI) and a two-dimensional assessment of interpersonal styles (III) assessing four styles: Assertiveness, Passiveness, Hostile aggression, and Manipulative aggression. We were particularly interested in the correlates of aggressive and passive behaviour, as opposed to assertive behaviour.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConscious Cogn
August 2024
School of Psychology, City University London, United Kingdom.
Humans experience feelings of confidence in their decisions. In perception, these feelings are typically accurate - we tend to feel more confident about correct decisions. The degree of insight people have into the accuracy of their decisions is known as metacognitive sensitivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
July 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Purpose: Within the healthy population there is a large variation in the ability to perform smooth pursuit eye movements. Our purpose was to investigate the genetic and physiological bases for this variation.
Methods: We carried out a whole-genome association study, recording smooth pursuit movements for 1040 healthy volunteers by infrared oculography.
Public Money Manag
August 2023
Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, UK.
Impact: This article suggests why a different approach may be required for commissioning services from third sector providers than from, say, corporate or public providers. English systems for commissioning third sector providers contain both commodified elements (for example formal procurement, provider competition, commissioner-provider separation) and collaborative, relational elements (for example long-term collaboration, reliance on inter-organizational networks). When the two elements conflicted, commissioners and third sector organizations tended to try to work around the commodified elements in order to preserve and develop the collaborative aspects, which suggests that, in practice, they find de-commodified, collaborative methods better adapted to the commissioning of third sector organizations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Psychol (Amst)
May 2024
Department of Psychology, City University London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Thomas International, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
This study explored demographic, ideological, self-rating and personality traits correlates of the Dark Tetrad (DT4) which measures Narcissism (Special), Machiavellianism (Crafty), Psychopathy (Wild), and Sadism (Mean) traits. In total, 447 adults completed three tests: a bright-side, work-related, personality test (HPTI: High Performance Type Indicator), a dark-side test (Short Dark Tetrad) and a number of self-ratings. Correlations and regressions showed that all four dark traits were associated with low Adjustment (Neuroticism), but also with high Risk-Taking and Competitiveness (low Agreeableness).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Lang Commun Disord
July 2024
Richard Wells Research Centre, University of West London, London, UK.
Introduction: Dysphagia affects up to 70% of care home residents, increasing morbidity and hospital admissions. Speech and language therapists make recommendations to support safe nutrition but have limited capacity to offer ongoing guidance. This study aimed to understand if recommendations made to support safe and effective care are implemented and how these relate to the actual care delivered.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Community Nurs
January 2024
Co-Director, International Collaboration for Community Health Nursing Research; Emeritus Professor School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK.
Community health nurses world-wide provide health promotion and preventative care, support and guidance as well as clinical care for people with long-term conditions or needing acute care at home and end-of-life care, across all age groups. The importance of health care in the community has been growing globally as health systems recognise both the economic and human need for people to remain in their communities rather than in hospital. Research in community nursing provides evidence to support policy, practice and education.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStat Med
January 2024
Clinical Trials Methods and Outcomes Lab, Palliative and Advanced Illness Research (PAIR) Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
In many medical studies, the outcome measure (such as quality of life, QOL) for some study participants becomes informatively truncated (censored, missing, or unobserved) due to death or other forms of dropout, creating a nonignorable missing data problem. In such cases, the use of a composite outcome or imputation methods that fill in unmeasurable QOL values for those who died rely on strong and untestable assumptions and may be conceptually unappealing to certain stakeholders when estimating a treatment effect. The survivor average causal effect (SACE) is an alternative causal estimand that surmounts some of these issues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Psychol (Amst)
September 2023
Department of Psychology, City University London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
This study explores the relationship between bright- and dark-side personality traits and four major styles of defense mechanisms (DMs) as this relationship remains unexplored and important in understanding the DMs. In all, 435 adult working participants (241 men; 194 women; Mean age 46.06 yrs) mainly in middle management jobs, completed a 78-item, six-trait measure of bright-side personality (HPTI: High Potential Type Indicator), a 25-item five-trait measure of the dark-side personality (PID-5;BF: DSM-5-Brief Form) and 88-item, four-styles measure of defense mechanisms (Defense Style Questionnaire).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Health Care Inform
June 2023
Healthinnova Ltd, Bath, UK.
Conscious Cogn
August 2023
Department of Psychology, City University London, United Kingdom.
Signal-detection theory (SDT) is one of the most popular frameworks for analyzing data from studies of human behavior - including investigations of confidence. SDT-based analyses of confidence deliver both standard estimates of sensitivity (d'), and a second estimate informed by high-confidence decisions - meta d'. The extent to which meta d' estimates fall short of d' estimates is regarded as a measure of metacognitive inefficiency, quantifying the contamination of confidence by additional noise.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Ophthalmol
December 2023
Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India.
Aim: Much existing data on childhood refractive error prevalence in India were gathered in local studies, many now dated. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, severity and determinants of refractive errors among school-going children participating in a multistate vision screening programme across India.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, vision screening was conducted in children aged 5-18 years at schools in five states using a pocket vision screener.
Aims: To examine the evidence for the use of compression in the general population and determine how far it can be used to inform treatment at the end of life.
