Free convection investigation for a Casson-based - nanofluid in semi parabolic enclosure with corrugated cylinder.

The optimization of heat transfer in various engineering applications, such as thermal management systems and energy storage devices, remains a crucial challenge. This study aims to investigate the potential of Casson-based Cu-HO nanofluids in enhancing free convection heat transfer within complex geometries. The research examines the free convection heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of a Casson-based Cu-HO nanofluid within a semi-parabolic enclosure that includes a wavy corrugated cylinder.

Circular RNAs as key regulators in cancer hallmarks: New progress and therapeutic opportunities.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in cancer biology, contributing to various cancer hallmarks, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Defined by their covalently closed loop structure, circRNAs possess unique characteristics like high stability, abundance, and tissue-specific expression. These non-coding RNAs function through mechanisms such as miRNA sponging, interactions with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and modulating transcription and splicing.

Phytochemical Profiling, Acute Toxicity, and Hepatoprotective Effects of in Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Cirrhosis in Rats.

Evaluation of of the family Boraginaceae during previous investigations determined numerous therapeutic potentials against inflammatory-related diseases. The present study evaluates the phytochemical, acute toxicity, and hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extracts of (MEAL) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury in rats. The phytochemical profiling of MEAL followed a Folin-Ciocalteu and 10% AlCl3 procedure using a spectrophotometer.

Targeting Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis: Cardamonin's Cognitive Benefits in Alzheimer's 5XFAD Mice.

This study aimed to evaluate the cognitive-enhancing and neuroprotective effects of cardamonin in the 5XFAD transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We treated six-month-old female 5XFAD mice with cardamonin at 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Novel Object Recognition (NOR) tests.

The Use of an Digestibility Assay to Reduce the Fish Bioaccumulation Testing of Nanomaterials.

Currently for engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), there are no alternatives to bioaccumulation testing in fish as prescribed by OECD TG 305. New approaches are being sought, in order to reduce the numbers of animals used and address the ethical concerns associated with the use of vertebrates in such testing. This study aimed to demonstrate the value of an alternative method - the digestibility assay - as a tool to assess the bioaccumulation potential of ENMs.

Reduced Expression of Oxidative Stress-Related lncRNAs LINC-PINT and SNHG5 in Schizophrenia: Implications for Biomarker Development.

Schizophrenia is a mental condition that impairs several aspects of brain function and behavior. Recent investigations highlighted abnormal function of numerous genes in this context. Notably, genes that affect oxidative stress and neuron damage were the focus of several studies.

Advances in polysaccharide-based materials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications: A comprehensive review.

Polysaccharides, the most abundant biopolymers in nature, have attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians due to its practicality in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. These biomaterials have high bioavailability and play structural and functional roles in living organisms. Polysaccharides are classified into several groups based on their origin, including plant polysaccharides and marine polysaccharides (like chitosan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, alginates, etc.

Recent advances in polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy: a comprehensive review.

Cancer has a high rate of incidence and mortality throughout the world. Although several conventional approaches have been developed for the treatment of cancer, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and thermal therapy, they have remarkable disadvantages which result in inefficient treatment of cancer. For example, immunogenicity, prolonged treatment, non-specificity, metastasis and high cost of treatment, are considered as the major drawbacks of chemotherapy.

Integrating artificial neural networks, multi-objective metaheuristic optimization, and multi-criteria decision-making for improving MXene-based ionanofluids applicable in PV/T solar systems.

Optimization of thermophysical properties (TPPs) of MXene-based nanofluids is essential to increase the performance of hybrid solar photovoltaic and thermal (PV/T) systems. This study proposes a hybrid approach to optimize the TPPs of MXene-based Ionanofluids. The input variables are the MXene mass fraction (MF) and temperature.

Ethnobotany, bioactive compounds and pharmacology of Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC: A review.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Plants possess the ability to synthesize a diverse array of primary and secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites are of great importance as a result of their status as natural substances that have the potential to provide therapeutic benefits for human health. Due to its many uses in traditional medicine, Syzygium guineense (Willd.

(Stef.) Extract Induces Lung Cancer Apoptosis via Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis Pathway.

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma remains a significant health concern due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Traditional medicines play a central role in cancer therapy, with plant-derived bioactive compounds being studied for their potential to offer fewer side effects than conventional treatments. In traditional Kurdish medicine, different species are used to treat burns, inflammation, and other conditions.

Revolutionizing medicine: Recent developments and future prospects in stem-cell therapy.

Stem-cell therapy is a revolutionary frontier in modern medicine, offering enormous capacity to transform the treatment landscape of numerous debilitating illnesses and injuries. This review examines the revolutionary frontier of treatments utilizing stem cells, highlighting the distinctive abilities of stem cells to undergo regeneration and specialized cell differentiation into a wide variety of phenotypes. This paper aims to guide researchers, physicians, and stakeholders through the intricate terrain of stem-cell therapy, examining the processes, applications, and challenges inherent in utilizing stem cells across diverse medical disciplines.

Green Synthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of rGO/ZnO/FeO Nanocomposites: A Sustainable Approach to Environmental Remediation.

The fast industrialization and mounting pollution have necessitated the need for advanced materials in order to degrade pollutants efficiently. Metal oxide-based and graphene-derivative photocatalytic nanocomposites are excellent for harnessing light energy in environmental remediation. Among them, ZnO-based nanocomposites have drawn considerable attention because of their high photocatalytic activity and stability.

Decoding the intricacies: a comprehensive analysis of microRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.

The pandemic of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), provoked by the appearance of a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), required a worldwide healthcare emergency. This has elicited an immediate need for accelerated research into its mechanisms of disease, criteria for diagnosis, methods for forecasting outcomes, and treatment approaches. microRNAs (miRNAs), are diminutive RNA molecules, that are non-coding and participate in gene expression regulation post-transcriptionally, having an important participation in regulating immune processes.

Advanced biomaterials for regenerative medicine and their possible therapeutic significance in treating COVID-19: a critical overview.

The potential of biomaterials in medical sciences has attracted much interest, especially in promoting tissue regeneration and controlling immune responses. As COVID-19 pandemic broke out, there was an increased interest in understanding more about how biomaterials could be employed to fight this dreaded disease, especially in the context of regenerative medicine. Out of the numerous regenerative medicine possibilities, stem cells and scaffolding (grafting) technology are two major areas in modern medicines and surgery.

Biomarkers of type 2 and non-type 2 inflammation in asthma exacerbations.

Introduction: In adult-onset asthma, two major endotypes have been proposed: T2 with eosinophilia and non-T2 characterised by neutrophils and interleukin (IL)-17. The objective of the study was to examine the endotype marker profile in patients with severe asthma who were hospitalized for exacerbations, with a focus on differentiating between viral and non-viral triggers.

Material And Methods: Forty-nine patients with asthma, admitted for exacerbations, and 51 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited.

Clinical and preclinical advances in PSMA-Directed Antibody-Drug conjugates (ADCs): Current status and hope for the future.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II membrane glycoprotein overexpressed in a variety of tumors, especially in nearly all prostate cancers, which makes it a potentially attractive antigen for targeted cancer therapies. More importantly, PSMA, due to no shedding into circulation and efficient internalization after antibody binding, becomes a potential target for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), a valid and emerging paradigm of cancer treatment. Four and eight PSMA-directed ADCs have been or are currently being investigated in clinical trials (three of which failed to confirm the promising results while one is currently being evaluated in an ongoing clinical study) and preclinical studies, respectively, for the treatment of PSMA-positive solid tumors, especially prostate cancer.