Electrochemically Driven Selective Olefin Epoxidation by Cobalt-TAML Catalyst.

Epoxides are versatile chemical intermediates that are used in the manufacture of diversified industrial products. For decades, thermochemical conversion has long been employed as the primary synthetic route. However, it has several drawbacks, such as harsh and explosive operating conditions, as well as a significant greenhouse gas emissions problem.

Mechanistic and bibliometric insights into -mediated biofilm regulation and its strategic role in food safety applications.

Biofilm, complex structures formed by microorganisms within an extracellular polymeric matrix, pose significant challenges in the sector by harboring dangerous pathogens and complicating decontamination, thereby increasing the risk of foodborne illnesses. This article provides a comprehensive review of the sigma factor, 's role in biofilm development, specifically in gram-negative bacteria, and how the genetic, environmental, and regulatory elements influence activity with its critical role in bacterial stress responses. Our findings reveal that is a pivotal regulator of biofilm formation, enhancing bacterial survival in adverse conditions.

Precise Measurement of the e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} Cross Section at Center-of-Mass Energies from Threshold to 4.95 GeV.

Using the e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, at center-of-mass energies from the threshold to 4.95 GeV, we present precise measurements of the cross section for the process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} using a single-tag method. The resulting cross section line shape exhibits several new structures, thereby offering an input for a future coupled-channel analysis and model tests, which are critical to understand vector charmonium-like states with masses between 4 and 5 GeV.

Studying Cationic Liposomes for Quick, Simple, and Effective Nucleic Acid Preconcentration and Isolation.

To ensure high quality of food and water, the identification of traces of pathogens is mandatory. Rapid nucleic acid-based tests shorten traditional detection times while maintaining low detection limits. Challenging is the loss of nucleic acids during necessary purification processes, since elution off solid surfaces is not efficient.

A pediatric emergency prediction model using natural language process in the pediatric emergency department.

This study developed a predictive model using deep learning (DL) and natural language processing (NLP) to identify emergency cases in pediatric emergency departments. It analyzed 87,759 pediatric cases from a South Korean tertiary hospital (2012-2021) using electronic medical records. Various NLP models, including four machine learning (ML) models with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and two DL models based on the KM-BERT framework, were trained to differentiate emergency cases using clinician transcripts.

Single-cell transcriptomics of bronchoalveolar lavage during PRRSV infection with different virulence.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant economic losses in the global swine industry due to its high genetic diversity and different virulence levels, which complicate disease management and vaccine development. This study evaluated longitudinal changes in the immune cell composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the clinical outcomes across PRRSV strains with varying virulence, using techniques including single-cell transcriptomics. In highly virulent infection, faster viral replication results in an earlier peak lung-damage time point, marked by significant interstitial pneumonia, a significant decrease in macrophages, and an influx of lymphocytes.

Radiosurgery versus radiation therapy for long term local control rate of craniopharyngioma: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: Craniopharyngiomas are challenging benign tumors arising from Rathke's pouch remnants, often requiring multidisciplinary management due to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures. This meta-analysis systematically compares conventional radiation therapy (RT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (RS) in treating residual or recurrent craniopharyngiomas.

Method: A comprehensive literature search identified 44 studies, including 46 reports, meeting inclusion criteria such as progression-free survival (PFS) and post-radiotherapy complications.

Prognosis of Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy Flap Necrosis: Predictors of Failure and Salvage.

Background: In the realm of implant-based breast reconstruction, mastectomy flap necrosis (MFN) is a prevalent yet grave complication that poses a threat to the stability of the inserted prosthesis. Although numerous investigations have scrutinized the risk factors for MFN development, few have delved into the aftermath, specifically implant failure or salvage. This study seeks to appraise the prognosis of the implanted prosthesis following MFN occurrence, as well as identify predictors of such outcomes.

Factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms in healthcare providers after performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a mixed-methods study.

The experience of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can cause post-traumatic stress symptoms that negatively impact healthcare providers and reduced their clinical competency. This two-phase mixed-methods was conducted to investigate the factors that cause post-traumatic disorder (PTSD) in healthcare providers who perform CPR. Phase 1 included a survey with a trauma screening questionnaire (TSQ).

The Influence of Substance Use on Sleep Duration Among South Korean Adolescents by Sex: A Secondary Analysis.

Purpose: Although insufficient sleep influences cognitive function and physical and mental health in adolescents, many still get less sleep than the recommended duration. Adolescent substance use, including alcohol and tobacco, influences sleep disturbance. However, sex differences in the relationship between substance use and sleep health have not been extensively studied.

Extended protective effects of three dimensional cultured human mesenchymal stromal cells in a neuroinflammation model.

Background: Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess regenerative potential due to pluripotency and paracrine functions. However, their stemness and immunomodulatory capabilities are sub-optimal in conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture.

Aim: To enhance the efficiency and therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, an -like 3D culture condition was applied.

Urolithin A attenuates apoptosis and ferroptosis in hyperlipidemic tenocytes through PPARδ/ALDH2-mediated antioxidative signaling.