Design: In advanced illness, some patients suffer lower limb swelling and its resulting problems. In the general population, compression is used to treat lower limb swelling, but little is known about its use at the end of life.
Ultrason Sonochem
November 2022
School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, City University London, Northampton Square, EC1V 0HB London, UK.
An explicit density-based solver of the Euler equations for inviscid and immiscible gas-liquid flow media is coupled with real-fluid thermodynamic equations of state supporting mild dissociation and calibrated with shock tube data up to 5000 K and 28 GPa. The present work expands the original 6-equation disequilibrium method by generalising the numerical approach required for estimating the equilibrium pressure in computational cells where both gas and liquid phases co-exist while enforcing energy conservation for all media. An iterative numerical procedure is suggested for taking into account the properties of the gas content as derived from highly non-linear real gas equations of state and implemented in a tabulated form during the numerical solution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhen young people seek support from mental health care practitioners, the encounters may affect the young people's sense of self, and in particular undermine their sense of agency. For this study, an interdisciplinary team of academics and young people collaboratively analysed video-recorded encounters between young people and mental healthcare practitioners in emergency services. They identified five communication techniques that practitioners can use to avoid undermining the young person's sense of agency in the clinical encounter.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIIC Int Rev Ind Prop Copyr Law
September 2022
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
The COVID-19 pandemic has exponentially accelerated the use of 3D printing (3DP) technologies in healthcare. Surprisingly, though, we have seen hardly any public intellectual property right (IPR) disputes concerning the 3D-printed medical equipment produced to cope with this crisis. Yet it can be assumed that a great variety of IPRs could potentially have been enforced against the use of various items of equipment printed out without express consent from IP holders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
July 2022
School of Science & Technology, City University London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK.
The assembly of 3D printed composites has a wide range of applications for ground preparation of space systems, in-orbit manufacturing, or even in-situ resource utilisation on planetary surfaces. The recent developments in composites additive manufacturing (AM) technologies include indoor experimentation on the International Space Station, and technological demonstrations will follow using satellite platforms on the Low Earth Orbits (LEOs) in the next few years. This review paper surveys AM technologies for varied off-Earth purposes where components or tools made of composite materials become necessary: mechanical, electrical, electrochemical and medical applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Res Protoc
July 2022
Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has inequitably impacted the experiences of people living with ill health/impairments or from minoritized ethnic groups across all areas of life. Given possible parallels in inequities for disabled people and people from minoritized ethnic backgrounds, their existence before the pandemic and increase since, and the discriminations that each group faces, our interest is in understanding the interplay between being disabled AND being from a minoritized ethnic group.
Objective: The overarching aim of the Coronavirus Chronic Conditions and Disabilities Awareness (CICADA) project, building on this understanding, is to improve pandemic and longer-term support networks, and access to and experiences of care, services, and resources for these underserved groups, both during the pandemic and longer term, thereby reducing inequities and enhancing social, health, and well-being outcomes.
J Econ Interact Coord
May 2022
Department of Economics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Fondamenta S. Giobbe 873, 30121 Venezia, Italy.
BMJ Open
April 2022
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Introduction: Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death in women of reproductive age and there is high risk of reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in pregnancy. The uptake of routine screening of migrants for LTBI in the UK in primary care is low. Antenatal care is a novel setting which could improve uptake and can lend insight into the feasibility and acceptability of offering opt-out screening for LTBI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2022
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
One of the seminal findings of cognitive neuroscience is that the power of occipital alpha-band (~ 10 Hz) brain waves is increased when peoples' eyes are closed, rather than open. This has encouraged the view that alpha oscillations are a default dynamic, to which the visual brain returns in the absence of input. Accordingly, we might be unable to increase the power of alpha oscillations when the eyes are closed, above the level that would normally ensue when people close their eyes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth Qual Life Outcomes
November 2021
Emeritus Professor of Public Health, Warwick Medical School University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Purpose: This study assesses the construct validity and sensitivity to change of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) as an outcome measure in the treatment of common mental disorders (CMD) in primary care settings.
Methods: 127 participants attending up to 5 sessions of therapy for CMD in primary care self-rated the SWEMWBS, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scales. SWEMWBS's construct validity and sensitivity to change was evaluated against the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 across multiple time points in two ways: correlation coefficients were calculated between the measures at each time point; and sensitivity to change over time was assessed using repeated measures ANOVA.
BMC Public Health
November 2021
School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Portland Building, PD519, Portland Place, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK.
Background: Social circumstances in which people live and work impact the population's mental health. We aimed to synthesise evidence identifying effective interventions and policies that influence the social determinants of mental health at national or scaled population level. We searched five databases (Cochrane Library, Global Health, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO) between Jan 1st 2000 and July 23rd 2019 to identify systematic reviews of population-level interventions or policies addressing a recognised social determinant of mental health and collected mental health outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHRB Open Res
May 2021
Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
Cervical screening uptake is declining in several countries. Primary care practitioners could play a greater role in maximising uptake, but better understanding is needed of practitioners' cervical screening-related behaviours. Among general practitioners (GPs) and practice nurses, we aimed to identify cervical screening-related clinical behaviours; clarify practitioners' roles/responsibilities; and determine factors likely to influence clinical behaviours.
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