Urolithin A (URA), a product of the gut microflora from foods rich in ellagitannins found in berries and nuts, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress properties in various disease models. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, is considered a pathogenic cause of tendinopathy. However, the effects of URA on hyperlipidemic tenocytes and the related molecular mechanisms for the treatment of tendinopathy have not been elucidated.

Expansion of medical school admission quotas in Korea, is it really necessary?

Background: In 2024, the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare enforced a policy to increase the number of medical school students by 2,000 over the next 5 years, despite opposition from doctors. This study aims to predict the trend of excess or shortage of medical personnel in Korea due to the policy of increasing the number of medical school students by 2035.

Methods: Data from multiple sources, including the Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Health Insurance Corporation, and the Korean Medical Association, were used to estimate supply and demand.

Adjusting on-scene CPR duration based on transport time interval in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide multicenter study.

The optimal duration of on-scene cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients remains uncertain. Determining this critical time period requires outweighing the potential risks associated with intra-arrest transport while minimizing delays in accessing definitive hospital-based treatments. This study evaluated the association between on-scene CPR duration and 30-day neurologically favorable survival based on the transport time interval (TTI) in patients with OHCA.

Cardiovascular disease risk in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus compared to diabetes mellitus and the general population.

To evaluate the incidence and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) comparing them to diabetes patients and the general population. This nationwide cohort study focused on incident SLE patients aged over 40 years, matched with diabetes patients and the general population (1:4:4 ratio). CVD was defined as ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, and cardiac arrest.

The incidence of Popeye Deformity after Soft Tissue Biceps Tenodesis is Comparable to Biceps Anchor Tenodesis and Lower than Biceps Tenotomy During Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

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Real-Time On-Device Continual Learning Based on a Combined Nearest Class Mean and Replay Method for Smartphone Gesture Recognition.

Sensor-based gesture recognition on mobile devices is critical to human-computer interaction, enabling intuitive user input for various applications. However, current approaches often rely on server-based retraining whenever new gestures are introduced, incurring substantial energy consumption and latency due to frequent data transmission. To address these limitations, we present the first on-device continual learning framework for gesture recognition.

Substrate Integrated Waveguide on Glass with Vacuum-Filled Tin Through Glass Vias for Millimeter-Wave Applications.

This paper presents a novel approach to fabricate substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) on glass substrates with tin (Sn) through glass vias (TGVs) tailored for millimeter-wave applications. The fabrication process employs a custom-designed vacuum suctioning system to rapidly fill precise TGV holes in the glass substrate, which are formed by wafer-level glass reflow micromachining techniques with molten tin in a minute. This method offers a very fast and cost-effective alternative for complete via filling without voids compared to the conventional metallization techniques such as electroplating or sputtering.

Enhanced Peelability and Quality of Whiteleg Shrimp () Using Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Treatment.

This study investigated the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on the peeling efficiency and textural properties of whiteleg shrimp (). Shrimp samples were treated at field strengths of 0, 1.0, 1.

Machine learning prediction of in-hospital mortality and external validation in patients with cardiogenic shock: the RESCUE score.

Introduction And Objectives: Despite advances in mechanical circulatory support, mortality rates in cardiogenic shock (CS) remain high. A reliable risk stratification system could serve as a valuable guide in the clinical management of patients with CS. This study aimed to develop and externally validate a risk prediction model for in-hospital mortality in CS patients using machine learning (ML) algorithms.

Job loss and reemployment of newly diagnosed people with epilepsy: A nationwide cohort study.

Objective: Epilepsy has negative socioeconomic impacts on those affected, resulting not only from actual disability but also from social stigma. However, longitudinal studies examining occupational consequences following an epilepsy diagnosis are limited. We aimed to investigate the occupational outcomes of newly diagnosed epilepsy among Korean employees.

Exploring Future Pandemic Preparedness Through the Development of Preventive Vaccine Platforms and the Key Roles of International Organizations in a Global Health Crisis.

The emergence of more than 40 new infectious diseases since the 1980s has emerged as a serious global health concern, many of which are zoonotic. In response, many international organizations, including the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), have developed strategies to combat these health threats. The need for rapid vaccine development has been highlighted by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and mRNA technology has shown promise as a platform.

Preference for On-Demand Fexuprazan Therapy in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Maintenance therapy is crucial in managing and preventing symptom relapse in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), with continuous and on-demand therapy being the common approaches. However, maintenance therapy using potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs), such as fexuprazan, remains incompletely evaluated. This single-center, single-arm, prospective cohort study enrolled individuals with weekly heartburn or acid regurgitation and confirmed erosive esophagitis.

Polysaccharide Hydrogel-Assisted Biosensing Platforms for Point-of-Care Use.

Point-of-care (POC) use is one of the essential goals of biosensing platforms. Because the increasing demand for testing cannot be met by a centralized laboratory-based strategy, rapid and frequent testing at the right time and place will be key to increasing health and safety. To date, however, there are still difficulties in developing a simple and affordable, as well as sensitive and effective, platform that enables POC use.